Drop controller

• US 4,460,353 A
• Filed: 09/08/1980
• Issued: 07/17/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 09/08/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ALARIS Medical Systems, Inc. (Becton, Dickinson & Co)
• Original Assignee: IMED Corp (Becton, Dickinson & Co)
• Inventors: Wilson, Larry L., Deckert, Clinton L., Jenkins, Jon A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hanley, John C.
• Application Number:
  US06/185,378
• Time in Patent Office: 1,408 Days
• Field of Search: 128/214 E, 128/214 F, 128/DIG. 13, 128/214 C, 604/30-34, 604/65, 604/67
• US Class Current: 604/31
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1689 Drip counters
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/7086 using optical detecting arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 13/006 measuring volume in function of time
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 25/0092 for metering by volume

Abstract

Apparatus controls the rate of passage of fluid drops through a drip controller in accordance with a preset rate. When the rate of passage of the fluid drops is less than the preset rate, a stepper motor is incrementally operated at progressive instants of time to open the drip chamber until the measured rate is equal to the preset rate. When the rate of passage of the fluid drops is greater than the preset rate, the stepper motor is operated instantaneously to close the passage through a number of increments corresponding to the difference in the measured and preset rates.

An alarm is energized when the stepper motor is positioned to provide for a maximum flow of fluid and the rate is still below the preset rate. An alarm is also energized when the passage is closed and the preset rate indicates a desired flow of fluid.

An emergency motor is also provided to control the opening in the passage. Before the operation of the apparatus is instituted, the stepper motor is operated to close the drip chamber. The emergency motor is then operated to open the drip chamber and thereafter close the drip chamber. The emergency motor may thereafter be operated to close the passage when the drop controller fails to meet certain standards.

Claims

1. In combination for controlling the passage of fluid drops through a drip chamber,

means for indicating the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means defining the area of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber and adjustably positioned to control the size of the passage,

means for determining the period of time between the passage of each pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means adjustably preset to provide a desired time period between the passage of each pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means for adjusting the position of the passage-defining means to compensate by a particular increment for each determined time period which is greater by a particular amount than the preset time period, and

means for adjusting the determined time period between the passage of each pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber in accordance with the adjustments in the position of the passage-defining means by a particular increment to provide for additional incremental adjustments in the position of the passage-defining means when the period of time between the passage of that pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber, after each adjustment of the time period determined for the passage of that pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber, still exceeds the preset time period.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein

the means for determining the period of time between the passage of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber includes means for producing a ramp voltage with a slope dependent upon the preset time period between the successive fluid drops, and

the means for adjusting the determined time period includes means for changing the ramp voltage by a particular magnitude in accordance with each adjustment in the position of the passage-defining means by the particular increment.

3. The combination set forth in claim 2 wherein

the means for adjusting the determined time period includes means for instantaneously decreasing the ramp voltage by a particular magnitude corresponding to the particular increment in the adjustment of the position of the passage-defining means every time that the ramp voltage reaches a particular magnitude in a greater period of time than the preset time period, and

the means for adjusting the position of the passage-defining means includes means for adjusting the position of the passage-defining means by the particular increment every time that the ramp voltage reaches the particular magnitude in a greater time period than the desired time period.

4. The combination set forth in claim 3, including,

means for adjusting the position of the passage-defining means to adjust for differences between the preset time period and the time period determined for the passage of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber every time that the determined time period is less than the preset time period where the position adjustment is through a variable number of increments corresponding to the difference between the determined time period and the preset time period.

5. In combination for controlling the passage of fluid drops through a drip chamber,

means for indicating the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means adjustably preset to provide a desired period between the passage of pairs of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means responsive to the signals from the indicating means for determining the periods between the passage of the pairs of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means adjustably positioned to control the rate of passage of the pairs of the successive fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means operatively coupled to the control means and the indicating means for producing an adjustment in the positioning of the adjustable means in a direction to decrease the period of time for the passage of the pairs of the successive fluid drops through the drip chamber when the desired period is greater than the determined period, the adjustment in the positioning of the adjustable means being through a number of increments corresponding to the difference between the desired period and the determined period,

means operatively coupled to the control means and the indicating means for producing adjustments in the positioning of the adjustable means by a particular number of increments in a direction to decrease the period between the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber whenever the desired period is less by a particular value than the determined period, and

means for adjusting the determined period between the passage of each pair of the successive fluid drops through the drip chamber to compensate for each such adjustment in the positioning of the adjustable means by a particular number of increments to provide for additional adjustments, by the particular number of increments, in the position of the passage defining means when the period of time between the passage of that pair of the successive fluid drops through the drip chamber, after each adjustment of the time period determined from the passage of such pair of the successive fluid drops through the drip chamber, still exceeds the preset time period.

6. The combination set forth in claim 5 wherein

the determining means includes means for producing a ramp voltage having a magnitude dependent upon the determination of the period between the passage of the successive fluid drops through the drip chamber,

the position-adjusting means includes means for producing adjustments in the positioning of the adjustable means by the particular number of increments every time that the ramp voltage reaches a particular value, and

the period-adjusting means includes means for adjusting the ramp voltage by a particular number of decrements corresponding to the particular number of increments every time that the position-adjusting means is adjusted by the particular number of increments.

7. The combination set forth in claim 5 wherein

the determining means produces a voltage having a magnitude increasing progressively with progressive increases in the time between the determined passage of the successive drops through the drip chamber,

the period-adjusting means produces a change in the magnitude of the voltage from the determining means by the particular number of decrements upon each progression in the voltage from the determing means to a particular value,

the position-adjusting means produces and adjustment in the positioning of the adjustable means by the particular number of increments in a direction to increase the rate of the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber upon each progression in the voltage from the determining means to the particular value, and

means are included for producing changes in the position of the position-adjusting means in a direction to decrease the rate of the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber upon each progression in the voltage from the determining means to the particular value in a determined time period less than the preset time period.

8. The combination set forth in claim 7 wherein

the means for producing the changes in the position of the position-adjusting means in the direction to decrease the rate of passage of the fluid drops provides for an adjustment in such positioning through a number of increments corresponding to the difference between the preset time period and the determined time period when the determined time period is less than the preset time period.

9. In combination for controlling the passage of fluid drops through a drip chamber,

a light source disposed to direct light into the drip chamber,

light sensor means disposed relative to the light source and the drip chamber to produce signals in accordance with the intensity of the light passing through the drip chamber,

output means responsive to the signals from the light sensor means for producing signals representing the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means for providing for a passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber at particular periods of time between successive drops,

means for measuring the period of time between the passage of each pair of successive drops through the drip chamber,

adjustable means defining an adjustable passage through the drip chamber to control the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber in accordance with the adjustments in such adjustable means,

stepper means operably coupled to the adjustable means for incrementally adjusting the position of the adjustable means to open and close the passage through the drip chamber,

means responsive to each measured period less than the particular period for obtaning an operation of the stepper means, through a number of increments representative of the difference between the measured period and the particular period, in a direction for decreasing the rate at which the fluid drops pass through the drip chamber,

means responsive to each measured period greater by a particular value than the particular period for obtaining an operation of the stepper motor through a particular number of increments in a direction for increasing the rate at which each pair of the successive fluid drops pass through the drip chamber where the particular number of increments may be less than that required to make the measured period equal to the particular period, and

means responsive to each stepping of the stepping means through the particular number of increments for decreasing the measured period of time between the passage of each pair of successive drops through the drip chamber in accordance with such particular number of increments to provide for additional incremental adjustments in the position of the adjustable means when the period of time between such pair of successive drops again exceeds the particular period.

10. The combination set forth in claim 9 wherein

the means operating the stepper means in a direction to increase the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber includes:

means for producing a voltage representative of the period of time between the passage of successive drops through the drip chamber,

means for providing a particular voltage, and

means for comparing the representative voltage with the particular voltage to obtain the operation of the stepper means through the particular number of increments when the representative voltage exceeds the particular voltage and wherein

the means operating the stepper means in a direction to decrease the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber operates instantaneously to decrease such rate by a number of increments representative of the difference between the measured period and the particular period when the particular period is greater than the measured period.

11. The combination set forth in claim 10 wherein the means operating the stepper means in the direction to increase the rate of fluid drops includes:

means for decreasing the representative voltage by a particular value, for each period between the passage of a pair of successive drops of fluid through the drip chamber, in accordance with each incremental stepping of the stepper means through the particular number of increments until the representative voltage for the passage of that pair of successive drops of fluid through the drip chamber is substantially equal to the particular voltage upon the passage of the next drop in that pair through the drip chamber.

12. The combination set forth in claim 9 wherein

the means operating the stepper means in the direction to increase the rate of passage of the fluid drops incrementally decreases the measured time period between the times for the passage of such pair of successive drops through the drip chamber, upon each incremental stepping of the stepping means through the particular number of increments, until the measured time period between the time for the passage of such pair of successive drops through the drip chamber corresponds to the particular time period.

13. The combination set forth in claim 12 wherein the adjustable means includes a housing and a resilient diaphragm disposed in the housing and cooperating with the housing deformable to define the passage and further includes a rod disposed against the diaphragm and operative by the stepper means to deform the diaphragm relative to the housing for adjusting the passage.

14. In combination for controlling the passage of fluid drops through a drip chamber having an adjustable passage,

a source disposed to direct energy into the drip chamber,

sensor means disposed relative to the source and the drip chamber to produce signals in accordance with the intensity of the energy passing through the drip chamber from the source,

output means responsive to the signals from the sensor means for producing signals representing the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

control means adjustably preset to provide a desired rate for the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means responsive to the signals from the output means for indicating the actual rate for the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means for providing an adjustable passage in the drip chamber,

means adjustable in position for adjusting the adjustable passage in the drip chamber in accordance with such adjustments in position to control the rate at which the fluid drops pass through the drip chamber,

means operatively coupled to the adjustable means and the indicating means for producing an instantaneous adjustment in the positioning of the adjustable means in a direction to decrease the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber by an amount representative of the difference between the desired and actual rates when the desired rate is less than the actual rate,

means operatively coupled to the control means and the indicating means for producing predetermined incremental adjustments in the positioning of the adjustable means in a direction to increase the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber when the desired rate becomes greater than the actual rate during the measurement of the time period between the passage of each pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber, and

means responsive to each predetermined incremental adjustment in the positioning of the adjustable means for instantaneously adjusting the indication of the actual rate of the passage of each pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber to a value below the desired rate in accordance with such predetermined incremental adjustments to obtain additional incremental adjustments when the actual rate of the passage of such pair of successive fluid drops becomes greater than the desired rate.

15. The combination set forth in claim 14, including,

means for regulating the energy from the source at a particular value.

16. The combination set forth in claim 14, including,

means for instantaneously decreasing the energy from the source to obtain the production by the sensor means of a signal simulating the sensing of a drop by the sensor means, and

means operatively coupled to the sensor means for indicating whether the sensor means is providing an indication of a simulated drop when the energy from the source is instantaneously decreased by the previously recited means.

17. The combination set forth in claim 14, including,

means for determining whether the rate of flow of the fluid is within correctable limits when the actual rate of flow is below the desired rate, and

means for closing the drip chamber when the actual rate is below the desired rate by an amount which is not within correctable limits.

18. The combination set forth in claim 14, including,

means responsive to each incremental adjustment in the positioning of the adjustable means for the passage of each pair of successive drops of fluid through the drip chamber for producing a decrease in the actual rate indicated by the indicating means for the pasage of that pair of successive drops of fluid through the drip chamber to provide for a new comparison of the rates from the control means and the indicating means for that pair of successive drops of fluid through the drip chamber.

19. In combination for controlling the rate of flow of drops of fluid through a drip chamber,

means for introducing energy to the drip chamber,

means for sensing the energy passing from the drip chamber and for producing signals representing the sensed energy,

valve means associated with the drip chamber and adjustable to define the opening through the drip chamber for the passage of the fluid drops,

a stepper motor for operating the valve means,

means for initially operating the stepper motor in a direction for obtaining a closure of the drip chamber,

means operatively coupled to the sensing means for testing the operability of the sensor means,

an emergency motor for operating the valve means,

means operatively coupled to the emergency motor for cycling the emergency motor between the open and closed positions of the valve means and for discontinuing the operation of the emergency motor when the valve means is in the closed position,

means for sensing the operation of the emergency motor to insure the movement of the valve means between the open and closed positions of the valve means and the discontinuance in the operation of the emergency motor when the valve means is in the closed position,

means for operating the stepper motor, after the movement of the valve means to the closed position by the emergency motor, to open the valve means until the initiation of the passage of a first fluid drop through the drip chamber, and

servo means responsive to the initiation of the passage of fluid drops through the drip chamber for operating the stepper motor to maintain the rate of the passage of the drops of fluid through the chamber at a particular value.

20. The combination set forth in claim 19 wherein

the servo means includes:

first means responsive to the signals from the sensing means for indicating the time between the passage of each pair of successive drops through the drip chamber,

second means responsive to the failure of the first means to indicate the passage of each pair of successive drops through the drip chamber within a time corresponding to the particular rate for operating the stepper motor to obtain an incremental opening of the valve means, and

third means responsive to the operation of the stepper motor, upon the failure of the first means to indicate the passage of each pair of successive drops through the drip chamber within the time limit corresponding to the particular rate, for decreasing the indicated time between the passage of that pair of successive drops through the drip chamber by an amount related to each incremental operation of the stepper motor to provide for additional incremental adjustments in the position of the passage-defining means for that pair of successive fluid drops through the drip chamber when the indicated time between the passage of that pair of successive drops through the drip chamber again becomes greater than the time corresponding to the particular rate, and

the servo means further includes;

fourth means responsive to the signals from the sensing means for operating the stepper motor to provide instantaneous decreases in the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber, when the time between the passage of successive drops through the drip chamber is less than the time corresponding to the particular rate, through a number of increments representative of the difference in time between the time corresponding to the particular rate and the time between the passage of successive drops through the drip chamber.

21. The combination set forth in claim 20, including,

the servo means including data processing means, operative to process data at a particular rate, for processing the data representing the rate of the passage of each pair of the successive fluid drops through the drip chamber to control the operation of the stepper motor in maintaining the rate of the passage of such pair of the successive drops of fluid through the drip chamber at the particular value,

means for checking the rate at which the data processing means processes the data representing the rate of the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber, and

means responsive to the rates, below the particular rate, in the operation of the data processing means in processing data for operating the emergency motor to close the valve means.

22. The combination set forth in claim 19 wherein

the testing means for the sensor means includes:

means for providing for a decrease in the energy introduced to the drip chamber and

means responsive to the energy from the sensor means for determining if the sensor means produces a signal, corresponding to that representative of the passage of a fluid drop through the drip chamber, upon the decrease in the energy introduced to the drip chamber in accordance with the operation of the previously recited means, and wherein

means are included for operating a particular one of the stepper motor and the emergency motor in a direction to close the valve means when the determining means fails to indicate the production by the sensor means of a signal corresponding to that representative of the passage of a fluid drop through the drip chamber.

23. The combination set forth in claim 19, including,

means for inhibiting any effects of splash-up of fluid drops passing through the drip chamber in determining the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber.

24. In combination for controlling the rate of passage of fluid drops through a drip chamber,

a stepper motor,

valve means adjustable to control the rate of passage of fluid drops through the drip chamber, the valve means being coupled to the stepper motor to be operated by the stepper motor to provide such adjustments in the valve means,

means for determining the rate at which the fluid drops pass through the drip chamber,

means for pre-setting a particular value for the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means for initially operating the stepper motor in a direction to obtain a closure of the drip chamber to the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

means for subsequently operating the stepper motor progressively in a direction to open the drip chamber until the initiation of the passage of fluid drops through the drip chamber, and

means responsive to the initiation of the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber for subsequently regulating the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber to the particular value,

the regulating means including:

means for providing for incremental changes of predetermined value at progressive instants of time in the rate of passage of each pair of successive drops of the fluid through the drip chamber for rates below the particular value,

means responsive to each incremental change in the predetermined value in the rate of passage of each pair of successive drops of the fluid through the drip chamber for producing an increase in the rate determined for the passage of that pair of the successive drops of the fluid through the drip chamber until the production of rates at the particular valve for the passage of that pair of the successive drops of the fluid through the drip chamber, and

means for providing for analog changes in the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber for rates above the particular value where such analog changes correspond instantaneously to the difference between the determined rate and the particular rate.

25. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

means for producing an alarm when the valve means is not able to be operated to open the drip chamber by an amount respresentative of the difference between the particular value and the determined rate at which the pairs of successive drops of the fluid are passing through the drip chamber.

26. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

means for sensing the disposition of the valve means in the open and closed positions of the drip chamber, and

means operatively coupled to the sensing means for initially adjusting the valve means on a cyclic basis between the open and closed positions of the drip chamber before the initiation of the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber and for then terminating the movement of the valve means at the closed position before the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber.

27. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

means responsive to the regulation of the rate of passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber at a zero rate for producing an alarm.

28. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

an emergency motor, and

means for operatively coupling the emergency motor to the adjusting means for obtaining a cyclic operation of the emergency motor in adjusting the valve means between the open and closed positions of the drip chamber and then, before the operation of the stepper motor to initiate the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber, terminating the operation of the emergency motor at the close position of the valve means.

29. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

an emergency motor,

means for initially stepping the stepper motor to the position corresponding to the closed position of the drip chamber before the initiation of the passage of fluid flow through the drip chamber,

means for coupling the emergency motor to the valve means, after the closure of the drip chamber by the stepper motor, and for operating the emergency motor after such coupling to cycle the valve means between the closed and open positions of the drip chamber and for terminating the operation of the emergency motor at the closed position of the drip chamber, and

means for testing for the adjustment of the valve means by the emergency motor between the closed and open positions of the drip chamber.

30. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

the regulating means including:

means for introducing the light to the drip chamber,

means for sensing the light passing from the drip sensor,

means for instantaneously decreasing the intensity of the light introduced to the drip chamber, and

means for determining any decrease in the light sensed by the sensing means upon the instantaneous decrease in the intensity of the light introduced to the drip chamber.

31. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

the rate-determining means including means for introducing energy to the drip chamber and means for sensing the energy passing from the drip chamber,

means for maintaining at a particular value the intensity of the energy introduced to the drip chamber during the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber, and

means for inhibiting the effects on the sensing means of splash-up of fluid drops passing through the drip chamber.

32. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

an emergency battery, and

means for testing the operability of the emergency battery before the initiation of the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber.

33. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

a primary source of electrical energy for providing for the passage of the fluid drops through the drip chamber,

a voltage dividing network connected to the primary energy source, and

means connected to the voltage dividing network for indicating if the energy from the primary source is at least equal to a particular level.

34. The combination set forth in claim 24, including,

an alarm, and

means responsive to a setting of the valve means to the open position and to an the particular value being greater than the actual rate for obtaining an operation of the alarm.