High speed multi focal plane optical system

• US 4,407,563 A
• Filed: 12/22/1981
• Issued: 10/04/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Administrator of National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Inventors: Minott, Peter O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Henry, Jon W.
• Application Number:
  US06/333,535
• Time in Patent Office: 651 Days
• Field of Search: 350/173, 350/171, 350/169, 350/172, 350/174, 350/170, 350/445, 350/286, 350/287
• US Class Current: 359/583
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/08 Catadioptric systems used in non-imaging applications G02B19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/0852 having a field corrector only
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/086 wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/0896 with variable magnification or multiple imaging planes, including multispectral systems systems with only refractive elements G02B15/14
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/1006 for splitting or combining different wavelengths G02B27/1086, G02B27/141 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/106 for splitting or combining a plurality of identical beams or images, e.g. image replication
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/144 using partially transparent surfaces without spectral selectivity G02B27/147 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/145 having sequential partially reflecting surfaces

Abstract

Apparatus for eliminating beamsplitter generated optical aberrations in a pupil concentric optical system providing a plurality of spatially separated images on different focal planes or surfaces (30, 56). The system employs a buried surface beamsplitter (40, 40'"'"') having spherically curved entrance (42) and exit faces (44, 54, 74, 76) which are concentric to a system aperture stop (10) with the entrance face being located in the path of a converging light beam (34) directed thereto from an image forming objective element (12) which is also concentric to the aperture stop.

Claims

1. A pupil concentric optical imaging system comprising:

an aperture stop (10);

an image forming objective including a first optical element (12) concentric with said aperture stop (10) and adapted to converge a light beam (16) impinging thereon from said aperture stop, and

a second optical element (40) situated in the path of said converging beam (34) from said first optical element (12), said second optical element (40) including an entrance face (42) and at least two exit faces (44,

     54) from which images emerge to at least two focal surfaces (30,

     56), said entrance and exit faces (42, 44,

     54) being curved and optically concentric to said aperture stop (10).

2. The apparatus as defined by claim 1 wherein said first optical element (12) includes a curved reflective surface (14) and wherein said entrance face (42) and said exit faces (44, 54) are convexly curved towards said reflective surface (12) whereby a plurality of angularly offset images projected by separate light beams (16, 20, 22) to said aperture stop (10) forms a respective plurality of spatially separated images on said focal surfaces (30, 56).

3. Apparatus for eliminating predetermined optical aberrations generated by a beamsplitter in a pupil concentric optical system comprising:

an aperture stop (10);

at least one image forming objective including at least one light energy converging means (12) concentric with said aperture stop (10) and adapted to converge a light beam (16) impinging thereon from said aperture stop, and

a beamsplitter (40) situated in the path of a converging light beam (34) from said converging means (12), said beamsplitter including an entrance face (42) and at least two exit faces (44,

     54) from which respective images emerge, said entrance and exit faces being curved and optically concentric to said aperture stop (10).

4. The apparatus as defined by claim 3 wherein said beamsplitter (40) comprises a buried surface beamsplitting element.

5. The apparatus as defined by claim 4 wherein said curved entrance face (42) has a curvature which is substantially perpendicular to all parts of the field of view of said system.

6. The apparatus as defined by claim 4 wherein said curved entrance and exit faces (42, 44, 54) are generally spherical.

7. The apparatus as defined by claim 4 wherein said converging means (12) comprises a generally spherical reflector.

8. The apparatus as defined by claim 7 wherein said beamsplitter (40) is located intermediate said generally spherical reflector (12) and said aperture stop (10) and wherein said exit faces (44, 54) are generally spherical and concave and said entrance face (42) is generally spherical and convex and directed to said generally spherical reflector (12).

9. The apparatus as defined by claim 8 wherein the spherical curvature of said entrance face (42) substantially matches the spherical curvature of the face (14) of said reflector (12).

10. The apparatus as defined by claim 4 wherein said buried surface beamsplitting element (40) includes at least one partially reflective interior surface (48) angularly oriented with respect to the said structure face (42) and wherein said exit faces (44, 54) are located on each side of said partially reflective interior surface (48).

11. The apparatus as defined by claim 3 wherein said beamsplitter (40) further comprises a buried surface beamsplitter (40'"'"') including a plurality of exit faces (44, 54, 74, 76), each of said exit faces being respectively optically concentric to the aperture stop (10) and forming thereby a respective plurality of images of said light beam (16) on different focal surfaces (30, 56, 84, 86).

12. The apparatus as defined by claim 11 wherein said buried surface beamsplitter (40'"'"') includes a plurality of partially reflective interior surfaces (48, 72, 78) angularly oriented with respect to said entrance free (42) and wherein a respective exit face of said plurality of exit faces (44, 54, 74, 76) is located on each side of said plurality of partially reflective interior surfaces (48, 72, 78).

13. The apparatus as defined by claim 12 wherein said beamsplitter (40'"'"') is comprised of a plurality of pentagonal segments (58, 60, 62), each of said segments having a respective partially reflective buried interior surface (48, 72, 78).

14. The apparatus as defined by claim 4 and additionally including corrector plate means (32) located at said aperture stop (10).

15. The apparatus as defined by claim 4 wherein said beamsplitter (40, 40'"'"') is dichroic.

16. The apparatus as defined by claim 15 wherein said dichroic beamsplitter (40, 40'"'"') includes path lengths for the output legs which are compensated for wavelength changes of said light beam.

17. The apparatus as defined by claim 15 wherein said dichroic beamsplitter (40, 40'"'"') includes exit faces (44, 54, 74, 76) which are generally spherical and having radii which compensate for wavelength changes of said light beam.