Method and apparatus for joining materials

• US 4,417,753 A
• Filed: 05/21/1981
• Issued: 11/29/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 05/21/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Baxter Travenol Laboratories Incorporated (Baxter International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Baxter Travenol Laboratories Incorporated (Baxter International Inc.)
• Inventors: Bacehowski, David, Zabielski, Kenneth, Measells, Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Weston, Caleb
• Application Number:
  US06/265,933
• Time in Patent Office: 922 Days
• Field of Search: 156/73.1, 156/272.2, 156/293, 156/294, 156/309.3, 156/310, 156/304.2, 156/304.3, 156/313, 156/314, 285/15, 285/21, 285/31, 285/32, 285/291, 285/381, 285/423, 285/DIG. 16, 403/179, 403/185, 403/192, 403/270, 403/280, 403/286, 403/292, 403/345, 403/377, 403/405, 403/408, 428/411, 428/480
• US Class Current: 285/21.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 1/10 Bag-type containers
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 35/0227 using pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves, vulcanising pans B29C35/065 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/02 by heating, with or without pressure
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/04 Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding , i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/4895 Solvent bonding, i.e. the surfaces of the parts to be joined being treated with solvents, swelling or softening agents, without adhesives
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/5021 being multi-layered
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/5057 positioned between the surfaces to be joined B29C65/5035 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/1122 Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints B29C66/45, B29C66/472, B29C66/52272 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/5221 for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/52298 said socket being composed by several elements
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/53262 Enclosing spouts between the walls of bags, e.g. of medical bags
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/5344 said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends B29C66/5346 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/71 characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined welding bar compositions B29C65/125
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/712 the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/723 being multi-layered B29C66/7292, B29C66/72941 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/73116 of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/73921 characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/00 Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/06 PE, i.e. polyethylene
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/083 EVA, i.e. ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2027/06 : PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2031/04 : Polymers of vinyl acetate, e.g. PVAc, i.e. polyvinyl acetate
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/0085 : Copolymers
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2023/22 : Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid bent tubes not for use as pipe couplings B29L2023/004
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/7148 : Blood bags, medical bags
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 47/02 : Welded joints; Adhesive joints

Abstract

A method and apparatus for joining sealingly incompatible plastic materials is disclosed. A coextruded connector (10) with separate, telescopically related layers (12,14) is affixed to one of the materials. The outer layer (14) of connector (10) is composed of a polymer specifically selected to melt or deform at a temperature lower than that of inner layer (12). The connector is frictionally fit within a second material to be joined and the connection is heated to a temperature sufficient to melt or deform outer layer (14) without melting inner layer (12). Outer layer 14 is thereby securely fused to the second material or blood container.

A secondary embodiment is disclosed for joining materials of similar composition. Two coextruded connectors (40,46), having telescopically related layers composed of different polymer materials, are formed, as above, but the layer sequence of each connector is opposite to the other. The connectors (40,46) are sized to frictionally fit one within the other and the layers (42,48) in facing contact are composed of a material selected to melt or deform at a temperature lower than the nonfacing layers (44,50). For joining, the connectors (40,46) are affixed to the materials to be joined and then fit one within the other. The connection is then heated to a temperature sufficient to cause the lower melting, facing layers (42,48) to fuse together.

Claims

1. A method for joining materials comprising:

fusing a first thermoplastic material to a first layer of a connector, said connector having telescopically related first and second layers, said layers being made of essentially different thermoplastic components, the primary component of said second layer being selected to melt or deform at a lower temperature than said first layer, and;

fusing said connector to a second thermoplastic material, by heating said connector to a temperature sufficient to melt or deform said second layer without melting or deforming said first layer, whereby, said second layer bonds to said second thermoplastic material.

2. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first layer is essentially composed of polyvinyl chloride and said second layer is essentially composed of poly(ethyl-vinyl acetate).

3. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first material is essentially composed of polyvinyl chloride and said second material is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefin;

polyolefin/poly(ethyl-vinyl acetate) copolymer;

polyethylene, and a combination thereof.

4. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first material is fused to said first layer by solvent bonding.

5. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein said connector is fused to said second thermoplastic material by heat using radio frequency energy.

7. A connector for joining materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first layer is essentially composed of polyvinyl chloride and said second layer is essentially composed of poly(ethyl-vinyl acetate).

8. A connector for joining materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first material is essentially composed of polyvinyl chloride and said second material is a polymer selected from the group, polyolefin, polyolefin/poly(ethyl-vinyl acetate) copolymer, polyethylene and a combination thereof.

10. A connector as claimed in claim 1 wherein said outer layer is capable of being sealed to said second material by heating and fusing together of said outer layer and said second material.

12. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first material and said second material are essentially composed of polymers selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, polyethylene, polyolefin/poly(ethyl-vinyl acetate) copolymer, and a combination thereof.

13. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein the outer and inner layers of said first connector are essentially composed of poly(ethyl-vinyl acetate) and polyvinyl chloride respectively;

and

the outer and inner layers of said second connector are essentially composed of polyvinyl chloride and poly (ethyl-vinyl acetate) respectively.

14. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fitted connectors are heated to said sufficient temperature by autoclaving.

15. A method for joining materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fitted connectors are heated to said sufficient temperature by radio frequency energy.

6. A connector for joining sealingly incompatible thermoplastic materials comprising telescopically related first and second cylindrical layers, said first layer and said second layer comprised of thermoplastic polymers selected to melt or deform at different temperatures, said first layer being capable of fusing to a first thermoplastic material, and said second layer being capable of fusing to a second thermoplastic material sealingly incompatible with said first material.

9. A connector as claimed in claim 6 wherein said first layer is capable of being fused to said first material by solvent bonding means.

11. A method for joining materials by heat sealing comprising:

fusing a first thermoplastic material to a first connector, said first connector having telescopically related inner and outer layers, said layers being composed of essentially different thermoplastic components, the primary component of said outer layer being selected to melt or deform at a lower temperature than said inner layer;

fusing a second thermoplastic material to a second connector, said second connector having telescopically related inner and outer layers, said layers being composed from essentially different components, the primary component of said inner layer being selected to melt or deform at a lower temperature than said outer layer, said first connector being sized to fit within and in contact with said second connector;

fitting said first connector within said second connector such that the outer layer of said first connector and the inner layer of said second connector are in facing contact with each other;

fusing the outer layer of said first connector to the inner layer of said second connector by heating said first and second connectors to a temperature sufficient to melt or deform said layers in facing contact, whereby the layers bond together.