Method and apparatus for time domain compression and synthesis of unvoiced audible signals

• US 4,435,831 A
• Filed: 12/28/1981
• Issued: 03/06/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 12/28/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Electronic Speech Systems, ESS Technology Incorporated (Semiconductor Holding Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Electronic Speech Systems
• Inventors: Mozer, Forrest S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kemeny, E. S.
• Application Number:
  US06/335,310
• Time in Patent Office: 799 Days
• Field of Search: 381/30, 381/29, 381/31-40, 381/51-53, 328/13, 328/14, 328/16, 328/109, 364/717, 375/122, 84/1.01, 84/1.24, 331/78
• US Class Current: 704/267
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 13/08 Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/02 using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders

Abstract

Compression and synthesis techniques and related apparatus for time domain signals, particularly signals whose information content resides in the power spectrum such as speech and more particularly signals whose amplitude is aperiodic, such as unvoiced speech sounds. Compression techniques include eliminating serially redundant segments of information. Synthesis, particularly of unvoiced sounds which are sensitive to injected artificial periodicity, involves repeating sequentially portions of the same segmentrepresentative of the source signal, including commencing and terminating at different points each repetition, varying the length of the portion and reproducing the portion forwards and backwards in time. The invention finds application in speech compression and compact speech synthesis devices.

Claims

1. A method for synthesizing a unit of a time domain information signal substantially lacking periodic characteristics and having a power spectrum substantially invariant over the duration of said unit, said method comprising the steps of:

storing in memory means a representative small segment of said information signal unit; and

repetitively reproducing at least a portion of said segment a sufficient number of times to reconstruct said information signal unit from said small segment, said reproducing step commencing and terminating with different points in said segment at each repetition thereby to provide a unit substantially free of noticeable periodicity.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said generating step further comprises commencing and terminating said portion in a manner to produce a plurality of serially-arranged portions of differing durations.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said generating step further includes reproducing said portion forwards and backwards in time.

4. A method for synthesizing a unit of a time domain information signal substantially lacking periodic characteristics and having a power spectrum substantially invariant during said time unit of interest wherein said information signal comprises discrete serially-arranged samples in a sequence, said method comprising the steps of storing said samples;

and iterating repeatedly through said samples commencing and terminating with different samples at each repetition to reconstruct said unit of said information signal from said samples substantially free of noticeable periodicity.

5. The method according to claim 4 wherein said iterating step includes incrementing and decrementing through said samples.

6. The method according to claim 5 wherein at least sixty-four samples comprise a sequence and wherein said first iterating steps comprise incrementing from the first sample to the last sample then decrementing from the last sample to the first sample, then incrementing from no more than the first one-eighth sample to the last sample, then decrementing from the last sample to no more than the first one-eighth sample, then incrementing from a sample between the first one-eighth and first one-fourth sample to the last sample and then decrementing from the last sample to no more than the first one-eighth sample to achieve a duration sufficient to reconstruct a signal of period length corresponding to said unit of said information signal.

7. An apparatus for synthesizing a unit of a time domain information signal substantially lacking periodic characteristics and having a power spectrum substantially invariant during said time unit of interest, said apparatus comprising:

memory means for storing a representative small segment of said information signal;

means coupled to said memory means for generating a reconstructed signal from said information signal segment, said generating means comprising means for repetitively reproducing at least a portion of said signal segment commencing and terminating with different points in said segment at each repetition; and

means for limiting said repetitions to a sufficient number of times to reconstruct said unit of said information signal from said small segment.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7 further including means for selecting the duration of each said segment portion.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8 wherein said generating means further includes means for reproducing said segment portion forward and backward in time.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said information signal comprises descrete serially-arranged samples and wherein said generating means comprises means operative to iterate repeatedly through said samples of said segment beginning and ending with different samples.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said iterating means comprises means operative to increment and decrement through said samples.

12. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 11 wherein said storage means comprises a serial shift register.