Portable battery powered system

• US 4,455,523 A
• Filed: 06/07/1982
• Issued: 06/19/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Unova Incorporated (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Norand Corporation (Baker Hughes Company)
• Inventors: Koenck, Steven E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, William M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ault, Anita M.
• Application Number:
  US06/385,830
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 320/2, 320/35, 320/39, 320/43, 320/48, 340/636
• US Class Current: 320/131
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/374 with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/263 Arrangements for using multiple switchable power supplies, e.g. battery and AC G06F1/30 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/213 adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic H01M50/209, H01M50/216 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/50 Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/569 Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements G01R31/364
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5044 Cells or batteries structurally combined with cell condition indicating means
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/505 Cells combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light intensity
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00036 Charger exchanging data with battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00038 using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors identification by mechanical connections H02J7/0045
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0049 Detection of fully charged condition
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0068 Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply H02J7/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0071 with a programmable schedule
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00711 with introduction of pulses during the charging process
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00712 : the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00714 : in response to battery charging or discharging current
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007194 : of the battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/061 : for DC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 320/21 : State of charge of battery

Abstract

In an exemplary embodiment, a battery monitoring system includes sensors for monitoring battery parameters and a memory for storing data based thereon; for example, data may be stored representative of available battery capacity as measured during a deep discharge cycle, and by monitoring battery current thereafter during operation, a relatively accurate measure of remaining battery capacity becomes available. The battery monitoring system may include programmed processor circuitry and may be secured to the battery so as to receive operating power therefrom during storage and handling; thus, the performance of a given battery in actual use can be accurately judged since the battery system can itself maintain a count of accumulated hours of use and other relevant parameters.

Claims

1. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters, representative of available battery capacity as measured during a deep discharge cycle, and

means comprising said memory means for indicating remaining battery capacity.

2. A portable battery powered system in accordance with claim 1, with

said utilization device comprising data processing means operatively coupled with said battery means for operation from battery power,

said battery monitoring means having data communication means operatively coupled with said data processing means of said utilization device, and providing for the transmission of data messages to said data processing means.

3. A portable battery powered system according to claim 1, with

said utilization device comprising data processing means operatively coupled with said battery means for operation from battery power,

said data processing means requiring a minimum battery voltage value from said battery means, and

said memory means being electrically connected with said battery means for receiving operating power therefrom during portable operation of said utilization device and being operable with a battery voltage substantially less than said minimum battery voltage value.

4. A portable battery powered system according to claim 1, with

said battery parameter sensing means comprising battery charge flow measurement means operatively coupled with said battery means for measuring the charge flow from the battery means during portable operation of said utilization device and for supplying battery charge flow data to said memory means, said memory means being operatively coupled with said battery charge flow measurement means for storing data representative of the quantities of charge supplied by said battery means during a portable operating cycle thereof.

5. A portable battery powered system according to claim 1, further comprising

charging control means operatively coupled with said battery means for controlling the rate of charging of said battery means.

6. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sending means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

said utilization device having battery receiving means for removably receiving said battery means and said battery monitoring means.

7. A portable battery powered system according to claim 6, with

said battery monitoring means being secured to said battery means for removal and replacement as a unit with respect to said battery receiving means.

8. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

said utilization device comprising data processing means operatively coupled with said battery means for operation from battery power,

said battery monitoring means having data communication means operatively coupled with said data processing means of said utilization device, and providing for the transmission of data messages to said data processing means,

said battery monitoring means being secured with said battery means for removal and replacement as a unit with respect to said utilization device.

9. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

said memory means being electrically powered by said battery means during removal of the battery means and said battery monitoring means including said memory means as a unit from said utilization device and during transport thereof separate from the utilization device.

10. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

charging control means operatively coupled with said battery means for controlling the rate of charging of said battery means,

said charging control means comprising digital to analog converter means for generating respective analog charge level command signals representing respective charging rates suited to the recharging of the battery means under respective varying conditions.

11. A portable battery powered system according to claim 10, with

said charging control means comprising a battery charging voltage input forming part of a battery charging current path for said battery means,

charging current regulating means operatively coupled with said battery charging voltage input and operative to control the magnitude of the charging current supplied to said battery means via said battery charging current path,

said charging current regulating means having a control input for receiving a charging level control signal and being operative to control the charging current supplied to said battery means in accordance with said charging level control signal, and

battery charging current sensing means operatively coupled with said battery charging current path for sensing the magnitude of battery charging current,

said charging control means further comprising comparator means having input means operatively coupled with said battery charging current sensing means and with said digital to analog converter means and having a comparator output operatively coupled with said control input of said charging current regulating means for controlling the magnitude of the battery charging current in accordance with the analog charge level command signal from said digital to analog converter means.

12. A portable battery powered system according to claim 11, with said battery parameter sensing means further comprising

battery charging voltage sensing means operatively coupled with said battery charging voltage during a battery charging cycle, and

analog to digital converter means operatively coupled with said charging voltage sensing means and operative to periodically read the value of said charging voltage during a battery charging cycle.

13. A portable battery powered system according to claim 11, with said battery parameter sensing means further comprising

battery temperature sensing means operatively coupled with said battery means for sensing the temperafture of the battery means during a battery charging cycle, and

analog to digital converter means operatively coupled with said temperature sensing means and operative to periodically read the value of battery temperature during a battery charging cycle.

14. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

a battery charging voltage input forming part of a battery charging current path for said battery means,

battery charging voltage sensing means operatively coupled with said battery charging voltage input for sensing charging voltage during a battery charging cycle,

battery temperature sensing means operatively coupled with said battery means for sensing the temperature of the battery means during a battery charging cycle,

analog to digital converter means having first and second comparator means with a common reference input and respective first and second analog inputs, and

first and second coupling means coupling said battery charging voltage sensing means and said battery temperature sensing means to the respective first and second analog inputs of the respective first and second comparator means and adapting the analog input levels at said first and second analog inputs to a common digitally generated reference level at said common reference input.

15. A portable battery powered system according to claim 14, with said analog to digital converter means further comprising

digitally controlled reference means for generating respective discrete digitally generated reference levels and operatively coupled with said first and second comparator means for supplying a digitally generated reference level for matching the analog input levels at the respective first and second comparator means periodically in a desired sequence.

16. A portable battery powered system according to claim 15, further comprising

battery voltage sensing means operatively coupled with said battery means for sensing battery output voltage,

third comparator means operatively coupled with said common reference input for receiving the digitally generated reference signal from said digitally controlled reference means in common with said first and second comparator means and having a third analog input, and

third coupling means coupling said battery voltage sensing means with said third analog input and adapting the analog input level at said third analog input to the common digitally generated reference level at said common reference input.

17. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

battery discharge mode control means operatively coupled with said battery means for controlling discharge of the battery means prior to recharge thereof, for the purpose of conditioning of the battery means and prolonging its useful life.

18. A portable battery powered system according to claim 17, with

said battery discharge mode control means comprising discharge current control means operatively coupled with said battery means and providing a battery current discharge path capable of discharging the battery means down to a deep discharge level during a deep discharge cycle having a time duration of not more than ten hours.

19. A portable battery powered system according to claim 18, with said battery discharge mode control means further comprising

battery voltage sensing means operatively coupled with said battery means and operative to sense the output voltage of said battery means during a deep discharge cycle,

analog to digital converter means operatively coupled with said battery voltage sensing means and operative to periodically read the value of the output voltage of said battery means during a deep discharge cycle, and

digital logic means operatively coupled with said discharge current control means and operative to supply a digital logic signal to said discharge current control means when the output voltage of said battery means corresponds to a deep discharge condition of the battery means.

20. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

said battery monitoring means further comprising programmed processor circuitry having a processor supply voltage input, and

voltage regulator means operatively coupled with said battery means for receiving battery voltage therefrom and operatively coupled with said processor supply voltage input for supplying a selected operating voltage to said programmed processor circuitry.

21. A portable battery powered system according to claim 20, further comprising

a battery charging voltage input electrically coupled with said battery means for supplying battery charging current to said battery means via a battery charging current path, and

coupling means for coupling said battery charging voltage input with said programmed processor circuitry for supplying operating current to said processor circuitry during a charging cycle.

22. A portable battery powered system according to claim 20, with

said programmed processor circuitry having a minimum operating voltage less than a deep discharge voltage of the battery means and less than a minimum battery operating voltage of said portable battery powered utilization device.

23. A portable battery powered system according to claim 22, further comprising

deep discharge circuit means for operative electrical connection with said battery means for effecting a deep discharge cycle of said battery means prior to recharging thereof, and

discharge control means operatively coupled with said battery means and with said deep discharge circuit means and operative to terminate a deep discharge cycle before the battery voltage falls below said minimum operating voltage of said programmed processor circuitry.

24. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

said battery parameter sensing means comprising battery charge flow measurement means operatively coupled with said battery means for sensing charge flow from the battery means during portable operation of said utilization device, and

programmed processor circuitry operatively coupled with said battery charge flow measurement means and having program means for generating a digital number matching the analog value of the charge flow as sent by said battery charge flow measurement means at respective sampling intervals and operatively coupled with said memory means for storing data representative of the quantity of charge supplied by said battery means during a portable operating cycle thereof.

25. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameters and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters,

said battery parameter sensing means comprising battery charge flow measurement means operatively coupled with said battery means for sensing charge flow from the battery means during portable operation of said utilization device, and

analog to digital converter means operatively coupled with said battery charge flow measurement means for supplying readings of battery charge flow,

said memory means being operatively coupled with said analog to digital converter means for storing data representative of the quantity of charge supplied by said battery means during a portable operating cycle thereof.

26. A portable battery powered system according to claim 25, with said battery parameter sensing means further comprising

battery voltage sensing means operatively coupled with said battery means for measuring the output voltage of said battery means,

said analog to digital converter means being operatively coupled with said battery voltage sensing means for supplying readings of battery output voltage, and

said memory means being operatively coupled with said analog to digital converter means and being operative to store data based on the battery output voltage readings.

27. A portable battery powered system according to claim 25, with said battery parameter sensing means further comprising

battery temperature sensing means operatively coupled with said battery means for sensing battery temperature during portable operation of said utilization device,

said analog to digital converter means being operatively coupled with said battery temperature sensing means for supplying readings of battery temperature, and

said memory means being operatively coupled with said analog to digital converter means to store data based on the battery temperature readings.

28. In a portable battery powered system,

a portable battery powered utilization device for operating from battery power during portable operation, thereof,

battery means operatively coupled with said utilization device for supplying operating power thereto, and

battery monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters,

said utilization device together with said battery means and said battery monitoring means having a size and weight to be carried by an individual person, and

said battery monitoring means comprising battery parameter sensing means for sensing battery parameter and comprising memory means operatively coupled with said battery parameter sensing means and operative for storing data based on said battery parameters.

battery charge flow measurement means operatively coupled with said battery means for sensing charge flow from the battery means during portable operation of said utilization device,

said battery charge flow measurement means supplying an analog battery charge flow measurement signal which varies as a function of time in accordance with battery discharge current,

said battery monitoring means comprising integration means operatively coupled with said battery charge flow measurement means for integrating the analog battery charge flow measurement signal with respect to time to provide an integrated analog battery charge flow measurement and having a measurement time interval within which the integrated analog battery charge flow measurement will substantially accurately reflect total battery discharge current, and

analog to digital converter means operatively coupled with said integration means and being timed with respect to the measurement time interval of the integration means for sampling the integrated battery charge flow measurement within said measurement time interval.

29. In a battery monitoring system for a portable battery powered device,

battery means for operative coupling with a portable battery powered device for the purpose of supplying battery current thereto during portable operation,

said battery means comprising a rechargeable battery pack of a size and weight such as to be operatively coupled to and carried with a portable battery powered device by an individual person,

battery condition monitoring circuitry comprising memory means for storing a battery condition measurement value based on discharge operation of the battery pack to a deep discharge level, and

battery current monitoring means operatively coupled with said battery pack during portable operation thereof as part of a portable battery powered device and operable for monitoring battery current supplied by said battery pack and operatively coupled with said memory means for supplying battery condition information based on the battery condition measurement value and the battery current supplied by the battery pack after the last charging thereof,

said battery condition monitoring circuitry being operative to provide a user of the portable battery powered device with an indication of the remaining operating time of the device before recharging of the battery pack is required.

30. A battery monitoring system according to claim 29, with said battery current monitoring means comprising

battery current sensing means operatively coupled with said battery pack for sensing the magnitude of the instantaneous battery current supplied by said battery pack during said portable operation,

integration means operatively coupled with said battery current sensing means for forming an integral with respect of time of the battery current and for providing an indication of the total amount of charge supplied by the battery pack after the last charging thereof as part of said battery condition information, and

output means operatively coupled with said memory means for displaying a battery condition indication based on said battery condition information and indicative of the remaining operating time of the device.

31. A battery monitoring system according to claim 29, with

said battery condition monitoring circuitry being secured to said battery pack for manipulation as a unit therewith in the removal and replacement of the battery pack from a portable battery powered device.

32. A battery monitoring system according to claim 29, with said battery condition monitoring circuitry comprising a microprocessor operatively coupled with said battery current monitoring means and operable for controlling said memory means to effect the storage therein of said battery condition information.

33. In a battery condition system for a portable battery powered device,

battery means for operative coupling with a portable battery powered device for the purpose of supplying battery current thereto during portable operation,

said battery means comprising a rechargeable battery pack of a size and weight such as to be operatively coupled to and carried with a portable battery powered device by an individual person, and

battery conditioning circuitry operatively coupled with said battery pack and carried therewith for manipulation as a unit in the removal and replacement of the battery pack from a portable battery powered device.

34. A battery conditioning system in accordance with claim 33, with said battery conditioning circuitry being operative for effecting a deep discharge cycle of said battery means.

35. A battery conditioning system in accordance with claim 33, with said battery conditioning circuitry being operative to sense battery parameters during a battery charging operation.

36. A battery conditioning system in accordance with claim 33, with said battery conditioning circuitry comprising digital processor means carried as a unit with said battery means and memory means controlled by said porcessor means for maintaining a measure of remaining battery capacity during portable operation of said battery means with a portable battery powered device.

37. In a battery conditioning system for a portable battery powered device requiring a minimum operating voltage for reliable operation,

battery means for operative coupling with a portable battery powered device for the purpose of supplying operating energy thereto,

said battery means comprising a rechargeable electrochemical energy storage medium having an output voltage which is a function not only of the energy stored thereby but also of the number of shallow energy discharge cycles which have occurred after its last deep discharge cycle,

said battery means being of a size and weight to be carried by an individual person along with a portable battery powered device requiring a minimum operating voltage for reliable portable operation, and

battery conditioning circuitry operatively coupled with said battery means and operable for effecting a deep discharge cycle wherein the battery output voltage is reduced to a value below said minimum operating voltage.

38. A battery conditioning system in accordance with claim 37, with

said battery conditioning circuitry comprising digital processor means operatively coupled with said battery means for monitoring battery parameters and for sensing when the battery output voltage is reduced to a value below said minimum operating voltage so as to terminate the deep discharge cycle.

39. A battery conditioning system in accordance with claim 38, with said digital processor means being reliably operable with a range of supply voltages including supply voltage values above and below said minimum operating voltage of a portable battery powered device to be operated by said battery means.

40. A battery conditioning system in accordance with claim 37, with said battery conditioning circuitry being secured with said battery means for removal and replacement as a unit from a portable battery powered device.

41. A battery conditioning system according to claim 37, with

said battery conditioning circuitry comprising battery discharge circuit means operatively coupled with said battery means and controllable to effect a deep discharge cycle of said battery means such that the output voltage of the battery means falls below said minimum operating voltage of a portable battery powered device.

42. A battery conditioning system according to claim 41, with

said battery conditioning circuitry comprising discharge energy measurement means operatively coupled with said battery means for measuring the amount of energy supplied by said battery means during a deep discharge cycle as a measure of the condition of the battery means.

43. A battery conditioning system in accordance with claim 42, with said battery conditioning circuitry further comprising

memory means operatively coupled with said discharge energy measurement means to store a battery capacity indication based on the amount of energy supplied by said battery means during a deep discharge cycle.