Method and apparatus for real time detection of faults in industrial objects
First Claim
1. A method for detection of object faults, in real time, and comprising the steps of:
- scanning an object to be checked and detecting luminance levels of each of a finite number of dots thereof to provide analog image signals corresponding to each dot and indicative of said luminance levels;
converting said analog signals to corresponding digital signals according to a luminance level scale and storing said digital signals in a memory to provide a digitized object image;
dividing said digitized object image into a predetermined number of areas having a predetermined number of said dots;
calculating standard deviations for digitized luminance values of the dots of each area into which the digitized object image has been divided according to the formula;
##EQU5## wherein;
x1 =luminance value of the individual dots pertaining to an area, andn=number of dots in the area;
storing said standard deviations of said areas;
providing digitized reference standard deviation values corresponding to each of said areas;
comparing each of said standard deviations with said corresponding digitized reference standard deviation values; and
providing a fault signal when a threshold is exceeded during said comparing.
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Abstract
Method and apparatus for the detection of faults in industrial objects and signalling such faults to handling apparatuses. According to the invention, the image is taken of a sample object by a television camera or other sensing device; the image is digitized and stored in a frame memory. The digitized sample (standard) image is then divided into small areas, for each of which the square root of variance (standard deviation) for the luminance levels of dots belonging to each area is calculated and stored. The same operations and elaborations are followed for each object to be checked and the obtained values are compared with those of the sample. When the differences thereof are above predetermined thresholds, an output signal is generated for distinguishing the fault and generally the faulty object and for controlling a handling apparatus for the objects.
54 Citations
11 Claims
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1. A method for detection of object faults, in real time, and comprising the steps of:
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scanning an object to be checked and detecting luminance levels of each of a finite number of dots thereof to provide analog image signals corresponding to each dot and indicative of said luminance levels; converting said analog signals to corresponding digital signals according to a luminance level scale and storing said digital signals in a memory to provide a digitized object image; dividing said digitized object image into a predetermined number of areas having a predetermined number of said dots; calculating standard deviations for digitized luminance values of the dots of each area into which the digitized object image has been divided according to the formula;
##EQU5## wherein;
x1 =luminance value of the individual dots pertaining to an area, andn=number of dots in the area; storing said standard deviations of said areas; providing digitized reference standard deviation values corresponding to each of said areas; comparing each of said standard deviations with said corresponding digitized reference standard deviation values; and providing a fault signal when a threshold is exceeded during said comparing. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. An apparatus for detection of object faults in real time, and comprising:
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means for scanning an object to be checked and detecting luminance levels of each of a finite number of dots thereof to provide analog image signals corresponding to each dot and indicative of said luminance levels; means for converting said analog signals to corresponding digital signals according to a luminance level scale and storing said digital signals in a memory to provide a digitized object image; means for dividing said digitized object image into a predetermined number of areas having a predetermined number of said dots; means for calculating standard deviations for digitized luminance values of the dots of each area into which the digitized object image has been divided according to the formula;
##EQU6## wherein;
x1 =digitized luminance value of the individual dots pertaining to an area, andn=number of dots in the area; means for storing said standard deviations of said areas; means for providing digitized reference standard deviation values corresponding to each of said areas; means for comparing each of said standard deviations with said corresponding digitized reference standard deviation values; and means for providing a fault signal when a threshold is exceeded during said comparing. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11)
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Specification