Process for removing contaminants from a stream of methane gas

• US 4,409,102 A
• Filed: 11/27/1981
• Issued: 10/11/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 11/27/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Central Plastics Co. (Georg Fischer AG)
• Original Assignee: Central Plastics Co. (Georg Fischer AG)
• Inventors: Tanner, Milton R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Spitzer, Robert H.
• Application Number:
  US06/325,327
• Time in Patent Office: 683 Days
• Field of Search: 55/30, 55/31, 55/33, 55/48, 55/73, 210/603, 210/604, 423/230, 423/231
• US Class Current: 210/603
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1462 Removing mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/20 by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases degasification of liquids in general B01D19/00; arrangement of degassing apparatus in boiler feed supply F22D
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/72 by oxidation C02F1/4672 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 3/30 Aerobic and anaerobic processes
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 7/11 by absorption, i.e. purification or separation of gaseous hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 9/04 Methane production by treatment of sewage C02F11/04; natural gas, synthetic natural gas C10L3/06
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 21/04 for producing gas, e.g. biogas digesters for manure with production of biogas A01C3/028, biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage C02F3/00, C02F11/02, preparation of natural gas or syngas C10L3/06, C10L3/10
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 47/18 Gas cleaning, e.g. scrubbers; Separation of different gases separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours B01D45/00; separation of gases or vapours B01D53/00; gas washing apparatus for laboratory uses B01L5/04
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/30 Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/59 Biological synthesis; Biological purification
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 10/10 Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

A feed stream of digester gas from an anaerobic process is compressed to a predetermined pressure of about 300 p.s.i.g. and fed into an absorber at that pressure. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide impurities of this feed stream are absorbed in the absorber by counterflowing water. Water from the absorber may be fed back to an activated sludge sewage treatment facility where the hydrogen sulfide is oxidized and the carbon dioxide released. As an alternative to the absorber, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized in an iron sponge reaction. Alternately, these contaminants are stripped with air and vented. Treated gas from the absorber, essentially methane, is either compressed for introduction into storage tanks, or dried and used as pipeline gas. In the dryer, adsorbed moisture is removed by air, followed by a purge with treated gas.

Claims

1. A process for removing contaminants of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from a low pressure, methane containing feed stream from an anaerobic process comprising:

(a) compressing the feed stream to an intermediate pressure;

(b) removing substantially all the hydrogen sulfide from the feed stream at the intermediate pressure;

(c) compressing the feed stream after the hydrogen sulfide removal step to an absorption pressure that is greater than the intermediate pressure;

(d) absorbing substantially all the carbon dioxide in the stream at the absorption pressure in water in an absorber to produce a treated gas stream;

(e) stripping the carbon dioxide from the water at a pressure lower than the absorption pressure; and

(f) recycling the water into the absorber to absorb further carbon dioxide.

2. The process claimed in claim 1 including the step of compressing the treated gas stream to a pressure adequate to charge high pressure storage tanks.

3. The process claimed in claim 1 including the step of drying the treated gas stream to remove substantially all the moisture.

4. The process claimed in claim 3 wherein the drying step is by adsorption.

5. The process claimed in claim 4 wherein adsorption is effected in at least two air dryer adsorbers, and including the steps of periodically taking each adsorber off line while the other adsorber remains on line and removing the moisture from the off line adsorber by evaporation to atmosphere.

6. The process claimed in claim 1 wherein the compression step is effected in a compressor of at least two stages, and the hydrogen sulfide is removed by oxidizing it in an iron sponge reaction between compression stages.

7. The process claimed in claim 6 wherein the treated gas stream is substantially dried in at least two air dryer adsorbers, and including the steps of periodically taking each adsorber off line while the other adsorber remains on line and removing the moisture from the off line adsorber by evaporation to atmosphere.

8. A process for removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from a feed stream containing them and methane comprising the steps of:

(a) forming the feed stream containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and methane from an anaerobic process;

(b) compressing the feed stream to an absorption pressure in a compressor of at least two stages;

(c) removing the hydrogen sulfide from the feed stream by oxidation in an iron sponge reaction between compression stages and at a pressure less than the pressure after the second compression stage; and

(d) absorbing the carbon dioxide in the feed stream at the absorption pressure in water to produce a treated gas stream of primarily methane.

9. The process claimed in claim 8 including the step of compressing the treated gas stream.

10. The process claimed in claim 8 including the step of removing substantially all the water from the treated gas stream.

11. The process claimed in claim 10 wherein the removal step is by adsorption in at least two air dryer adsorbers, and including the steps of periodically and sequentially diverting the treated gas stream from each of the adsorbers and removing the water from the diverted adsorber by evaporation to atmosphere.

12. A process for purifying a feed gas stream of methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide by removal of the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, comprising the steps of:

(a) compressing the feed gas stream to an intermediate pressure;

(b) removing a substantial portion of the hydrogen sulfide from the feed gas stream at the intermediate pressure;

(c) compressing the feed gas stream after the hydrogen sulfide removal step to an absorption pressure that is greater than the intermediate pressure;

(d) absorbing the carbon dioxide from the feed gas stream in an absorber at the absorber pressure in water from a water treatment facility to obtain a treated gas stream;

(e) passing the water with the absorbed hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide to the water treatment facility; and

(f) compressing the treated gas stream to a pressure suitable for introduction into high pressure storage tanks.

13. The process claimed in claim 12 including the step of removing substantially all the moisture from the treated gas stream.

14. The process claimed in claim 13 wherein the moisture is removed in at least two air dryer adsorbers, and including the steps of periodically and sequentially taking each adsorber off line and removing its moisture by evaporation into air.