High brightness internal reflector for liquid crystal displays and its method of fabrication

• US 4,456,336 A
• Filed: 10/05/1982
• Issued: 06/26/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: Chung, Chi H., Lu, Sun, Chung, David B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Corbin, John K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Gallivan, Richard
• Application Number:
  US06/433,026
• Time in Patent Office: 630 Days
• Field of Search: 350/339 R, 350/339 D, 350/338, 350/276 R
• US Class Current: 349/160
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0043 Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0068 arranged in a single integral body or plate, e.g. laminates or hybrid structures with other optical elements G02B5/1885, G02B17/002, G02B30/27 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/0858 the reflecting layers comprising a single metallic layer with one or more dielectric layers
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/10 with curved faces
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133553 Reflecting elements associated to illuminating devices G02F1/133605
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 359/90 Methods

Abstract

A reflector for use in liquid crystal displays is disclosed comprising a plate having a micro-lenticular surface over which are successive layers of reflective material, such as aluminum or silver and a light transparent material having a low index of refraction, i.e., an inex of refraction below that of SiO₂, which is in optical contact with the reflective layer.

The present invention also contemplates the method of fabricating such a reflective surface.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal display device including at least a top and bottom cover plate spaced apart from each other and having at least one electrode selectively disposed on the inner surface of each plate, a liquid crystal composition filling the space therebetween and in contact with a least one electrode on each plate such that an electrical potential applied to such electrodes effects a change in the optical state of the liquid crystal material located between the electrodes, said device further including a reflector assembly positioned between the plates, said reflector assembly comprising

a substrate having a micro-lenticular surface, a reflective structure overlying and substantially replicating the micro-lenticular surface, and light transparent, low index outer organic layer overlying the reflective structure and also substantially replicating the micro-lenticular surface and in contact with the liquid crystal composition, which outer layer has an index of refraction not greater than that of SiO₂, whereby the micro-lenticular surface, in combination with the replicated, low index outer layer results in an optically spreading reflector assembly having a high decree of reflectance over an extended viewing angle, the low index layer causing light reflected from the reflective structure and reaching the outer surface of the cover plate at greater than the critical angle at that surface whereat it would be totally internally reflected, to be redirected such that some of the light reaches that surface at less than the critical angle, thus allowing more light to pass out of the device.

2. A display device according to claim 1 wherein said substrate comprises a glass plate having concave shaped micro-cavities on a surface thereof.

3. A display device according to claim 1, wherein said substrate comprises a polymeric sheet having convex shaped micro-cavities on a surface thereof.

4. A display device according to claim 1, wherein said micro-lenticular surface consists of convex or concave shapes having a peak-to-peak amplitude ranging from 0.5 μ

m to 2.5 μ

m and a diameter ranging from 5 μ

m to 25 μ

m.

5. A display device according to claim 1, wherein said reflective structure is selected from aluminum, silver and multiple layer dielectrics.

6. A display device according to claim 1, wherein said reflective structure comprises a layer of metallic, relatively conductive film which may function as a said electrode to which an electrical potential may be applied.

7. A display device according to claim 6, wherein said conductive film is primarily aluminum or silver.

8. A display device according to claim 7, wherein said conductive film ranges in thickness from 1000 Angstroms to 15,000 Angstroms.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein said transparent layer has a index of refraction of from 1.33 to 1.46.

10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein said transparent layer has a thickness of from about 500 Angstroms to 2000 Anstroms.

11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the organic transparent layer is selected from fluoropolymers, including polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluorochloroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride.

12. In a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal composition disposed between two spaced plates, one of which is a light transparent front plate, and other of which is an electrically insulating rear plate, the improvement comprising:

said rear plate having on the inner surface thereof a micro-lenticular surface,

said micro-lenticular surface having deposited thereon a layer of light reflective material which replicates the micro-lenticular surface, and

said light reflective material having deposited thereon an organic layer of light transparent material, the outer surface of which also replicates the micro-lenticular surface and is in optical contact with said liquid crystal composition, the index of refraction of said transparent material being not greater than that of SiO₂.

13. A liquid crystal display device comprising

(a) an enclosure containing a liquid crystal material therein;

(b) a front window for passing light into the enclosure to be preferentially reflected therefrom, having substantially transparent electrode covering at least a portion of the inner surface of the window, and

(c) at least one rear electrode adjacent a rear portion of the enclosure and separated by the liquid crystal material from the transparent electrode, said electrodes being adapted to allow application of an electric potential therebetween to thereby polarize the liquid crystal material to selectively alter the reflectivity thereof, characterized by a reflector structure positioned between said at least one electrode and said liquid crystal material, said structure including a

(i) substrate having a micro-lenticular, substantially optically spreading surface thereon,

(ii) a layer of light reflective material overlying and conforming to said micro-lenticular surface for providing a substantially optically spreading reflectorized surface, and

(iii) an organic layer of a light transparent material overlying the layer of the light reflective material and in optical contact therewith, said light transparent material having an index of refraction not greater than that of SiO₂ whereby the optically spreading reflectorized surface in combination with the layer of low index material results in a high degree of reflection over an extended viewing angle within which total internal reflection at the outer surface of the front window does not occur, thus extending the useful viewing angle of the display device.

14. A method for fabricating a reflective surface for liquid crystal display devices comprising:

providing a substrate having on at least one major surface thereof a micro-lenticular surface,

depositing on said micro-lenticular surface a layer of light reflective material and thereafter depositing a light transparent organic material over and in optical contact with said layer of light reflective material, said light transparent material having an index of refraction not greater than SiO₂.

15. The method according to claim 14 comprising providing said micro-lenticular surface by lapping a glass plate and then thereafter etching said lapped glass plate for a time sufficient to provide a surface having a plurality of concave indentations on the surface thereof ranging in thickness and depth from about 0.5 to 2.5 μ

m and having diameters ranging from about 5 to 25 μ

m.

16. The method according to claim 15 comprising continuing said etching for approximately 30 minutes.

17. The method according to claim 16 comprising depositing said light reflective film by vacuum deposition.

18. The method according to claim 17 comprising depositing said light reflective layer until it has a thickness ranging from about 1000 to 15,000 Angstroms.

19. The method according to claim 18 comprising depositing said light transparent layer to a thickness generally ranging from about 500 Angstroms to 2000 Angstroms.

20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising using said lapped and etched glass plate as a master and forming therefrom polymeric substrates having a micro-lenticular replicated surfaces.