Electrolytic apparatus having a stable reference electrode and method of operating such apparatus

• US 4,426,643 A
• Filed: 04/30/1981
• Issued: 01/17/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Martin, David H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Curtis, Marshall M.
• Application Number:
  US06/259,268
• Time in Patent Office: 992 Days
• Field of Search: 340/763, 340/785, 340/713, 340/802, 350/357, 350/363
• US Class Current: 345/214
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1506 caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/155 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/163 Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2300/0809 Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/063 Waveforms for resetting the whole screen at once
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/38 using electrochromic devices

Abstract

Electrolytic apparatus employing a reference electrode, e.g. an electrochromic display of the type employing potentiostatic control of write or erase operations, has at least one reference electrode on which a predetermined coating thickness of electrochromic or other electrodepositable material is maintained or replenished by intermittent connection of the electrode to a source of write current. Such a coated reference electrode has a stable potential with respect to the solution which is necessary for potentiostatic control. Two such reference electrodes may be used alternately such that one is being erased and rewritten while the other is connected as a reference.

Claims

1. An apparatus for use with a source of electric current and an electrochromic cell having a working electrode, a first reference electrode for sensing the potential of the cell and drive means for depositing material on and removing material from the working electrode, said apparatus comprising

first switching means for connecting the first reference electrode to a first source of electric current to cause deposition of material on the first reference electrode,

second switching means for connecting the first reference electrode to the drive means to provide an indication of the cell potential,

a second reference electrode in said cell, said second electrode adapted to serve as an alternate for the first reference electrode in sensing the potential of the cell, said second electrode adapted to serve as a control during the potentiostatic erasure of the first reference electrode,

third switching means for connecting said second reference electrode to a first source of electric current to cause deposition of material on the second reference electrode,

fourth switching means for connecting said second reference electrode to the drive means to provide an indication of the cell potential, and

reference means connected to said first and second switching means for controlling the deposition of material on the first reference electrode, said reference control means connected to said third and fourth switching means for controlling the deposition of material on said second reference electrode wherein said reference means causes alternate operation between said second and said fourth switching means so that only one of the reference electrodes is always connected to the drive means.

2. An apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said reference control means includes a clock pulse source, a counter and a decode circuit.

3. An apparatus as described in claim 1 including a fifth switching means for connecting one of said reference electrodes to a second source of electric current and to cause the removal of material on said reference electrode.

4. An apparatus as described in claim 3 wherein said second source of current is an offset amplifier.

5. An apparatus as described in claim 3 wherein said second source of current is selectively connectable to the working electrode.