Method and apparatus for tomographical imaging

• US 4,435,838 A
• Filed: 11/16/1981
• Issued: 03/06/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Gourlay, Alexander R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Martin, John C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Parker, Michael D.
• Application Number:
  US06/321,349
• Time in Patent Office: 841 Days
• Field of Search: 250/363 S, 250/526, 250/505.1, 313/103, 313/381, 350/162.13, 350/162.16, 364/604, 364/725, 364/728, 364/826, 382/42, 382/43, 382/65, 382/68, 382/32, 378/25, 378/26, 378/27, 378/21, 378/22, 358/110, 358/111
• US Class Current: 382/312
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/025 Tomosynthesis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4258 for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation A61B6/037 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/295 using coded aperture devices, e.g. Fresnel zone plates handling of radiation of particles, e.g. using diaphragms, collimators, diffraction G21K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02

Abstract

The specification concerns a method and apparatus for tomographically imaging different selected planes of a three-dimensional object by detecting radiation through a coded aperture mask, storing an image of the radiation detected over a period of time, and decoding each selected object plane by a correlation process appropriate to the size of the shadow of the mask cast on the detector by points in the selected object plane.

Each object plane to be imaged is selected by adjusting one or both of the object/detector and mask/detector separations D and d respectively so that D/d is a constant for all selected object planes. This provides a fixed shadow size of the mask on the detector for all selected object planes, and thus permits the use of a fixed decoding process.

In the preferred embodiment the mask is a mosaicked mask based on m-sequences, and the decoding process is implemented in hardware and uses a Fast Hadamard Transform.

Claims

1. A method for tomographically imaging different selected planes of a three-dimensional object by detecting radiation from the object after passage of the radiation through a coded aperture mask, storing an image of the radiation detected over a period of time, and for each selected object plane decoding the stored image by a correlation process appropriate to the size of the shadow of the mask cast on the detector by points in the selected object plane,

characterised in that:

each object plane to be imaged is selected by adjusting the position of at least one of the object, mask, and detector, in such manner that D/d is a constant where D is the distance from the selected object plane to the detection plane and d is the distance from the selected object plane to the mask,

a respective radiation image is detected and stored for each object plane thus selected, and

each stored image is decoded using a fixed decoding process.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the coded aperture mask is based on m-sequences, and the fixed decoding process uses a Fast Hadamard Transform.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the coded aperture mask is twofold mosaicked.

4. A method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the object-detector separation is substantially constant and different object planes are selected by adjusting the mask-detector separation.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the radiation is gamma radiation.

6. In an apparatus for tomographically imaging different selected planes of a three-dimensional object by detecting radiation from said object after the passage of the radiation through a coded aperture mask, wherein an image of the radiation of a selected plane sensed by a detector over a period of time is stored, and the decoding of said selected plane is by a correlation process appropriate to the size of the shadow of said mask cast on said detector by points in said selected plane, the improvement comprises:

means for adjusting the position of at least one of said object, said mask, or said detector to select each of said different selected planes of said object to be imaged in such a manner that the ratio D/d is a constant, where D is the distance from said selected plane to the plane of said detector, and d is the distance from said selected plane to the plane of said mask; and

means for decoding, using a fixed decoding process, each of said selected planes of said object.

7. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein said encoded aperture mask is based on m-sequences, and said decoding means includes means for performing a Fast Hadamard Transform.

8. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said coded aperture mask is twofold mosaicked.

9. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein D is maintained substantially constant, and each of said different selected planes of said object is selected by adjusting the distance between the plane of said mask and the plane of said separation.

10. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein said radiation is gamma radiation.