Sonar transceiver system and method

• US 4,442,513 A
• Filed: 02/05/1982
• Issued: 04/10/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 02/05/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: L-3 Communications Corporation (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: The Bendix Corporation (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Inventors: Mead, Ronald C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Farley, Richard A.
• Application Number:
  US06/345,987
• Time in Patent Office: 795 Days
• Field of Search: 367/100, 367/101, 343/14, 343/17.2 R, 364/728
• US Class Current: 367/100
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/101 Particularities of the measurement of distance G01S15/12, G01S15/14, and G01S15/18 take precedence

Abstract

A sonar transceiver system and method includes an oscillator and programmable divider which are arranged to cause a transmitting transducer to transmit a plurality of four consecutive closely spaced tones in the manner of a pseudo-chirp. The receiver includes hard limiting means for converting received echo signals to binary signals and tone correlation and detection means including a shift register which compares samples of the binary received signal with a sample of a sine wave as hard limited which is carried on a storage register. A series of exclusive-OR comparator circuits effect the comparison and produce output signals of a desired magnitude when correlations are found. Switching means responsive to detection of the first of the transmitted tones causes the programming means to vary the divisors of the programmable divider to produce clock pulses of varying frequency to the shift register for the time and in the order of the transmitted tones.

Claims

1. A sonar transceiver system including transducer means for transmiting and receiving sonar signals in the water, including means for generating chirp-like electrical signals connected to said transducer, means to convert said electrical signals to acoustic transmitted signals and means for receiving echo signals including said transducer means and a correlator for correlating the received signals with the transmitted signals and which responds to a recognized correlation by producing an output signal, characterized in that said system includes:

(a) means including said transducer means for generating and transmitting sonar signals consisting of a plurality of n ultrasonic tones closely spaced in frequency and consecutive such as to form a pseudo chirp pulse,

(b) means for receiving and detecting echo signals including said transducer means, and a receiver including hard limiting means for converting said received signals into binary signals,

(c) a shift register for receiving said binary signals,

(d) clock means connected to said shift register for processing samples of said binary signals through said register for a predetermined number of counts at a rate corresponding to the frequency of the first of said tones,

(e) storage means for storing a binary wave pattern corresponding to said transmitted tones as limited,

(f) correlation means comprising said received binary signals with said stored pattern and producing an output signal when said shift register binary signal and said stored pattern reach a desired correlation,

(g) means responsive to the occurence of said output signal to reset said clock to change the rate of sampling said received binary signals in said shift register to correspond to the frequency of the second of said tones, said correlation means then comparing said received binary signals with said stored pattern and producing a second output signal when said shift register binary signal and said stored pattern reach a desired correlation,

(h) means responsive to the completion of the number of counts of said clock means at each of said second and subsequent output signals to the nth output signals for successively resetting said clock to change the rate of processing said binary signals in said shift register to correspond to the frequencies of said second and successive tones to the nth tone, said correlation means producing an output signals each time said shift register binary signal and said stored pattern reach a desired correlation,

(i) circuit means determining whether said output signals represent the reception of said tones in the proper order as transmitted, and

(j) majority test means responsive to the occurence of a desired majority of said "n" tones and providing an output if said desired majority of tones is present.

2. A system of correlating a series of received acoustic signals with a plurality or uniform closely spaced transmitted tones comprising receiving means for receiving said acoustic signals, converting said acoustic signals to electrical alternating current signals and hard limiting said electrical signals to produce a corresponding series of binary signals:

a shift register connected to said receiving means and a programmable clock for clocking samples of said series of binary signals through said shift register,

a storage register storing a pattern of binary signals corresponding to the pattern of a sine wave as hard limited,

means programming said clock to produce clock pulses at the frequencies and in the order of said transmitted tones to cause samples of said series of received binary signals to be clocked through said shift register at said frequencies and in the order transmitted,

comparator circuit and summing means connected to said shift register and said storage register for continuously comparing the binary signals thereon and for producing an output of a desired magnitude upon the occurrence of a desired correlation between said shift register and said storage register signals.

3. A correlation system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said programming means includes counter means responsive to the sensed reception of the first of said tones to cause said clock frequency to be shifted to the second of said tones for the period equalling the transmission period of said second tone, following which said clock frequency is successfully shifted to the next tone after passage of the period during which each tone was transmitted.

4. A correlation system as claimed in claim 2 wherein a decode circuit is provided which receives an input with each sensed correlation of a received tone with the transmitted tone and which responds to reception of a desired majority of the tones in a transmitted pulse by producing an output signal.

5. A correlation system as claimed in claim 4 including a ranging counter calibrated to reflect counts in terms of distance, a multivibrator connected to start and stop said ranging counter, an oscillator connected to said ranging counter, means responsive to the initiation of a transmit command connected to said multivibrator for causing said multivibrator to begin counting counts of said oscillator and means responsive to receipt of an output signal from said decode circuit connected to said multivibrator for causing said multivibrator to stop counting counts of said oscillator.

6. A correlation system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said programming means includes a high frequency oscillator, a programmable divider connected to receive high frequency signals from said oscillator, a tone selector connected to said programmable divider capable of presetting said divider to divide by any of a plurality of integers, a tone counter connected to said tone selector means and providing binary code signals to said tone counter to vary the divisor of said programmable divider, with said divider providing clock counts to said tone counter and said tone counter responding to a number of clock counts equalling the number of bits in said shift register to change said binary code to change said divisor.

7. A correlation system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said programming means includes means responsive to a transmit command for causing said tone counter to begin counting and to receive clock counts from said programmable divider, said tone counter responding to a full count by producing a desired binary output signal operating to disable said tone counter, to preset said tone selector to the first of said tones and to reset said counter means.

8. A correlation system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said transmitted tones are a series of four tones separated approximately five percent in frequency and transmitted for approximately 160 msec each to constitute a pseudo chirp approximately 640 msec in duration, said shift register and said storage register are sixty-four bits long and said tone counter counts two hundred fifty-six counts.

9. A correlation system as claimed in claim 7 wherein said transmitted tones are a series of four tones separated approximately five percent in frequency and transmitted for approximately 160 msec each to constitute a pseudo chirp approximately 640 msec in duration, said shift register and said storage register are sixty-four bits long and said tone counter counts two hundred fifty-six counts.

10. A system for correlating a series of uniform alternating current signals closely spaced in frequency and consisting of first through nth tones with unknown alternating current signals believed to contain said tones comprising,

means hard limiting said unknown alternating current signals to produce a series of binary signals,

a shift register including a clock terminal for clocking samples of said binary signals therethrough,

a storage register for storing a pattern of binary signals corresponding to the pattern of a sine wave as hard limited,

programmable counter means connected to said clock terminal for providing variable frequency clock pulses to said shift register, the frequencies of said clock pulses corresponding to the order of said first through nth tones,

comparator circuit and summing means connected to said shift register and said storage register for continuously comparing the binary signals thereon and for producing output signals of a desired magnitude upon the occurence of correlations between said binary signals,

11. A correlation system as claimed in claim 10 wherein majority test means are included connected to receive said output signals and responding to a desired majority of n said signals to provide an output if said desired majority of n tones is present in said unknown alternating current signals.

12. A method of processing sonar signals using chirp-like tones including the steps of:

(a) transmitting a plurality of n ultrasonic tones closely spaced in frequency and consecutive such as to form a pseudo chirp pulse,

(b) receiving echo signals including said tones and hard limiting said received signals to produce binary signals representative of said received signals,

(c) storing a binary pattern corresponding to a sine wave as hard limited,

(d) processing samples of said binary received signals through a shift register at a clock rate corresponding to the frequency of the first of said tones,

(e) comparing said received binary signals with said stored binary pattern and producing an output signal when said binary received signals and said binary pattern reach a desired correlation,

(f) varying said clock rate in response to said output signal to correspond to the frequency of the second of said tones, repeating step (e) and producing a second output signal if a correlation is found,

(g) successively varying said clock rate to correspond to the frequency of the third and subsequent tones up to the nth tone, repeating step (e) each time and producing third and subsequent output signals up to the nth output signal, and

(h) testing said output signals to determine if a desired majority of said "n" tones is represented and providing an output if said desired majority of tones is present.

13. A method of correlating a series of one through n closely spaced uniform alternating current tones having an essentially sine wave characteristic and constituting a pseudo-chirp with an unknown alternating current signal, comprising the steps of:

(a) storing on a storage register a binary pattern corresponding to a sine wave as hard limited,

(b) hard limiting said unknown alternating current signal to produce a series of binary signals and connecting said signals to a shift register,

(c) providing a series of clock pulses corresponding to the frequency of the first of said tones and clocking samples of said series of binary signals through said shift register at said frequency,

(d) continually comparing said series of binary signals with said binary pattern and producing an output signal when said signals reach a desired correlation,

(e) responding to said output signal to change the frequency of said clock pulses to that of the second of said tones and continuing said clock frequency for the period of the second of said tones, while repeating step (d) and producing a second output signal if a correlation is found,

(f) responding to completion of the period of the second of said tones to change the frequency of said clock pulses to that of the third tone, again repeating step (d) and producing a third output signal if a correlation is found,

(g) continuing to change the frequency of said clock pulses to that of said subsequent tones to said nth tone, each time repeating step (d) and producing an output signal when a correlation is found.

14. A correlation method as claimed in claim 13 including the additional step of testing said output signals to determine if a desired majority of said "n" tones is present and providing an output if said desired majority of output signals has been produced.