Welding system monitoring and control system

• US 4,447,698 A
• Filed: 12/18/1974
• Issued: 05/08/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 03/06/1973
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hayes Wheels International Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Kelsey Hayes Company
• Inventors: Drake, Charles J., Van Sikle, Truman T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shaw, C. C.
• Application Number:
  US05/534,066
• Time in Patent Office: 3,429 Days
• Field of Search: 219/108, 219/109, 219/110, 219/117, 219/137, 219/130, 219/131 R, 219/111, 219/117.1
• US Class Current: 219/110
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 11/252 using digital means

Abstract

A monitoring and control system for use in conjunction with a pulse type welder which utilizes a computer to calculate the impedance characteristics of a weld and compare these characteristics to a preselected set of characteristics to determine if a quality weld has been made. The system then controls the heat and cool time to increase or decrease the tmeperature of the weld and thus control the size of the weld nugget. The monitoring control system is utilized in conjunction with a standard pulse welding control system, which standard system provides a series of heat impulses followed by a series of cool impulses, this cycle being repeated for a preselected number of cycles. The monitoring and control system senses the voltage and current in the welding load and feeds this data to a computer which, in turn, calculates the impedance of the weld. This calculation is then compared to a predetermined set of standards which are evolved as a result of processing a preselected number of previous welds, and corrections are made to assure the weld quality. If the temperature of the weld has not been sufficiently elevated, the number of impulses in the cool portion of the cycle, and thus the cool time, is reduced until the weld meets the set standards. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds the standard, the number of heat impulses, and thus the heat time, is reduced.

Claims

1. A welding control system for a pulse welder having a welding cycle including heat portions and cool portions, the pulse welder including at least one welding head, a source of welding pulses of preselected duration, a standard control circuit for generating a standard connected between the source and the welding head for controlling the application of alternate of the head and cool portions to a welding load by controlling the number of welding pulses fed to the load during the heat portion and the duration of the cool portion, the standard control circuit including means for generating a series of clock pulses for controlling the duration of the heat and cool portions of the welding cycle of the load by counting a preselected number of clock pulses in the heat and cool portions of the cycle, the improvement comprising means connected to the standard control circuit for altering the duration of the heat and/or cool portions of the cycle counted by the standard control including sensing means for sensing a first set of voltage and current characteristics flowing in the load during a heat portion, means for generating a varying standard impedance characteristic from said sensed first set of voltage and current characteristics flowing in the load, an interface circuit connected to the current and voltage sensing means and said impedance characteristic generating means for feeding the voltage and current signals to said impedance characteristic generating means, said sensing means sensing and feeding a second set of voltage and current characteristics to said impedance characteristic generating means, said generating means generating a second impedance characteristic from said second set, and means for comparing said second impedance characteristics of the weld with the standard impedance characteristic and generating a pulse by pulse altering signal when the sensed impedance characteristic is not within the generated standard characteristics, said altering means connected to the standard control for altering the heat and/or cool portions to maintain said second impedance characteristic within limits of said standard characteristic.

2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said sensing means for sensing the voltage and current includes a multiplexer and amplifier circuit for each of said voltage and current sensing means.

3. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said interface circuit includes an analogue to digital converter for converting the analogue voltage and current signals to digital signals.

4. The improvement of claim 2 wherein said analogue to said digital converter includes a control circuit for controlling when said voltage current signals are sensed.

5. The improvement of claim 4 wherein said impedance characteristics generating means generates the control signal for controlling when the voltage and current are sensed.

6. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said altering means includes an interface circuit for connecting said characteristic generating means to the welder heads.

7. The improvement of claim 1 further including indicator circuit means for indicating the relationship of the standard impedance characteristic and the sense impedance characteristic, said circuit including means for indicating when said standard impedance and said sensed impedance characteristics exceed certain values.

8. The improvement of claim 7 wherein said comparing means compares the standard impedance characteristics with the sensed impedance characteristics and generates said indicator signal when said sensed impedance characteristics differ algebraically from said standard impedance characteristics by a preselected amount.

9. The improvement of claim 2 wherein said multiplexer circuit includes a first and second multiplexer, said first multiplexer sensing the positive side of the load and said second multiplexer sensing the negative side of the load.

10. The improvement of claim 9 wherein said multiplexers include field effect transistors and further include first and second output terminals for generating a positive and negative signal in response to the sensing of preselected values of voltage and/or current.

11. The improvement of claim 10 wherein said pulse welder includes a multiplicity of welding heads, said control system including a circuit for generating a coded address for each of said multiple heads.

12. The improvement of claim 11 wherein said coded address generating circuit generates a binary coded address for each welded head being sensed, said binary coded addresses being fed to each of said multiplexer circuits to control which of said input voltage and/or current signals are fed to the output signals.

13. The improvement of claim 12 wherein said voltage and current sensing circuits include an output circuit having an operational amplifier, said positive output of one of said multiplexer circuits being fed to the positive input of said operational amplifier and the negative output of the other of said multiplexer circuits being fed to the negative input of said amplifier.

14. The improvement of claim 13 further including a smoothing circuit connected to the output terminal of said operational amplifier.

15. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said pulse welder includes a multiplicity of welding heads, the improvement including an address generator circuit for identifying each of said multiple welding heads.

16. The improvement of claim 15 wherein said address circuit includes a binary counter which is stepped in response to the feeding of input pulses to the input circuitry of said binary counter.

17. The improvement of claim 16 wherein said characteristic generating means includes means for generating said input pulses for said binary counter, said last named generating means generating an initial reset pulse which is generated in coincidence with the sensing of the first of said multiple heads, said last named generating means generating further pulses to increment said binary counter to establish said address for each of said multiple heads.

18. The improvement of claim 17 wherein said increment pulses also control the feeding of said address pulses back to said characteristic generating means and to the remaining portion of the welding control system.

19. The improvement of claim 18 wherein said multiple heads are divided into a multiple bank of heads, said pulses incrementing said binary counter for a portion of said address and said last named generating means generating a direct pulse to indicate the bank for the address generated by the binary counter.

20. The improvement of claim 19 wherein said output of said binary counter and said bank address are fed through a plurality of inverter gates to provide driver current for said address signals to be utilized in the welding control system.

21. The improvement of claim 5 wherein said interface means further includes a multiplexer circuit for receiving the voltage and current signal from said sensing means, and means connected to said multiplexer circuit for generating signals for switching the multiplexer circuit from sensing voltage to sensing current.

22. The improvement of claim 21 wherein said switching signal is fed to a bi-stable device, a first switching signal switching from voltage to current, and a second signal switching from current to voltage.

23. The improvement of claim 22 wherein said multiplexer circuit is connected to feed analogue data to said analogue to digital converter circuit, said analogue to digital converter circuit converting both said voltage and current data from analogue form to digital form, said analogue to digital circuit being switched to the conversion state in response to said switched voltage and current pulses.

24. The improvement of claim 23 wherein said analogue to digital converter circuit includes a plurality of output bits, all of said digital bits being required by said characteristic generating means to sense a value for either said voltage or said current.

25. The improvement of claim 24 wherein said pulse welder includes a multiplicity of welding heads, the improvement including an address generator circuit for identifying each of said multiple welding heads.

26. The improvement of claim 25 wherein said address circuit includes a binary counter which is stepped in response to the feeding of input pulses to the input circuitry of said binary counter.

27. The improvement of claim 26 wherein said characteristic generating means includes means for generating said input pulses for said binary counter, said characteristic generating means generating an initial reset pulse which is generated in coincidence with the sensing of the first of said multiple heads, said last named generating means generating further pulses to increment said binary counter to establish said address for each of said multiple heads.

28. The improvement of claim 27 wherein said increment pulses also control the feeding of said address pulses back to said characteristic generating means and to the remaining portion of the welding control system.

29. The improvement of claim 28 wherein said multiple heads are divided into a multiple bank of heads, said pulses incrementing said binary counter for a portion of said address and said last named generating means generating a direct pulse to indicate the bank for the address generated by the binary counter.

30. The improvement of claim 29 wherein said output of said binary counter and said bank address are fed through a plurality of inverter gates to provide driver current for said address signals to be utilized in the welding control system.

31. The improvement of claim 30 wherein said address data bits are fed to a second set of output gates, and a portion of said voltage and current digital bits are fed to a third set of outputs gates, said system further including a plurality of data buss gates connected to said characteristic generating means to feed either address data or current or voltage data.

32. The improvement of claim 31 wherein said address data is switched to feed the said characteristic generating means with address data in response to the generation of the incrementing pulse for said binary counter.

33. The improvement of claim 32 wherein said switch voltage and current pulse feed the three bits of voltage and current data to said output gates in response to the generation of said switch voltage and current pulse.

34. The improvement of claim 6 wherein an interface circuit includes a circuit connected to sense the heat and cool impulses generated within the standard control circuit and to provide an input to a counter circuit within the standard control.

35. The improvement of claim 34 further including means for generating an altering pulse for shortening the cool time, said pulse being fed from said cool shortening generating means, through said interface circuit, to the counting circuit of the standard control to fool the standard control into counting a pulse not generated within the standard control.

36. The improvement of claim 35 wherein said cool shortening generated signal is fed through a single shot multivibrator circuit to provide a constant length pulse to be fed to said pulse counting circuit of said standard welder control.

37. The improvement of claim 36 wherein said multiple heads are divided into two banks of heads, said altering generated pulse being steered as to which bank the pulses to be counted for which bank in response to a bank address signal.

38. The improvement of claim 37 further including a second single shot multivibrator circuit having a time constant greater than said first single shot multivibrator circuit, said second single shot multivibrator circuit being provided with an input signal for generating said additional pulse, said second single shot multivibrator circuit inhibiting the output of any further input pulses for a preselected period of time.

39. The improvement of claim 38 wherein said interface means further includes a multiplexer circuit for receiving the voltage and current signal from said sensing means, said characteristic generating means generating signals for switching the multiplexer circuit from sensing voltage to sensing current.

40. The improvement of claim 39 wherein said switching signal is fed to a bi-stable device, one switching signal switching from voltage to current, and a second switching signal switching from current to voltage.

41. The improvement of claim 40 wherein said multiplexer circuit is connected to feed analogue data to said analogue to digital converter circuit, said analogue to digital converter circuit converting both said voltage and current data from analogue form to digital form, said analogue to digital circuit being switched to the conversion state in response to said switched voltage and current pulses.

42. The improvement of claim 41 wherein said analogue to digital converter circuit includes a plurality of output bits, all of said digital bits being required by said characteristic generating means to sense a value for either said voltage or said current.

43. The improvement of claim 42 wherein said pulse welder includes a multiplicity of welding heads, the improvement including an address generator circuit for identifying each of said multiple welding heads.

44. The improvement of claim 43 wherein said address circuit includes a binary counter which is stepped in response to the feeding of input pulses to the input circuitry of said binary counter.

45. The improvement of claim 44 further including means for generating said input pulses for said binary counter, said last named generating means generating an initial reset pulse which is generated in coincidence with the sensing of the first of said multiple heads, said last named means generating further pulses to increment said binary counter to establish said address for each of said multiple heads.

46. The improvement of claim 45 wherein said input pulses also control the feeding of said address pulses to the remaining portion of the welding control system.

47. The improvement of claim 46 wherein said multiple heads are divided into a multiple bank of heads, said pulses incrementing said binary counter for a portion of said address and said last named generating means generating a direct pulse to indicate the bank for the address generated by the binary counter.

48. The improvement of claim 47 wherein said output of said binary counter and said bank address are fed through a plurality of inverter gates to provide driver current for said address signals to be utilized in the welding control system.

49. The improvement of claim 48 wherein said address data bits are fed to a second set of output gates, and a portion of said voltage and current digital bits are fed to a third set of output gates, said system further including a plurality of data buss gates connected to said characteristic generating means to feed either address data or current or voltage data.

50. The improvement of claim 49 wherein said address data is switched to feed the said characteristic generating means with address data in response to the generation of the incrementing pulse for said binary counter.

51. The improvement of claim 50 wherein said switch voltage and current pulse feed the three bits of voltage and current data to said output gates in response to the generation of said switch voltage and current pulse.

52. In a welding control system for a pulse welder having a welding cycle including heat portions and cool portions, a source of welding pulses of preselected duration, a pulse welder including at least one welding head, a standard control circuit for generating a standard connected between the source and the welding head for controlling the application of alternate of the heat and cool portions to a welding load by controlling the number of welding pulses fed to the load during the heat portion and the duration of the cool portion, the standard control circuit including means for generating a series of clock pulses for controlling the duration of the heat and cool portions of the welding cycle of the load by counting a preselected number of clock pulses in the heat and cool portions of the cycle, an improvement method comprising the steps of altering the duration of heat and/or cool portions of the cycle counted by the standard control, sensing a first set of voltage and current characteristics flowing in the load during a heat impulse, generating a varying standard impedance characteristic from said first set of characteristics, sensing a second set of voltage and current characteristics, comparing impedance characteristics of the second set with the standard impedance characteristic, and generating an altering signal when the sensed impedance characteristic is not within the standard characteristics, and altering the heat and/or cool portions in response to the altering signal to maintain said second impedance characteristic within preselected limits of said standard characteristics.

53. The method of claim 52 wherein said characteristic generating means includes means for generating the control signal for controlling when the voltage and current are sensed.

54. The method of claim 52, further including the step of indicating the relationship of the standard impedance characteristic and the sense impedance characteristic when said standard impedance and said sensed impedance characteristics exceed certain values.

55. The method of claim 54 wherein said comparing means compares the standard impedance characteristics with the sensed impedance characteristics and generates said indicator signal when said sensed impedance characteristics differ algebraically from said standard impedance by a preselected amount.

56. The method of claim 52, further including the step of generating a binary coded address for each welded head being sensed, said binary coded address being fed to control which of said input voltage and/or current signals are fed to said characteristic generating means.

57. The method of claim 56, further including wherein said sensed data is analogue data, the method further including converting both said voltage and current data from analogue form to digital form.

58. The improvement of claim 52 wherein said comparing means generates a pulse for shortening the cool time, said pulse being fed from said comparing means to the standard control to cause the standard control into counting a pulse not generated within the standard control.