Speech intelligibility enhancement

• US 4,454,609 A
• Filed: 10/05/1981
• Issued: 06/12/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 10/05/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Sundstrand Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Signatron, Inc.
• Inventors: Kates, James M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kemeny, E. S. Matt
• Application Number:
  US06/308,273
• Time in Patent Office: 981 Days
• Field of Search: 179/107 R, 179/107 FD, 179/1 P, 179/1 VL, 381/68, 381/94, 381/46, 381/104, 381/107
• US Class Current: 381/320
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0232 Processing in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0364 for improving intelligibility
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2225/43 Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility

Abstract

In a communications system, consonant high frequency sounds are enhanced: the greater the high frequency content relative to the low, the more such high frequency content is boosted.

Claims

1. A system for processing an input speech signal comprising

means responsive to said input speech signal for estimating the short-time spectral content of said input speech signal as a function of frequency relative to the short-time spectral content at a specified frequency or frequency region of said input speech signal:

control means responsive to said spectral content estimate for determining when consonants are present in said input speech signal and for providing one or more control signals; and

means responsive to said one or more control signals for dynamically modifying the short-time spectral content of said input speech signal to produce an output speech signal in which said consonants are enhanced.

2. A system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the estimating means estimates the short-time spectral content in each of a plurality of selected frequency bands relative to the short-time spectral content in one or more of said frequency bands.

3. A system in accordance with claims 1 or 2 wherein said estimating means includes

means for separating said input speech signal into a plurality of selected frequency bands;

and

means responsive to the portions of said input speech signal in each of said frequency bands for estimating the short-time spectral content in each of said frequency bands relative to the short-time spectral content in a selected one or more of said frequency bands;

said control means being responsive to the short-time spectral content estimates in said frequency bands for producing said one or more control signals.

4. A system in accordance with claim 3 wherein said separating means is a band of filters.

5. A system in accordance with claim 3 wherein said estimating means includes

a plurality of envelope detection means for detecting the envelope characteristics of said input speech signal in each of said frequency bands;

and

said control means is responsive to said envelope characteristics for providing said one or more control signals.

6. A system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said control means includes

means responsive to said envelope characteristics for providing a plurality of weighting signals;

and

means responsive to said weighting signals for producing said one or more control signals.

7. A system in accordance with claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wherein said modifying means includes

a plurality of filter circuits each having a different characteristic over the frequency spectrum of said input speech signal;

and

means responsive to said one or more control signals for selecting one of said plurality of filter circuits to modify said input speech signal so as to produce said output speech signal.

8. A system in accordance with claims 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wherein said modifying means includes

means responsive to a plurality of control signals for modifying the spectral content of the input speech signal in each of said selected frequency bands;

and

means for combining the modified input speech signal in each of said selected frequency bands to produce said output speech signal.

9. A system in accordance with claim 8 wherein said modifying means provides a plurality of selectable gains for multiplying the amplitude of the input speech signal by a selected gain factor in each of said selected frequency bands.

10. A system in accordance with claims 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wherein said modifying means includes

a plurality of second filter means for separating said input speech signal into a plurality of second selected frequency bands;

means responsive to a plurality of control signals for modifying the spectral content of the input speech signal in each of said second selected frequency bands; and

means for combining the modified input speech signal in each of said second selected frequency bands to produce said output speech signal.

11. A system in accordance with claim 10 wherein said modifying means provides a plurality of selectable gains for multiplying the amplitude of the input speech signal by a selected gain factor in each of said second selected frequency bands.

12. A system in accordance with claim 6 wherein said weighting signal producing means includes

matrix means responsive to said envelope characteristics for multiplying said envelope characteristics by a plurality of second coefficient values;

and

means for combining said multiplied envelope characteristics so as to produce said weighting signals.

13. A system in accordance with claim 12 wherein said combining means includes

means for combining envelope characteristics multiplied by said first coefficients to produce a plurality of first combined signals;

means for combining said envelope characteristics multiplied by said second coefficients to produce a plurality of second combined signals;

means for determining a plurality of ratios of said plurality of first and second combined signals, said ratios representing said weighting signals.

14. A system in accordance with claim 9 wherein said gain factors are selected so as to provide first selected gains when said weighting signals are below selected levels and second selected gains when said weighting signals are at or above said selected levels.

15. A system in accordance with claim 14 wherein said first selected gains are unity below said selected levels.

16. A system in accordance with claim 15 wherein said second selected gains are proportional to W^N, where W is the weighting signal for a selected band and N is a selected exponent.

17. A system in accordance with claim 16 where N is selected as equal to a value within a range from about 1 to about 3.

18. A system in accordance with claim 17 wherein N is selected as equal to 2.

19. A system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said envelope detection means detects the peaks of said envelope characteristics and the valleys of said envelope characteristics in each of said frequency bands.

20. A system in accordance with claim 19 and further including means for subtracting said valley envelope characteristics from said peak envelope characteristics to form combined envelope characteristics in each said frequency band and said control means in response to said combined envelope characteristics.

21. A method for processing an input speech signal comprising the steps of

estimating the short-time spectral content of said speech signal as a function of frequency relative to the short-time spectral content at a specified frequency or frequency region of said input speech signal

determining when consonants are present in said input signal in accordance with said short-time spectral content estimate;

and

dynamically modifying the short-time spectral content of said input speech signal in accordance with said determination to produce an output speech signal in which said consonants are enhanced.

22. A method in accordance with claim 21 wherein said dynamic modification includes the steps of

producing one or more control signals in accordance with said determination;

and

controlling the dynamic modification of the short-time spectral content of said input speech signal in accordance with said control signals.

23. A method in accordance with claims 21 or 22 wherein

said estimating step includes the steps of estimating the short-time spectral contents of each of a plurality of first separate frequency bands of said input speech signal relative to the short-time spectral content of one or more of said frequency bands.

24. A method in accordance with claim 23 wherein said dynamic modification step includes the step of selecting a filter means having a spectral response specified in accordance with said estimate.

25. A method in accordance with claim 23 wherein said dynamic modification step includes the step of dynamically modifying the short-time spectral content of said input speech signal in a plurality of second separate frequency bands in accordance with said estimate.

26. A method in accordance with claim 25 wherein the plurality of first separate frequency bands substantially coincides with the plurality of second separate frequency bands.

27. A method in accordance with claim 25 wherein the plurality of first separate frequency bands are different from the plurality of second separate frequency bands.