Vibration analyzing apparatus and method

• US 4,408,285 A
• Filed: 02/02/1981
• Issued: 10/04/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fifth Third Bank (Fifth Third Bancorporation)
• Original Assignee: IRD Mechanalysis, Inc.
• Inventors: Stoutenburg, Donn V., Davis, Dean T., Morrow, Robert S., Sisson, Edwin D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Krass, Errol A.
• Application Number:
  US06/230,660
• Time in Patent Office: 974 Days
• Field of Search: 364/508, 364/550, 364/551, 364/552, 364/554, 364/507, 73/570, 73/577, 73/602, 73/618, 346/7
• US Class Current: 702/56
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 1/00 Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector G01H9/00, G01H11/00 take precedence

Abstract

Apparatus and method utilized in carrying out vibrational analysis wherein the output of a vibration monitoring transducer is treated by filtering in stepped fashion over a broad spectrum of frequencies. The stepped filtering is provided utilizing minimum dwell intervals at lower frequencies as determined by the number of steps involved per given bandwidth. A readout form of continuous printing provides a histographic analysis of amplitude and frequency and, optionally, an amplitude readout with respect to elapsed time. For the histographic readout, amplitude is plotted as a series of characters in linear form commencing with half peak amplitude and extending toward peak. Test and calibration procedures are provided for facilitating on site testing as well as servicing calibration procedures.

Claims

1. Apparatus for use in carrying out vibration analysis of a variety operable in conjunction with transducers having a vibration responsive output, comprising:

conditioning means for selectively treating said vibration responsive output in accordance with a select vibrational parameter to provide a parameter related signal;

filter means selectively responsive to said parameter related signal, tunable over a predetermined range of frequencies in response to stepped inputs applied thereto in numbers of n steps per selected bandwidth for providing corresponding filtered output signals;

analog-to-digital converter means selectively responsive to said filtered output signals for deriving digital characterized signals corresponding therewith;

printer means responsive to print signals for generating a printout of data indicative of amplitude values corresponding with each one of said n steps and said filter output signals;

level switch means having a plurality of orientation responsive electible output conditions, each corresponding with a predetermined scale factor for said vibration responsive output; and

control means responsive to said analog-to-digital converter means digital characterized signals, including processor means having memory means for effecting the deviation of said stepped inputs in correspondence with each of said n steps, said processor means deriving said print signals for effecting a said printer means printout of a frequency labeled, graphically represented pattern corresponding with said selected parameter, said processor means being responsive to an elected said level switch means output condition for effecting a said printer means printout of said pattern in combination with an amplitude scale pattern corresponding with said scale factor.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said value, n, consists of a positive number.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which n is a positive number having a value of at least about 3.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said control means processor means derives said stepped inputs in correspondence with each of said n steps, such that each said step has a dwell interval at least equivalent to KQ² /(1+K)f, as n approaches infinity, where Q is the quality factor of said filter means, K, is a constant expressing the relationship between successive step dependent center frequencies, and f is the center frequency associated with a given, next preceding one of said n steps.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 including:

converter means for deriving said parameter related signal as an amplitude related d.c. signal; and

analog meter means responsive to said d.c. amplitude related signal for providing a visual indication of scale and analysis acceptability.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 including:

test signal oscillator means energizable to effect the assertion of a test signal of predetermined frequency and amplitude at said filter means; and

means for selectively effecting said test signal oscillator means energization.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 in which:

said control means processor means derives said print signals to effect a said printer means printout of data indicative of said amplitude values in histographic format.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 in which said processor means is responsive to said digital characterized signals for deriving said print signals to effect a said printer means printout of each said amplitude value in linear form commencing with a position representing a predetermined fraction of peak value of said amplitude and extending in increasing amplitude value therefrom.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 in which said predetermined fraction is one-half.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 in which n is a positive number having a value of at least about 3.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 including:

converter means for deriving said parameter related signals as amplitude related, d.c. signals;

function switch means actuable for selectively coupling said amplitude related, d.c. signals to said converter means to effect derivation of said digital characterized signals representing said amplitude related d.c. signals; and

said control means processor means is responsive to said function switch means actuation for deriving said print signals in correspondence with said digital characterized signals representing said amplitude related d.c. signals and effecting a said printer means printout of a continuous, time increment defining and labeled graphically represented succession of reference lines.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 including:

test signal oscillator means energizable to effect the assertion of a test signal of predetermined frequency and amplitude at said converter means; and

means for selectively effecting said test signal oscillator means energization.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 in which:

said processor means derives a sequence of control outputs, each corresponding with a predetermined dwell interval; and

including tuning means responsive to said processor means control outputs for deriving and applying said stepped inputs to said filter means.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 in which:

said processor means derives a sequence of control outputs, each corresponding with a select one of said n steps;

said control means includes counter means actuable in response to each said control output for deriving a corresponding unique digital signal of a predetermined sequence thereof; and

digital-to-analog converter means responsive to each said counter means unique digital signal for deriving each said stepped input to said filter means as a predetermined voltage level.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 in which said filter means is present as a voltage tunable variety exhibiting a constant Q characteristic wherein the passband center frequency thereof is selectible as an exponential function of said predetermined voltage level.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 in which:

said counter means is configured for asserting said unique digital output to said digital-to-analog converter means and, in response to an advance test signal, conveying said digital output to said processor means; and

said processor means includes means for asserting a predetermined test digital signal to said counter means in association with a said advance test signal for carrying out a comparison test to said counter means output with said asserted test digital signal.

17. Apparatus for use in carrying out vibrational anaylsis of a variety operable in conjunction with transducers having a vibration responsive output, comprising:

connector means for receiving a tachometer signal present as a sequence of pulses each corresponding with a revolution of a component of a device under analysis and having an output condition when operatively associated with said tachometer;

conditioning means for selectively treating said vibration responsive output in accordance with a select vibrational parameter to provide a parameter related signal;

filter means selectively responsive to said parameter related signal, tunable over a predetermined range of frequencies in response to stepped inputs applied thereto in numbers of n steps per selected bandwidth for providing corresponding filtered output signals;

analog-to-digital converter means selectively responsive to said filtered output signals for deriving digital characterized signals corresponding therewith;

printer means responsive to print signals for generating a printout of data indicative of amplitude values corresponding with each one of said n steps, and a printout of rotational rate in revolutions per minute; and

control means responsive to said analog-to-digital converter means digital characterized signals for effecting the derivation of said print signals and said stepped inputs in correspondence with each of said n steps, said control means including processor means responsive to said sequence of pulses in the presence of said output condition for accumulating said pulses over a predetermined interval, applying a multiplication factor to the accumulated value thereof and generating print signals corresponding with the product thereof.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 including:

level switch means having a plurality of selectible output conditions each corresponding with a predetermined scale factor for said vibration responsive output; and

said control means processor means is responsive to said level switch means selected output condition for effecting a said printer means printout of said reference lines in combination with an amplitude scale pattern corresponding with said scale factor.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 in which n is a positive integer having a value of at least about 3.

20. Apparatus for use in carrying out vibrational analysis of a variety operable in conjunction with transducers having a vibration responsive output, comprising

signal treatment means for treating said vibration responsive output and including filter means responsive to progressively varying stepped tuning inputs applied thereto in numbers of n steps per selected bandwidth for providing corresponding filtered output signals over a predetermined range of frequencies and relating vibrational frequency values with corresponding amplitude values;

level switch means having a plurality of orientation responsive electible output conditions, each corresponding with a predetermined scale factor for said vibration responsive output;

analog-to-digital converter means responsive to said filtered output signals for deriving digital characterized signals corresponding therewith;

readout means responsive to input signals for generating a visual readout representing a plurality of amplitude values corresponding with said related frequency values; and

control means responsive to said analog-to-digital converter means digital characterized signals and including processor means for deriving said tuning inputs and for deriving said input signals to said readout means in correspondence with each said step to effect a said visual readout in substantially histographic form wherein selected ones of said amplitude values are represented as a substantially linear form image component formed in correspondence with each said step, each said image component commencing with a position of said amplitude representing a predetermined fraction of peak value of said amplitude and extending in increasing amplitude value therefrom toward said peak value, said processor means being responsive to an elected said level switch means output condition and including memory retaining data retrievable for effecting a said visual readout of a frequency labeled, graphically represented pattern in combination with an amplitude scale pattern corresponding with said scale factor.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 in which said predetermined fraction is one-half.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 in which said readout means comprises printer means responsive to said input signals for progressively generating a printout on a paper medium as said visual readout.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 in which said filter means is a state variable filter.

26. The apparatus of claim 20 in which n is a positive integer having a value of at least about 3.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 in which said readout means comprises printer means responsive to said input signals for progressively generating a printout on a paper medium as said visual readout.

28. The apparatus of claim 20 in which said predetermined fraction is one-half.

29. The apparatus of claim 20 in which said readout means comprises printer means responsive to said input signals for progressively generating a printout on a paper medium as said visual readout.

30. The apparatus of claim 20 including:

test signal oscillator means energizable to effect the assertion of a test signal of predetermined frequency and amplitude at said filter means; and

means for selectively effecting said test signal oscillator means energization.

31. The apparatus of claim 20 in which said frequency labeled pattern is logrithmic.

32. The apparatus of claim 20 in which:

said signal treatment means includes conditioning means for selectively treating said vibration responsive output in accordance with a select vibrational parameter to provide a parameter related signal; and

said filter means is selectively responsive to said parameter related signal to provide said filtered output signals.

33. The apparatus of claim 32 including:

converter means for deriving said parameter related signal as an amplitude related, d.c. signal; and

analog meter means responsive to said d.c. amplitude related signal for providing a visual indication of scale and analysis acceptability.

34. The apparatus of claim 32 including:

converter means for deriving said parameter related signals as amplitude related, d.c. signals;

function switch means actuable for selectively coupling said amplitude related, d.c. signals to said converter means to effect derivation of said digital characterized signals representing said amplitude related d.c. signals; and

said processor means is responsive to said function switch means actuation for deriving said printer means input signals in correspondence with said digital chracterized signals representing said amplitude related d.c. signals and effecting a printer means printout of a continuous, time increment defining and labeled graphically represented succession of reference lines.

24. The apparatus of clalim 20 in which said filter means is a state variable filter incorporating multiplying digital-to-analog converters responsive to said tuning inputs.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 in which said tuning inputs are generated and applied to said state variable filter directly from said processor means.

35. Apparatus for use in carrying out vibrational analysis of a variety operable in conjunction with transducers having a vibration responsive output comprising:

signal treatment means for treating said vibration responsive output and including filter means responsive to progressively varying stepped tuning inputs applied thereto in numbers of n steps per selected bandwidth over a predetermined range of frequencies for providing corresponding filtered output signals relating vibrational frequency values with corresponding amplitude values;

level switch means having a plurality of orientation responsive electible output conditions, each corresponding with a predetermined scale factor for said vibration responsive output;

analog-to-digital converter means responsive to said filtered output signals for deriving digital characterized signals corresponding therewith;

readout means responsive to input signals for generating a visual readout representing a plurality of amplitude values corresponding with said related frequency values in a graphically represented pattern; and

control means responsive to said analog-to-digital converter means digital characterized signals for effecting the derivation of said readout means input signals and said stepped inputs in correspondence with each of said n steps such that each said step has a dwell interval at least equivalent to KQ² /(1+K)f as n approaches infinity, where Q is the quality factor of said filter means, K is a constant expressing the relationship between successive, step dependent center frequencies, and f is the center frequency extant at a given, next preceding one of said n steps, said processor means being responsive to an elected said level switch means output condition for effecting a said visual readout of said pattern in combination with an amplitude scale pattern corresponding with said scale factor.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 in which said control means includes processor means for deriving said input signals to said readout means to effect a said visual readout in substantially histographic form wherein said amplitude values are represented as linear form image components, each commencing with a position of said amplitude representing a predetermined fraction of peak value of said amplitude and extending in increasing amplitude value therefrom toward said peak value.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 in which said predetermined fraction is one-half.

38. The apparatus of claim 36 in which n is a positive integer having a value of at least about 3.

39. The apparatus of claim 35 in which said readout means comprises printer means responsive to said input signals for progressively generating a printout on a paper medium as said visual readout.

40. The method for deriving a readout of the vibrational aspects of a dynamic device, comprising the steps of:

monitoring said device by transducer operational association therewith to provide a vibration responsive output;

providing a filter for filtering said vibration responsive output in stepwise fashion over a predetermined range of frequencies by applying tuning inputs thereto in numbers of n steps per selected bandwidth, each such step having a dwell interval at least equivalent to KQ² /(1+K)f as n approaches infinity, where Q is the quality factor of said filter, K is a constant expressing the relationship between successive, step dependent center frequencies, and f is a center frequency associated with a given, next preceding one of said n steps;

providing a level selection switch having a plurality of orientation responsive electible output conditions, each corresponding with a predetermined scale factor for said vibration responsive output;

actuating said level selection switch to elect a select said output condition;

deriving a succession of filtered output signals; and

providing a frequency vs. amplitude value readout in response to said digital signals, said amplitude readout being effected in conjunction with an amplitude scale pattern corresponding with said elected output condition.

41. The method of claim 40 in which said readout is provided in histographic format.

42. The method of claim 41 in which said readout is provided in a manner wherein said amplitude values are represented as linear form image components corresponding with each said step, each said component commencing with a graphic position of said amplitude value representing a predetermined fraction of peak value of said amplitude and extending in increasing amplitude value therefrom toward said peak value.

43. The method of claim 42 in which said fraction is one-half.

44. The method of claim 42 in which n is an integer having a value of at least about 3.

45. The method for deriving a readout of the vibrational aspects of a dynamic device comprising the steps of:

operationally associating a transducer with said device to provide a vibration responsive output;

providing a level selection switch having a plurality of orientation responsive electible output conditions, each corresponding with a predetermined scale factor for said vibration responsive output;

actuating said level selection switch to elect a select said output condition;

providing a filter treatment of said vibration responsive output in a manner deriving a stepped output, each such step corresponding with a predetermined frequency and n such steps being generated per selected filter bandwidth; and

treating said stepped output to provide a visual readout of amplitude vs. frequency values in histographic format wherein said amplitude values are represented as linear form image components corresponding with each said step, each said component commencing with a graphic position of said amplitude representing a predetermined fraction of peak value thereof and extending in increasing amplitude value therefrom toward said peak value, said amplitude image components being graphically presented in conjunction with an amplitude scale pattern corresponding with said elected output condition.

46. The method of claim 45 in which n is an integer having a value of at least 3.

47. The method of claim 45 in which said fraction is one-half.