Refractive index switchable display cell

• US 4,411,495 A
• Filed: 04/15/1981
• Issued: 10/25/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: AT&T Intellectual Property I LP (AT&T, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Beni, Gerardo, Hackwood, Susan, Craighead, Harold G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Corbin, John K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US06/254,509
• Time in Patent Office: 923 Days
• Field of Search: 350/347 R, 350/347 V, 350/330, 350/331 R, 350/353, 350/355, 350/356, 350/357, 350/390, 350/391, 350/267, 350/347 E, 350/375, 350/346, 350/312, 350/313
• US Class Current: 349/91
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1334 based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/172 based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/195 by using frustrated reflection digital reflection using controlled total internal reflection G02F1/315

Abstract

A display cell having at least two states of different opacity, comprises a first material having a first index of refraction, a second material dispersed within the first material and having a second index of refraction, the difference between the first and the second indices of refraction being variable over a range of values, and means for varying the difference in index of refraction over a portion of the range. When the indices of refraction of the first and second material are substantially the same, the display is substantially transparent. Otherwise it is opaque or substantially less transparent.

Claims

1. A display cell which comprises:

a first optically nonabsorbing material having a first index of refraction;

a second optically nonabsorbing material dispersed within said first material and having a second index of refraction, the difference between said first and said second indices of refraction being variable over a range of values; and

electrode means disposed about a portion of said first optically nonabsorbing material for establishing an electric field in said first and second optically nonabsorbing materials which changes said difference over a portion of said range, so that said display cell has varying degrees of opacity and each degree of opacity is substantially uniform over the visible light spectrum.

2. A display in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least one of said electrodes is transparent.

3. A display in accordance with claim 2 wherein said second optically nonabsorbing material is an anistropic suspension.

4. A display in accordance with claim 2 wherein said second optically nonabsorbing material is a liquid crystal material.

5. A display in accordance with claim 2 wherein said second optically nonabsorbing material is a solution of anisotropic molecules.

6. A display in accordance with claim 2 wherein said second optically nonabsorbing material is a solid material.

7. A display in accordance with claim 6 wherein said solid material is Lithium Niobate.

8. A display cell which comprises:

a first optically nonabsorbing material having a first index of refraction;

a second optically nonabsorbing material dispersed within said first material and having a second index of refraction, the difference between said first and said second indices of refraction being variable over a range of values;

electrode means disposed about a portion of said first optically nonabsorbing material for establishing an electric field in said first and second optically nonabsorbing materials which changes said difference over a portion of said range, so that said display cell has varying degrees of opacity; and

said second optically nonabsorbing material is an anisotropic suspension comprising TiO₂ in H₂ O.

9. A display cell which comprises:

a first optically nonabsorbing material having a first index of refraction;

a second optically nonabsorbing material dispersed within said first material and having a second index of refraction, the difference between said first and said second indices of refraction being variable over a range of values, said second optically nonabsorbing material being a liquid crystal material; and

means for providing and varying a magnetic field disposed to pass through at least a portion of said liquid crystal material to change said difference over a portion of said range, so that said display cell has varying degrees of opacity and each degree of opacity is substantially uniform over the visible light spectrum.

10. A display cell which comprises:

a first optically nonabsorbing material having a first index of refraction;

a second optically nonabsorbing material dispersed within said first material and having a second index of refraction, the difference between said first and said second indices of refraction being variable over a range of values, said second optically nonabsorbing material being napthalene; and

means for applying heat to said first and second optically nonabsorbing materials to cause a phase transition in said napthalene which changes said difference over a portion of said range, so that said display cell has varying degrees of opacity.