Digital tone generation system utilizing fixed duration time functions

• US 4,446,770 A
• Filed: 08/27/1982
• Issued: 05/08/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/1980
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kimball International Incorporated (HNI Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kimball International Incorporated (HNI Corporation)
• Inventors: Bass, Steven C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Witkowski, Stanley J.
• Application Number:
  US06/412,258
• Time in Patent Office: 620 Days
• Field of Search: 84/1.01, 84/1.03, 84/1.11-1.13, 84/1.19-1.27, 84/DIG. 9, 84/DIG. 10
• US Class Current: 84/606
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/235 Fourier transform; Discrete Fourier Transform [DFT]; Fast Fourier Transform [FFT]
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/265 Blackman Harris window
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/481 Formant synthesis, i.e. simulating the human speech production mechanism by exciting formant resonators, e.g. mimicking vocal tract filtering as in LPC synthesis vocoders, wherein musical instruments may be used as excitation signal to the time-varying filter estimated from a singer's speech
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 7/08 by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 84/09 Filtering
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 84/10 Feedback

Abstract

A tone generation system intended primarily for use in electronic musical instruments wherein a digital representation of a harmonically rich waveform is sampled, and a musical tone is produced therefrom. The stored waveform could be the four term Blackman-Harris window function, which has negligible side lobes and thus greatly attenuated higher harmonics. The stored function is read out at a fixed rate, but the time periods between successive readings of the waveform are varied to thereby vary the frequency of the output signal.

Claims

1. An electronic musical instrument comprising:

player actuated tone frequency selection means, memory means for storing one cycle of a fixed width window function waveform, means responsive to the actuation of the tone selection means for reading said waveform out of said memory at a fixed rate for each cycle thereof independent of the frequency selected and in a repetitive fashion to produce a continuous signal wherein the period of dead time between each successive reading of a cycle of the waveform is selectively adjusted in response to the frequency selected by the tone selection means without changing the width of the read out waveform to thereby produce a continuous train of time sequential said window function waveforms having a frequency inversely inversely proportional to the period of dead time between the commencement of each successive reading, and means responsive to the train of read out waveforms for producing an audible musical tone.

2. The electronic musical instrument of claim 1 wherein said waveform is stored as a plurality of digitally encoded amplitude samples.

3. The electronic musical instrument of claim 1 wherein:

said waveform is stored in said memory in the form of a plurality of amplitude samples, said means for reading includes means for sampling in succession the plurality of said amplitude samples at a given sampling frequency, and said waveform train has a limited bandwidth wherein nearly all of the energy of the waveform train occurs at frequencies lower than one half of the sampling frequency.

4. The electronic musical instrument of claim 3 wherein the window function is the four-term Blackman-Harris window function.

5. The electronic musical instrument of claim 3 wherein said waveform is a window function having a frequency spectrum with a centerlobe and at least one pair of sidelobes, wherein the sidelobe amplitude peaks are at least 92 db below the amplitude peak of the centerlobe.

6. The electronic music instrument of claim 1 wherein said waveform train comprises a plurality of said window function waveforms separated from each other by time intervals in which a zero signal level is present and said time intervals are equal to the period of time between the successive operable readings of the stored waveform.

7. The electronic musical instrument of claim 6 wherein the waveforms read out of said memory means form a cyclically recurring series of a predetermined fixed number of said waveforms, and including means for controlling the harmonic content of the waveform train read out of said memory means comprising means for adjusting independently of each other the respective amplitudes of the waveforms in each occurrence of said series.

8. The electronic musical instrument of claim 1 wherein a single cycle of a given footage comprises a series of said window function waveforms read out of said memory means separated from each other by dead spaces in which a zero level signal is present and said dead spaces are equal to the period of time between the successive operable readings of the stored waveform, and including means for controlling the harmonic content of the waveform train comprising means for adjusting independently of each other the respective amplitudes of the waveforms in each occurrence of the series.

9. The electronic musical instrument of claim 1 wherein the stored waveform is the four-term Blackman-Harris window function.

10. An electronic musical instrument comprising:

a keyboard comprising a plurality of playing keys assigned to different tone frequencies, memory means for storing one cycle of a window function waveform, means responsive to the actuation of any key of the keyboard for reading said waveform out of said memory at a fixed rate for each read out cycle thereof to produce a read out waveform of a predetermined constant width and in a repetitive fashion to produce a continuous train of said window functions separated by dead spaces as long as said any one key is held actuated and for adjusting the period of time between the beginning of each reading of the waveform and the beginning of the next reading thereof in the continuous signal in response to the tone frequency of the actuated key without changing the width of the read out waveform from said predetermined constant width, and means responsive to the read out window function waveforms for producing an audible musical tone.

11. The electronic musical instrument of claim 10 wherein said waveform is stored as a plurality of digitally encoded amplitude samples.

12. The electronic musical instrument of claim 10 wherein:

said waveform is stored in said memory in the form of a plurality of amplitude samples, said means for reading includes means for sampling in succession a plurality of said amplitude samples at a given sampling frequency, and said waveform train has a limited band width wherein nearly all of the energy of the waveform train occurs at frequencies lower than one-half of the sampling frequency.

13. The electronic musical instrument of claim 12 wherein the window function is the four-term Blackman-Harris window function.

14. The electronic musical instrument of claim 10 wherein a single cycle of a given footage comprises a series of said window function waveforms read out of said memory means separated from each other by dead spaces in which a zero level signal is present and said dead spaces are equal to the period of time between the successive operable readings of the stored waveform, and including means for controlling the harmonic content of the waveform train comprising means for adjusting independently of each other the respective amplitudes of the waveforms in each occurrence of the series.

15. The method of generating a plurality of musical tones of differing frequency comprising:

providing a memory in which one cycle of a fixed duration window function waveform is stored,

actuating a tone frequency selection device to select a tone of a predetermined selective frequency and reading the stored waveform out of the memory at a fixed rate for each cycle thereof independent of the frequency selected and in a repetitive fashion to produce a continuous signal of the selected frequency,

changing the tone selected by the tone frequency selection device, and

in response to the changing of the tone frequency selected, selectively adjusting the period of dead time between each successive reading of the cycle of the waveform in response to the frequency selected by the tone frequency selection device without changing the width of the read out waveform to thereby produce a continuous train of time sequential said window functions having a frequency inversely proportional to the period of dead time between the commencement of each successive reading.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the stored waveform is the four-term Blackman-Harris window function.