Motion discontinuance detection system and method

• US 4,450,351 A
• Filed: 02/24/1983
• Issued: 05/22/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Bio/Optical Sensor Partners Limited
• Original Assignee: Bio/Optical Sensor Partners Limited
• Inventors: Fraden, Jacob
• Primary Examiner(s): Nelms, David C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Westin, Edward P.
• Application Number:
  US06/469,467
• Time in Patent Office: 453 Days
• Field of Search: 250/221, 315/159, 315/360, 340/526-530, 340/555-557, 340/573, 307/116-117, 362/276, 362/802, 358/105
• US Class Current: 250/221
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 8/12 using one transmitter and one receiver
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/19602 Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/19619 Details of casing
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/19636 pertaining to the camera
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 362/802 Position or condition responsive switch

Abstract

A motion detection system is disclosed which utilizes a lens or other imaging device to be responsive to motion in a particular field of view in a room, for example, and pass illumination to a photocell. The photocell or a screen in front thereof establishes image distortion so that there is a nonuniform electrical output from the photocell upon motion of objects in the given field of view. The nonuniform electrical output establishes pulses which are passed to a timer and continually resets the timer so long as there is motion detected. Upon discontinuance of any motion in the field of view, no further pulses are passed to reset the timer, and the timer times out to de-energize an electrical load. This may be an electrical lamp illuminating the field of view, or it may be an electric soldering iron or typewriter which is de-energized when the person has left the room.

Claims

1. A detection system for determining the discontinuation of motion, comprising, in combination:

an electrical circuit having a detector and photosensitive means;

imaging means to establish illumination on said photosensitive means from a given field of view;

alternating condition image distortion means included in one of said imaging means and said photosensitive means to establish nonuniform electrical output of said photosensitive means upon motion of objects in said given field of view effecting a change in illumination on said photosensitive means;

timer means connected to close load switch means and having an input from said detector;

said timer means having a given time period at the expiration of which said load switch means are opened unless said timer means is reactivated during said given time period;

means connecting the output of said photosensitive means to said detector to detect a change in illumination on said photosensitive means to reactivate said timer means;

means to supply from the closed condition of said load switch means an operating voltage to at least part of said electrical circuit so as to have an output from said timer means adapted to close said load switch means; and

electrical means including a semiconductor and responsive to the initial change of illumination upon turn-off of illumination to activate said semiconductor to assure continued open condition of said load switch means.

2. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, including means to manually establish a closed condition of said load switch means to energize said at least part of said electrical circuit.

3. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said image distortion means includes a plurality of lenses.

4. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said image distortion means includes a nonuniform photosensitive means.

5. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said image distortion means includes at least one pinhole aperture positioned between said photosensitive means and said field of view.

6. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said supply means is power supply means connected to receive a voltage in accordance with said load switch means in the closed condition,

and means to supply an operating voltage to said electrical circuit from said power supply means.

7. A detection system as set forth in claim 6, including a circuit element energized by the closing of said load switch means,

and said power supply means connected to be energized from said circuit element.

8. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said load switch means includes a semiconductor switch having main terminals and a control electrode,

means for connecting said main terminals in series with load terminals and alternating voltage source terminals,

a Zener diode connected between said control electrode and a control terminal,

and a power supply having an input connected between said control terminal and a main terminal of said semiconductor switch to energize said power supply with a maximum voltage corresponding to the breakdown voltage of said Zener diode.

9. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said load switch means includes a Triac,

a Zener diode connected between the gate of said Triac and a control terminal, and

a power supply for said electrical circuit connected between said control terminal and a terminal of said Triac.

10. A detection system as set forth in claim 9, including a normally-open, momentary-close start switch connected between the other terminal of said Triac and said control terminal.

11. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said supply means includes a filter capacitor;

and

said semiconductor being connected to the output of said timer means and connected to discharge said filter capacitor upon said timer means timing out.

12. A detection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said supply means includes a filter capacitor;

said electrical means including an amplifier;

the initial turn-off of said part of said circuit being accomplished by said timer means timing out and changing polarity of the output thereof;

said semiconductor being connected to the output of said timer means and passing the changed polarity output thereof to said amplifier to drive the output thereof to a polarity opposite said given polarity; and

means connecting said opposite polarity output of said amplifier to said filter capacitor to discharge said filter capacitor.

13. A motion detection system, comprising, in combination:

an electrical circuit having a detector connected to the output of photosensitive means;

imaging means to establish illumination on said photosensitive means from a given field of view;

alternating condition image distortion means included in one of said imaging means and said photosensitive means to establish nonuniform electrical output of said photosensitive means upon motion of objects in said given field of view;

a housing for said electrical circuit;

shield means in said housing establishing at least a part of said given field of view and shielding said photosensitive means from direct illumination from electrical illuminating means of said field of view;

timer means connected to the output of said detector adapted to maintain energization of the terminals of the illuminating means upon motion of objects in said given field of view and de-energization of the terminals of the illumination means upon passage of a given time period subsequent to discontinuance of motion of objects in said given field of view; and

electrical means including an amplifier having an output change responsive to the initial change of illumination upon de-energization of the terminals of the illumination means to establish continued de-energization of said illumination means terminals.

14. A motion detection system as set forth in claim 13, wherein said shield means includes a recessed mounting for said photosensitive means to shield said photosensitive means from ambient and overhead light.

15. A motion detection system as set forth in claim 13, including means to movably mount said shield means in said housing.

16. A motion detection system as set forth in claim 15, including means to clamp said movable mount in said housing at a desired orientation.

17. A method of utilizing imaging means, photosensitive means, and a timer for determining an appropriate time to de-energize an electrical load usable in the presence of humans in a room,

said method comprising the steps of:

establishing the light reflected by objects in a given field of view in the room to be directed by the imaging means to illuminate the photosenitive means;

providing alternating condition image distortion means to establish nonuniform illumination of said photosensitive means upon motion of objects in said given field of view;

connecting the timer to the photosensitive means and to terminals of the electrical load to establish continued energization to the electrical load terminals upon detection of motion in said given field of view and to establish de-energization of the electrical load terminals and the photosensitive means upon the passing of a given period of time subsequent to the discontinuation of motion in said given field of view; and

effecting conduction of a semiconductor upon the initial turn-off of illumination in the room to override the control of the load terminals by the timer for establishing continued deenergization of said load terminals.

18. The method as set forth in claim 17, including supplying electrical power to the electrical circuit, including the photosensitive means and the timer, in accordance with the energization of the load terminals.

19. The method as set forth in claim 18, including terminating the supply of electrical power to the electrical circuit in accordance with de-energization of the electrical load terminals.

20. A detection system for determining the discontinuation of motion, comprising, in combination:

an electrical circuit having a detector and photosensitive means responsive to motion of objects in a given field of view effecting a change in illumination on said photosensitive means;

timer means connected to close load switch means and having an input from said detector;

said timer means having a given time period at the expiration of which said load switch means is opened unless said timer means is reactivated during said given time period;

means connecting the output of said photosensitive means to said detector to detect a change in illumination on said photosensitive means to reactivate said timer means;

means to supply an operating voltage to at least part of said electrical circuit so as to have an output from said timer means adapted to close said load switch means;

electrical means responsive to the initial change of illumination upon turn-off of illumination to assure a continued open condition of said load switch means;

said supply means having an operating voltage of a given polarity;

said electrical means including a semiconductor;

the initial turn-off of illumination being accomplished by said timer means timing out and changing polarity of the output thereof; and

said semiconductor being connected to the output of said timer means and connected to pass the changed polarity output thereof to maintain the open condition of said load switch means.

21. A detection system as set forth in claim 20, wherein said supply means has a filter capacitor;

and

said semiconductor is connected to discharge said filter capacitor.

22. A detection system as set forth in claim 20, wherein said semiconductor is a diode.

23. A detection system as set forth in claim 20, wherein said electrical means includes an amplifier;

a filter capacitor in said supply means and having the same given polarity as said supply means;

said semiconductor being connected to said amplifier to pass the changed polarity output of the timer means to the amplifier to drive the output thereof to the polarity opposite said given polarity; and

means connecting the opposite polarity output of said amplifier to said filter capacitor to discharge said filter capacitor.