Head-up infinity display and pilot's sight

• US 4,439,755 A
• Filed: 06/04/1981
• Issued: 03/27/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Farrand Optical Company Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Farrand Optical Company Incorporated
• Inventors: LaRussa, Joseph A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Groody, James J.
• Application Number:
  US06/270,416
• Time in Patent Office: 1,027 Days
• Field of Search: 340/27 NA, 340/27 R, 340/705, 73/178 R, 73/178 H, 358/104, 358/250, 434/44
• US Class Current: 340/980
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 3/225 Helmet sighting systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0138 comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/014 comprising information/image processing systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0169 Supporting or connecting means other than the external walls
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0187 slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0198 System for aligning or maintaining alignment of an image in a predetermined direction
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/01 Head-up displays
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0101 characterised by optical features G02B27/0172 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/017 Head mounted
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0172 characterised by optical features
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 1/06 using single beam tubes G09G1/26, G09G1/28 take precedence, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows G09G1/28 takes precedence; stereoscopic TV-systems, details thereof H04N13/00; oscilloscopes for three-dimensional representation G01R13/206; vectorscopes G01R13/208

Abstract

A system for presenting a head-up display to the operator of a vehicle is disclosed. This system comprises a light source fiber optic bundle (52) which is secured to the helmet of the vehicle operator and generates a light beam signal which travels at an angle proportional to the orientation of the pilot'"'"'s head and, accordingly, his line-of-sight. This beam is detected by a detector (68) which is optically coupled to the light beam and provides line-of-sight information at its ouput. A computer (96) receives the line-of-sight information together with other information and sends it via a cathode ray tube (112) and an optical coupler (14) to a beamsplitter (16) which provides that information to the operator of the vehicle while allowing the operator to see through the beamsplitter (16), thus providing the operator with additional information without obstructing his view.

Claims

1. A system for presenting a head-up display to the pilot of an aircraft, comprising, data means for generating data, data processing means responsive to said data means for producing a video signal carrying an image of said generated data, video display means for displaying a video image of said data, a light transmitting waveguide having an optical length very much smaller than its physical length, secured, positioned, configured and dimensioned to receive at least a portion of the light rays of said video image and direct said light rays along its length to output means for reflection toward the eye of the pilot, and beamsplitter means positioned over the field-of-view of the pilot and positioned with respect to the output of said waveguide for reflecting the light rays leaving the output of said waveguide toward the pilot'"'"'s eye and transmitting light from objects surrounding the pilot to the pilot'"'"'s eye, light generating means for generating an optical signal indicating a line-of-sight of the pilot, detector means optically coupled to said light generating means for receiving said optical signal and detecting the line-of-sight of the pilot and producing signals carrying line-of-sight information, data processing means responsive to said detector means for generating a video signal carrying an image of the line-of-sight of the pilot, said video signal being coupled to said video display means to cause said video image to include an indication of the line-of-sight of the pilot, said optical signal being of a color different from said video image and wherein said detector means is housed within said video display means and said video display means comprises a dichroic beamsplitter which reflects said video image toward said waveguide and transmits said optical signal to said detector means, said detector means being moved by motor means to position the image of said light generating means at the center of said detector means, whereby the position of said detector means indicates the line-of-sight of the pilot.

2. A system as in claim 1, wherein said optical length is substantially zero.

3. A system as in claim 1, wherein said waveguide is a fiber optic bundle.

4. A system as in claim 3, wherein said beamsplitter means and said fiber optic bundle are secured to a headgear worn by the pilot.

5. A system as in claim 1, wherein said waveguide is associated with said headgear and said beamsplitter means is secured to the waveguide for movement with respect to said waveguide out of the sight of the pilot.

6. A system as in claim 1, further comprising instrumentation means for generating additional information-bearing data signals, said instrumentation means being coupled to said data processing means, and said data processing means being responsive to said additional data signals to include an additional image of the information carried by said additional data signals in said video signal whereby said video display means produces an image of the information carried by said data and said additional data signals.

7. A system as in claim 1 wherein said light generating means generates a bundle of parallel light rays whose orientation is fixed with respect to the headgear worn by the pilot.

8. A system as in claim 1 wherein said coupler means together with said reflecting member may be displaced to a stow postion out of the field-of-view of the pilot'"'"'s eye.

9. A system as in claim 1 wherein said image is produced behind the pilot.

10. A system as in claim 1 wherein said image is optically air-coupled to said coupler means and said coupler means is mechanically independent of said video display means.

11. A system as in claim 1 wherein said optical signal is of a color different from said video image and wherein said detector is housed within said video display means and said video display means comprises a dichroic beamsplitter which reflects said video image toward said coupler means and transmits said said optical signal to said detector means.

12. A system as in claim 1, further comprising a light source which produces light having a color different from that of said video image and means for transmitting the output of said light source to said light generating means, said light generating means comprising means for collecting said output of said light source and directing it to return towards said detector means at an angle relative to said headgear related to the line-of-sight of the pilot.

13. A system as in claim 1 or 12, wherein said detector means comprises a four quadrant detector which is moved by a motor means, to position the image of said light generating means at the center of said detector means, whereby the position of said detector means indicates the line-of-sight of the operator and wherein said detector means and said light source are optically behind said dichroic beamsplitter.

14. A system as in claim 1 wherein said means for transmitting the output of said light source is a beamsplitter positioned, configured and dimensioned to transmit the output of said light source and reflect the light returned toward said detector means to said detector means.

15. A system as in claim 1, wherein said video display means includes a simulated or enhanced picture of the scene viewed by the operator or pilot, said scene being varied in response to said line-of-sight.

16. A system as in claim 1, wherein said detector means comprises a fine detector which is moved by a motor means, to position the image of said light generating means at the center of said fine detector, whereby the position of said fine detector indicates the line-of-sight of the pilot, said fine detector having a first field-of-view, and said detector means further comprising a coarse detector having a wider field-of-view, said coarse detector controlling said motor means to move said fine detector to receive the output of said light generating means in the event that said image is not disposed on said fine detector.

17. A system in claim 1 wherein said detector means comprises a four quadrant detector which is moved by a motor means, to position the image of said light generating means at the center of said detector means, whereby the position of said detector means indicates the line of sight of the pilot and wherein said detector means and light source are optically behind said dichroic beam splitter, said means for transmitting the output of said light source is a beamsplitter positioned, configured and dimensioned to transmit the output of said light source and refect the light returned toward said detector means, and wherein said optical path of said detector means substantially coincides with said optical path of said video display means and said coupler means.

18. A system for presenting a head-up display to a pilot wearing a headgear, comprising:

(a) light generating means for generating an optical signal indicating the line-of-sight of the pilot;

(b) detector means optically coupled to said light generating means for receiving said optical signal and detecting the line-of-sight of the pilot, and producing signals carrying line-of-sight information;

(c) data processing means responsive to said detector means for generating a video signal carrying an image of the line-of-sight of the pilot;

(d) video display means, responsive to said video signal for displaying a video image of the line-of-sight of the pilot; and

(e) coupler means, optically coupled to said video image for directing said image to an eye of the pilot, wherein said light generating means is associated with said headgear, said detector means is mechanically independent of said light generating means, said optical signal is of a color different from said video image, said detector means is housed within said video display means, and said video display means comprises a dichroic beamsplitter which reflects said video image toward said coupler means and transmits said optical signal to said detector means.

19. A system as in claim 18, wherein said detector means is a quadrant detector having four photo-sensitve quadrants.

21. A system as in claims 18 or 20 further comprising a light source which produces light having a color different from that of said video images and means for transmitting the output of said light source to said light generating means, said light generating means comprising means for collecting said output of said light source and directing it towards said detector means at an angle relative to said headgear related to the line-of-sight of the pilot.

22. A system as in claim 18 or 20, wherein the optical path of said detector means substantially coincides with the optical path of said video display means and said coupler means.

23. A system as in claim 22, wherein said light generating means generates a bundle of parallel light rays whose orientation is fixed with respect to said headgear worn by the pilot, said bundle of parallel light rays being of a color different from the color of said image generated by said video display means.

20. A system for producing a head-up display of visual data for a pilot of a vehicle or simulated vehicle comprising:

(a) first data means for generating a first information-bearing data signal indicating the line-of-sight of the pilot, said first data means comprising light generating means for generating an optical signal, said light generating means being associated with the headgear of the pilot;

(b) second data means for generating a second information-bearing data signal indicating the orientation of an element of the aircraft;

(c) computer means responsive to said first and second data signals for generating a video signal carrying a video image of the information carried by said second data signal said optical signal being of a color different from said video image;

(d) means for displaying the line-of-sight to the pilot;

(e) video display means, positioned outside the ejection envelope of the aircraft for displaying said image of said second data signal;

(f) servo means responsive to said computer means for varying the orientation of said element of the aircraft as a function of the line-of-sight of the pilot; and

(g) optical coupler means mechanically independent of said video means and optically air coupled to said image of said second data signal for superimposing said image on the substantially unobstructed view of the pilot; and

(h) detector means mechanically independent of said light generating means for detecting the line-of-sight of the pilot, said detector means being housed within said video display means and said video display means comprising a dichroic beamsplitter which reflects one of said video image or said optical signal toward said coupler means and transmits said optical signal to said detector means.