Method of preparing acrylic ion-transfer membranes
First Claim
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1. A process for forming ion-transfer membranes which comprises the following steps in sequence:
- preparing a reaction mixture consisting essentially of;
(A) a major, non-ionic component selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic acrylic monomer having the formula;
##STR4## where R is H or CH3 and R1 is methyl, ethyl or butyl, and mixtures of two or more of said hydrophobic monomers;
(B) a minor, ionogenous acrylic monomer component selected from the group consisting of;
(i) acrylic acid;
(ii) methacrylic acid;
(iii) monomers represented by the formula;
##STR5## wherein;
R is H or CH3,and X is ##STR6## R1 is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl, andZ- is a halide, acetate, or methyl sulfate ion; and
, (iv) mixtures of two or more of said ionogenous acrylic monomers; and
(C) an organic solvent,wherein the concentration of said major, non-ionic component in said solvent is in the range 2.5 to 7.5 molar, and the concentration of said minor, ionogenous component in said solvent is in the range 0.10 to 0.75 molar, and wherein the molar concentration of said ionogenous component is between 3 and 12% of the total monomer content in said reaction mixture;
depositing a thin film of said reaction mixture on a substrate; and
heating said deposited film in a substantially oxygen-free environment at a temperature between 55 degrees C. and 80 degrees C.
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Abstract
Ion exchange resins can be prepared by co-polymerizing a major amount (>88 mol %) of non-ionic acrylic monomer, such as methyl methacrylate, with a minor amount (3 to 12 mol %) of an ionogenous monomer such as methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride or 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid. The resultant anion-conductive or cation conductive membranes exhibit low swelling in water and high ion-transference numbers. The membranes may be applied as coatings on neural prosthesis electrodes.
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Citations
23 Claims
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1. A process for forming ion-transfer membranes which comprises the following steps in sequence:
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preparing a reaction mixture consisting essentially of; (A) a major, non-ionic component selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic acrylic monomer having the formula;
##STR4## where R is H or CH3 and R1 is methyl, ethyl or butyl, and mixtures of two or more of said hydrophobic monomers;(B) a minor, ionogenous acrylic monomer component selected from the group consisting of;
(i) acrylic acid;
(ii) methacrylic acid;
(iii) monomers represented by the formula;
##STR5## wherein;
R is H or CH3,and X is ##STR6## R1 is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl, and Z- is a halide, acetate, or methyl sulfate ion; and
, (iv) mixtures of two or more of said ionogenous acrylic monomers; and(C) an organic solvent, wherein the concentration of said major, non-ionic component in said solvent is in the range 2.5 to 7.5 molar, and the concentration of said minor, ionogenous component in said solvent is in the range 0.10 to 0.75 molar, and wherein the molar concentration of said ionogenous component is between 3 and 12% of the total monomer content in said reaction mixture; depositing a thin film of said reaction mixture on a substrate; and heating said deposited film in a substantially oxygen-free environment at a temperature between 55 degrees C. and 80 degrees C. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11)
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8. A process for forming ion-transfer membranes which comprises the following steps in sequence:
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preparing a reaction mixture consisting essentially of; (A) a major, non-ionic component selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic acrylic monomer having the formula;
##STR7## where R is H or CH3 and R1 is methyl, ethyl or butyl, and mixtures of two or more of said hydrophobic monomers;(B) a minor, ionogenous acrylic monomer component selected from the group consisting of;
(i) acrylic acid;
(ii) methacrylic acid;
(iii) monomers represented by the formula;
##STR8## wherein;
R is H or CH3, - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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9. and X is ##STR9## R1 is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl, and
Z- is a halide, acetate, or methyl sulfate ion; - and, (iv) mixtures of two or more of said ionogenous monomers; and
(C) an organic solvent, wherein the concentration of said major, non-ionic component in said solvent is in the range 2.5 to 7.5 molar, and the concentration of said minor, ionogenous component in said solvent is in the range 0.10 to 0.75 molar, and wherein the molar concentration of said ionogenous component is between 2 and 12% of the total monomer content in said reaction mixture; heating said reaction mixture to a viscous consistency at a temperature between 55 and 80 degrees C. in a substantially oxygen-free environment; coating a substrate with a film of said viscous reaction mixture; and heating said deposited film to a temperature between 55 and 80 degrees C. in a substantially oxygen-free environment until said film becomes rubbery. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
- and, (iv) mixtures of two or more of said ionogenous monomers; and
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10. A process for forming ion-transfer membranes which comprises the following steps in sequence
preparing a reaction mixture consisting essentially of: -
(A) a major, non-ionic component selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic acrylic monomer having the formula;
##STR10## where R is H or CH3 and R1 is methyl, ethyl or butyl and mixtures of two or more of said hydrophobic monomers;(B) a minor, ionogenous acrylic monomer component selected from the group consisting of;
(i) acrylic acid;
(ii) methacrylic acid;
(iii) monomers represented by the formula;
##STR11## wherein;
R is H or CH3,and X is ##STR12## R1 is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl, and Z- is a halide, acetate, or methyl sulfate ion; and
, (iv) mixtures of two or more of said ionogenous monomers; and(C) an organic solvent, wherein the concentration of said major, non-ionic component in said solvent is in the range 2.5 to 7.5 molar, and the concentration of said minor, ionogenous component in said solvent is in the range 0.10 to 0.75 molar, and wherein the molar concentration of said ionogenous component is between 3 and 12% of the total monomer content in said reaction mixture; introducing a quantity of said reaction mixture into a mold cavity and thereafter maintaining said mold cavity in a substantially oxygen-free condition; heating said mold cavity to a temperature between 55 and 80 degrees C. and maintaining said temperature until the mold cavity contents becomes rubbery; and removing said rubbery contents from said mold cavity.
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Specification