Full-charge indicator for battery chargers

• US 4,394,613 A
• Filed: 01/19/1981
• Issued: 07/19/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 01/19/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Cole, Steven W.
• Primary Examiner(s): PELLINEN, A DAVID
• Application Number:
  US06/225,961
• Time in Patent Office: 911 Days
• Field of Search: 320/22, 320/32, 320/39, 320/43, 320/48, 323/278, 323/902, 340/636
• US Class Current: 320/164
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00714 in response to battery charging or discharging current
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 320/21 State of charge of battery
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 320/25 Optical coupler
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 323/902 Optical coupling to semiconductor

Abstract

A full-charge indicator for battery chargers, includes a transistor which is in a conductive state as long as charging current to the battery is not less than a level which indicates that the battery did not reach full charge. When the battery reaches full charge, a voltage drop in a resistor in the charging current path is not sufficient to maintain the transistor in a conducting state, and therefore it is switched off. When this occurs an LED is turned on, to indicate a full charge state of the battery. A photocoupler together with a photocoupler transistor are included. When the transistor is off, the photocoupler activates the photocoupler transistor to shunt out a resistor, thereby reducing the charging current to the battery to a float charging current and prevent the battery from being overcharged and damaged.

Claims

1. A circuit for use in a battery charger to indicate when the battery to be charged reaches a full charge state and for protecting said battery from being overcharged, comprising

a control means in the charging current path for providing less than a preselected voltage drop thereacross when the charging current is less than a known level, which is indicative of a full-charge battery state,

a transistor connected with its base-emitter junction across said control means, said transistor being switchable to a nonconducting state only when the voltage across said control means is less than said preselected voltage,

an indicator connected between the collector and emitter of said transistor, whereby, when said transistor is in a nonconducting state, said indicator is energized,

unidirectional conducting means in series with said battery through which charging current is supplied,

a voltage dividing network comprising at least first and second series resistors connected between a conductor along which current is conducted into said battery and a source of reference potential for said battery,

switching means for reducing the effective resistance of one of said voltage dividing resistors when the voltage drop across said control means is less than said preselected voltage to reduce the charging voltage applied to said battery, said switching means comprising a photocoupler and a photocoupler transistor, the former being connected in series with said indicator between the emitter and collector of said transistor, and the later being connected across one of said voltage dividing resistors.

2. A circuit as defined in claim 1 further including a capacitor connected across said photocoupler and light indicator.

3. A circuit as defined in claim 2 wherein said indicator is a light source.

4. A circuit as defined in claim 2 wherein said light source is a light emitting diode.

5. In a battery charger, a circuit for protecting the battery from being overcharged, comprising

control means in the charging current path for providing less than a preselected voltage drop thereacross when the charging current level is less than a known level which is related to full-charge battery state,

a resistive network connected between a conductor along which current is conducted into said battery and a source of reference potential for said battery,

a transistor switch having its base-emitter junction connected across said control means to switch from one conduction state to a second state when the voltage drop across said control means is less than said preselected voltage drop, and

switching means for reducing the resistance provided by said network when the voltage across said control means is less than said preselected voltage drop, said switching means comprising a photocoupler responsive to said transistor switch to emit light when said transistor switch is switched to said second state and a photocoupler transistor connected in parallel with a portion of said resistive network,

whereby light from said photocoupler activates said photocoupler transistor to reduce the resistance provided by said network.

6. A circuit as defined in claim 5 further including a light indicator connected in series with said photocoupler, whereby when said transistor switch is in its second state to activate said photocoupler to emit light, said light indicator is energized to indicate said full battery charge state.

7. A circuit as recited in claim 6 wherein said light indicator is a light emitting diode.

8. A circuit as recited in claim 5 wherein said resistance network comprises a plurality of resistors connected in series, and said control means includes a separate resistor connected in series with said photocoupler transistor, and said photocoupler transistor and separate resistor are connected across at least one of the resistors of said network.