Real-time 3-D x-ray and gamma-ray viewer

• US 4,404,469 A
• Filed: 05/22/1981
• Issued: 09/13/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 05/22/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Administrator of National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Inventors: Yin, Lo I.
• Primary Examiner(s): Howell, Janice A.
• Application Number:
  US06/267,178
• Time in Patent Office: 844 Days
• Field of Search: 250/363 R, 250/363 S, 250/367, 250/368, 250/369, 378/2
• US Class Current: 250/363.01
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4258 for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation A61B6/037 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1645 using electron optical imaging means, e.g. image intensifier tubes, coordinate photomultiplier tubes, image converter
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02

Abstract

A multi-pinhole aperture lead screen (22) forms an equal plurality of invisible mini-images having dissimilar perspectives of an x-ray and gamma-ray emitting object (ABC) onto a rear-earth phosphor layer (24) which, in turn, provides visible light mini-images directly into a visbile light image intensifier (26). A viewing screen (34/48) having an equal plurality of dissimilar perspective apertures distributed across its face in a geometric pattern identical to the lead screen, provides a viewer with a real, pseudoscopic image (A'"'"'B'"'"'C'"'"') of the object with full horizontal and vertical parallax. Alternatively, a third screen (34) identical to the viewing screen (48) and spaced apart from a second visible light image intensifier (42), may be positioned between the first image intensifier (26) and the viewing screen (48), thereby providing the viewer with a virtual, orthoscopic image (A"B"C") of the object (ABC) with full horizontal and vertical parallax.

Claims

1. An instrument for viewing x-ray and gamma-ray emitting objects, comprising:

means (22) for forming incident x-rays and gamma-rays emitted by an object into an array of mini-images of said object;

means (24) spatially displaced from said forming means (22) for converting said x-ray and gamma-ray mini-images into visible-light mini-images;

first means (26) coupled to said converting means (24) for intensifying said visible-light mini-images; and

screening means (34/48) having a plurality of apertures, spatially displaced from said first intensifier means (26), for providing a reconstructed autostereoscopic visible-light image of said object having a continuum of perspective views.

3. The instrument of claims 1 or 2 wherein said forming means (22) includes a plurality of apertures having dissimilar perspective of said object.

4. The instrument of claim 3 wherein said forming means (22) and said screening means (34) have equal pluralities of said apertures.

5. The instrument of claim 3 wherein said forming means (22) and said screening means (34) have equal pluralities of said apertures distributed in arrays of identical geometric pattern.

2. An instrument for viewing x-ray and gamma-ray emitting objects, comprising:

means (22) for forming from x-rays and gamma-rays emitted by an object a plurality of mini-images having dissimilar perspective views of said object;

means (24) spatially displaced from said forming means (22) for converting said x-ray and gamma-ray mini-images into visible-light mini-images;

first means (26) conjugately paired with said converting means (24) for intensifying said visible-light mini-images; and

screening means (34) having a plurality of apertures, spatially displaced from said first intensifying means (26), for reconstructing from said intensified visible-light mini-images a composite pseudoscopic image of said object, having both vertical and horizontal parallax.

6. An instrument for viewing x-ray and gamma-ray emitting objects, comprising:

means (22) for forming incident x-rays and gamma-rays emitted by an object into an array of mini-images of said object;

means (24) spatially displaced from said forming means (22) for converting said x-ray and gamma-ray mini-images into visible-light mini-images;

first means (26) proximate to said converting means (24) for intensifying said visible-light mini-images;

screening means (34) having a plurality of apertures, spatially displaced from said first intensifier (26), for inverting each of said plurality of intensified visible-light mini-images provided by said first intensifying means (26);

second means (42) spatially displaced from said screening means (34), for intensifying said plurality of inverted visible-light mini-images; and

viewing means (48) having a plurality of apertures, spatially displaced from said second intensifier means (42), for reconstructing from said intensified plurality of inverted visible-light mini-images a composite orthoscopic image of said object, having vertical and horizontal parallax.

7. The instrument of claim 6 wherein said viewing means (48) and said screening means (34) have equal pluralities of said apertures.

8. The instrument of claim 6 wherein said viewing means (48) and said screening means (34) have equal pluralities of said apertures distributed in planar arrays of identical geometric pattern.

9. The instrument of claim 6 wherein said viewing means (48), said screening means (34) and said forming means (22) have equal pluralities of said apertures.

10. The instrument of claim 6 wherein said viewing means (48), said screening means (34) and said forming means (22) have equal pluralities of said apertures distributed in aligned arrays.

11. The instrument of claim 6 wherein said viewing means (48) is spatially disposed between said first intensifying means (26) and said screening means (34), for inverting each of said plurality of intensified mini-images provided by said first intensifying means via said plurality of uniform apertures;

and

said second intensifying means (42) is spatially disposed between said viewing means (48) and said screening means (34);

whereby said screening means (34) reconstructs from said intensified plurality of inverted visible-light mini-images a composite orthoscopic image of said object, having vertical and horizontal parallax.

12. The instrument of claim 11 wherein said viewing means (48) and said screening means (34) have equal pluralities of said apertures.

13. The instrument of claim 11 wherein said viewing means (48) and said screening means (34) have equal pluralities of said apertures distributed in planar arrays of identical geometric pattern.

14. The instrument of claim 11 wherein said viewing means (48), said screening means (34) and said forming means (22) have equal pluralities of said apertures.

15. The instrument of claim 11 wherein said viewing means (48), said screening means (34) and said forming means (22) have equal pluralities of said apertures distributed in aligned arrays.

16. An instrument for viewing x-ray and gamma-ray emitting objects, comprising:

a first plate of a material impenetrable to x-rays and gamma-rays, having a planar array of discrete apertures of equal cross-sectional area for passage of x-rays and gamma-rays emitted by an object;

means spaced apart in a plane parallel to said first plate, for converting said x-rays and said gamma rays passed by said first plate into visible light;

a first image intensifier coupled to said converting means to receive said visible light and emit intensified visible-light mini-images; and

a second plate spaced apart in a plane parallel to said first image intensifier opposite said converting means and having an array of discrete apertures of equal cross-sectional area for viewing a three-dimensional image of said object reconstructed from said intensified visible-light mini-images.

17. The instrument of claim 16, further comprising:

a third plate disposed between said first image intensifier and said second plate, having an array of discrete apertures of equal cross-sectional area providing individual inversion of intensified visible-light mini-images emitted by said first image intensifier; and

a second image intensifier disposed between said second and said third plates to receive and provide intensification of said intensified visible-light mini-images inverted by said third plate.

18. The instrument of claim 16 wherein said arrays of apertures in said first and said second plates are distributed across surfaces of said first and said second plates in an identical pattern.

19. The instrument of claim 16 wherein said first image intensifier has an emitting surface adjacent and spaced apart from said second plate and said first and said second plates are spaced apart from said converting means and said emitting surface by equal distances.