Fiber optic security system including a fiber optic seal and an electronic verifier

• US 4,447,123 A
• Filed: 07/29/1981
• Issued: 05/08/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ENSCO, Incorporated (Teris LLC)
• Original Assignee: ENSCO, Incorporated (Teris LLC)
• Inventors: Page, Edward A., Babel, Carl R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Application Number:
  US06/288,042
• Time in Patent Office: 1,014 Days
• Field of Search: 350/96.1, 350/96.2, 350/96.24, 350/96.25, 250/227, 70/440, 340/380, 340/531, 340/555, 340/556, 340/557
• US Class Current: 385/115
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2804 forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/421 the intermediate optical component consisting of a short length of fibre, e.g. fibre stub
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4249 comprising arrays of active devices and fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 3/0376 using a special technique to detect tampering, e.g. by ultrasonic or optical means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 70/8243 With seal

Abstract

The present invention includes a fiber optic seal (2) including a transparent seal body (4) having two spaced apart cavities (12,14,52,54) formed therein. Both ends (36,38) of a fiber optic cable (28) are respectively secured within the spaced apart cavities (12,14,52,54). A microprocessor-based electronic verifier (60) injects light into one of the cable ends (38) via a plurality of illumination light guides (20) fixed within the seal body (4) between an external surface (6) thereof and the illumination cavity (12). Light emitted from the remaining end (36) of the fiber optic cable (28) is transmitted from the detection cavity (14) to the exterior surface (6) of the sealed body (4) via a plurality of detection light guides (24) fixed within the seal body (4). Thereafter, the light is measured and converted by the electronic verifier (60) to provide a seal signature.

Claims

1. A fiber optic seal for receiving a fiber optic cable formed by a plurality of optical fibers comprising a seal body having cavity means extending from a cavity opening in an outer surface of said body and terminating at a terminal end within said seal body and light guide means secured in said seal body in fixed relationship thereto, said light guide means, including a plurality of individual, elongated light guides having first ends positioned adjacent the terminal end of said cavity means and second ends positioned adjacent an outer surface of said seal body and being operative to conduct light between the terminal end of said cavity means and the outer surface of said seal body.

2. A fiber optic seal for receiving a fiber optic cable formed by a plurality of optical fibers comprising a seal body having cavity means extending from a cavity opening in an outer surface of said body and terminating at a terminal end within said seal body, the inner diameter of said cavity means being greater than the outer diameter of the fiber optic cable to be received by said fiber optic seal, and light guide means secured in said seal body in fixed relationship thereto, said light guide means being operative to conduct light between the terminal end of said cavity means and an outer surface of said seal body.

3. A fiber optic seal for receiving a fiber optic cable formed by a plurality of optical fibers comprising a seal body having cavity means extending from a cavity opening in an outer surface of said body and terminating at a terminal end within said seal body and light guide means secured in said seal body in fixed relationship thereto, said light guide means being operative to conduct light between the terminal end of said cavity means and an outer surface of said seal body which is substantially opposite to the surface containing said cavity opening.

4. A fiber optic seal for receiving a fiber optic cable formed by a plurality of optical fibers comprising a seal body having cavity means extending from a cavity opening in an outer surface of said body and terminating at a terminal end within said seal body said cavity means being formed to stress the individual optical fibers in said fiber optic cable to cause randomized intermixing between the fibers of the cable, and light guide means secured in said seal body in fixed relationship thereto, said light guide means being operative to conduct light between the terminal end of said cavity means and an outer surface of said seal body.

5. A fiber optic seal for receiving a fiber optic cable formed by a plurality of optical fibers comprising a seal body having a cavity means extending from a cavity opening in an outer surface of said body and terminating at a terminal end within said seal body, said cavity means including an illumination cavity extending from a first opening in an outer surface of said seal body to an illumination cavity terminal end within said seal body and a detection cavity extending from a second opening in the outer surface of the seal body to a detection cavity terminal end within said seal body, said detection cavity extending in spaced relationship to said illumination cavity, and light guide means secured in said seal body in fixed relationship thereto, said light guide means being operative to conduct light between the terminal ends of said detection and illumination cavities and an outer surface of said seal body.

6. The fiber optic seal of claim 5, wherein the light guide means for conducting light between the terminal end of said detection cavity and an outer surface of said seal body includes a plurality of individual, elongated, spaced light guides having first ends positioned adjacent the terminal end of said detection cavity and second ends positioned adjacent the outer surface of said seal body, said second ends being spaced a greater distance apart than said first ends.

7. The fiber optic seal of claim 5, wherein the light guide means for conducting light between the terminal end of said illumination cavity and an outer surface of said seal body includes at least two individual, elongated spaced light guides having first ends positioned adjacent the terminal end of said illumination cavity and second ends positioned adjacent the outer surface of said seal body, the central longitudinal axis of each of said light guides at the first ends thereof being angularly positioned relative to the central longitudinal axis of said illumination cavity.

8. The fiber optic seal of claim 5, wherein the light guide means for conducting light between the terminal ends of said illumination and detection cavities and the outer surface of said seal body includes a plurality of individual, elongated spaced light guides for each such cavity, said light guides having first ends positioned adjacent the terminal end of the respective cavity and second ends positioned adjacent the outer surface of said seal body, said second ends being spaced a greater distance apart than said first ends.

9. The fiber optic seal of claim 8, wherein said seal body is transparent.

10. A fiber optic seal for securing an enclosure comprising a fiber optic cable formed by a plurality of optical fibers, a seal body within which at least a first terminal end of said cable is secured, the secured end of said cable being positioned within said seal body, and light guide means secured in said seal body in fixed relationship thereto, said light guide means including a plurality of individual elongated light guides having first ends positioned adjacent the secured terminal end of said cable and second ends positioned adjacent an outer surface of said seal body and being operative to conduct light between the secured terminal end of said cable and an outer surface of said seal body.

11. The fiber optic seal of claim 10 wherein said elongated light guides are of greater diameter than the diameter of the fibers forming said cable.

12. The fiber optic seal of claim 11 wherein the second ends of said elongated light guides are spaced a greater distance apart than the first ends thereof.

13. The fiber optic seal of claim 10 wherein said seal body includes a cavity for receiving a second terminal end of said cable, said cavity extending from a cavity opening in an outer surface of said body and terminating at a cavity terminus within said seal body, and second light guide means secured in said seal body in fixed relationship thereto, said second light guide means being operative to conduct light between the cavity terminus and the outer surface of said seal body.

14. The fiber optic seal of claim 13 wherein the diameter of said cavity is greater that the diameter of said cable.

15. A fiber optic seal comprising a fiber optic cable for conducting light, said figer optic cable including a first end to be illuminated by light from an external light source and a second end which emits light in response to the illumination of said first end and a seal body having first and second cavities formed therein for respectively receiving said first and second ends of said fiber optic cable, said seal body also having a first light guide means connected between the exterior surface of said seal body and said first cavity for transmitting light from the external light source to said first end of said fiber optic cable when said first end is received by said first cavity and a second light guide means connected between said external surface of said seal body and said second cavity for transmitting light emitted from said second end of said fiber optic cable to said exterior surface when said second end is received by said second cavity.

16. A fiber optic seal as set forth in claim 15, wherein said fiber optic cable includes a bundled plurality of intermingled optical fibers having random spatial orientations relative to one another.

17. A fiber optic seal as set forth in claim 16, wherein said first light guide means includes at least one illumination light guide having a diameter larger than the individual diameters of said optical fibers in said fiber optic cable and said second light guide means includes at least one detection light guide having a diameter larger than the individual diameters of said optical fibers in said fiber optic cable.

18. A fiber optic seal as set forth in claim 17, wherein said first light guide means includes a plurality of illumination light guides and said second light guide means includes a plurality of detection light guides.

19. A fiber optic seal as set forth in claim 18, wherein said plurality of illumination light guides are oriented to couple light into said first end of said fiber optic cable at different angles of incidence.

20. A fiber optic seal as set forth in claim 16, wherein said intermingled bundle of optical fibers is exposed at both said first and second ends of said fiber optic cable means.

21. A fiber optic security seal as set forth in claim 20, wherein each of said exposed optical fibers at said first end of said fiber optic cable has a tip exhibiting random irregularities.

22. A fiber optic security seal as set forth in claim 20 wherein at least one of said first and second cavities includes means to spread the exposed optical fibers received in said cavity.

23. A fiber optic security seal as set forth in claim 15, wherein said first and second cavities formed in said seal body are intertwined.

24. A fiber optic security seal system for the detection of tampering with a sealed enclosure, said fiber optic security seal system comprising

a fiber optic cable for conducting light, said fiber optic cable including a first end which may be illuminated by a light source and a second end which emits light in response to the illumination of said first end,

fiber optic seal body means for receiving said first and second ends of said fiber optic cable, said fiber optic seal body means also having a first light guide means connected between the exterior surface of said fiber optic seal body and said first cable end for transmitting light from the light source to the first end of said fiber optic cable and a second light guide means connected between said exterior surface of said fiber optic seal body and said second cable end for transmitting light emitted by the second end of said fiber optic cable, and

an electronic verifier means for deriving a seal signature, said electronic verifier means including at least one light source means for illuminating said first end of said fiber optic cable, said light source means including a light injection guide means for registry with said first light guide means at said external surface of said fiber optic seal body to inject light from said light source means into said first light guide means,

at least one light detecting means for generating an output signal in response to light emitted from said second end of said cable, said light detecting means including a verfier guide means for registry with said second light guide means at said external surface of said fiber optic seal body to direct light from said second light guide means into said light detecting means, and

electronic circuit means connected to both said light source means and said light detecting means for controlling the injection of light into said first light guide means and for processing said output signal from said light detecting means to derive a seal signature representation indicative of the intensity of light directed into said light detecting means from said second light guide means.

25. The fiber optic security seal system of claim 24, wherein said second light guide means includes a plurality of spaced detection light guides for transmitting light from the second end of the fiber optic cable to said verifier guide means, said light detecting means including photodetector means positioned to receive light from said verifier guide means, said photodetector means operating to provide an output signal which is a function of the light intensity of the light received from said verifier guide means.

26. The fiber optic security seal system of claim 24, wherein said electronic circuit means for the electronic verifier means includes memory means for storing a previously derived seal signature representation.

27. An electronic verifier apparatus for verifying the signature of a fiber optic security seal which includes a fiber optic cable having a first cable end arranged to receive light and a second cable end arranged to emit light in response to the light received by the first cable end, said electronic verifier apparatus comprising at least one light source means for injecting light into the first cable end of said fiber optic cable, at least one photodetector means for generating an output signal in response to light emitted by the second cable end of said fiber optic cable, and electronic circuit means connected to both said light source means and said photodetector means for controlling the injection of light into the first end of the fiber optic cable and for deriving a seal signature representation indicative of the intensity of the light received from said second cable end.

28. The electronic verifier apparatus of claim 27, wherein said electronic circuit means includes memory means for storing a previously derived seal signature representation.

29. The electronic verifier apparatus of claim 27, wherein said light source means includes a plurality of separate light sources for separately injecting light into a portion of said first cable end and a separate light guide for each light source arranged to transmit light from said light source.

30. The electronic verifier apparatus of claim 27, wherein said photodetector means includes a plurality of separate photodetectors and a separate verifier light guide for transmitting light to each such photodetector.

31. The electronic verifier apparatus of claim 30, wherein said electronic circuit means includes an analog to digital converter and multiplexer means connected to said photodetectors for providing a digital output which is a function of the photodetector output and a microprocessor means connected to receive said digital output.