Method for mining and reclaiming land

• US 4,462,713 A
• Filed: 06/01/1982
• Issued: 07/31/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/1982
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Allen K. Zurcher, Wayne F. Mcfarland
• Original Assignee: Allen K. Zurcher, Wayne F. Mcfarland
• Inventors: Zurcher, Allen K., McFarland, Wayne F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Suchfield, George A.
• Application Number:
  US06/383,605
• Time in Patent Office: 791 Days
• Field of Search: 405/36, 405/52, 405/258, 166/50, 166/250, 166/266, 166/267, 166/370, 299/4, 210/170, 210/639, 210/652, 210/726, 210/747, 210/805, 210/901
• US Class Current: 405/36
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2311/02 Specific process operations before starting the membrane separation process
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2311/2646 Decantation
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/025 Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/422 Electrodialysis
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/5236 using inorganic agents
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 9/00 Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
• CPC Class Codes: E02B 11/00 Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes draining sports grounds E01C13/083; for consolidating foundation soil, e.g. sand drain piles E02D3/10
• CPC Class Codes: E21C 41/00 Methods of underground or surface mining E21C45/00 takes precedence; Layouts therefor for peat E21C49/00
• CPC Class Codes: E21C 41/32 Reclamation of surface-mined areas machines or methods for treating or working soil for agricultural purposes A01B77/00, A01B79/00; machines for back-filling E02F5/22

Abstract

A combined method for mining and reclaiming land is provided for non arable saline and saline seep lands by utilizing subterranean drain pipe along with normal precipitation and irrigation waters to dissolve water soluble salts and minerals for collection in subterranean drain pipe and subsequently removing minerals and salts and thereafter purifying the water before discharging the water into rivers or returning the water back to the land for further circulation and percolation through the land to be mined and reclaimed. The combined land mining and reclamation method contemplates preventing saline seeps and returning land destroyed by saline seeps to arable conditions by mining collected subterranean water and the conversion of alkaline soils or salt flats to productive lands by the combination method of mining and reclaiming land to remove soluble salts that interfere with normal plant growth and the selection and utilization of salt resistant crops in various stages of the land mining and reclamation process of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining and reclaiming land comprising:

(a) installing subterranean drain pipe to collect subterranean water;

(b) periodically measuring the salinity of the soil at the site of the installation of said subterranean drain pipe to ascertain the feasibility of simultaneous crop production with the collection and purification of said subterranean water at said site and to determine the purity of the water to be returned to said site;

(c) periodically comparing the measurement of salinity of said collected subterranean water with a measurement of said salinity of said soil at said site to determine if the primary source of said salinity in said collected subterranean water is the result of said salinity of said soil or the salinity of underground water received from a recharge area;

(d) purifying said water by removing calcium and magnesium salts from said subterranean water; and

(e) recycling said water back to the surface of the land at either said site of the installation of said subterranean drain pipe or to a recharge area or a combination thereof as a result of said determination of salinity.

2. The method for mining and reclaiming land of claim 1 wherein said step of purifying said subterranean water further includes the step of chemically treating said subterranean water with sodium hydroxide to precipitate said calcium and magnesium salts.

3. The method for mining and reclaiming land of claim 2 wherein said step of treating said subterranean water with said sodium hydroxide further includes a prior treatment of said subterranean water with a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide to precipitate calcium as calcium carbonate before treating the filtrate with additional sodium hydroxide to remove magnesium salts as magnesium hydroxide.

4. The method of mining and reclaiming land of claim 3 wherein said step of purifying said subterranean water further includes the treatment of the resulting filtrate after the precipitation of said magnesium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate to remove excess calcium.

5. The method of mining and reclaiming land of claim 4 wherein said step of purifying said subterranean water further includes the application of reverse osmosis to said filtrate after the removal of said excess calcium.

6. The method of mining and reclaiming land of claim 5 further comprising the step of selecting and planting a crop at said site after the step of comparing the measurement of salinity of said collected subterranean water with the measurement of the salinity of the soil at the site of the installation of said subterranean drain pipe.

7. The method of mining and reclaiming land of claim 6 wherein said measurement of said salinity of said soil and selecting said crop is based upon the salinity of said soil as measured by specific conductance measurements compared to specific conductance measurements for particular crops.

8. The method of mining and reclaiming land of claim 6 wherein said subterranean drain pipe is installed at a depth of from about four to six feet in a swale area.

9. The method of mining and reclaiming land of claim 4 wherein said step of purifying said subterranean water further includes the application of ion exchange to said filtrate after the removal of said excess calcium.

10. The method of mining and reclaiming land of claim 4 wherein said step of purifying said subterranean water further includes the application of electrodialysis to said filtrate after the removal of said excess calcium.

11. A process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land comprising:

(a) disposing subterranean drain pipe in a swale area to collect subterranean waters flowing from a recharge area of land disposed at an elevation higher than said swale and percolating waters topically applied and flowing down from the surface of said swale;

(b) periodically measuring the salinity of the soil in the swale area;

(c) periodically comparing the salinity of the collected waters with measurements of salinity of the soil in said swale area to determine if the source of salinity in said collected subterranean waters is the result of said salinity of the soil or the salinity of underground water received from said recharge area;

(d) mining ssid collected waters by removing dissolved minerals; and

(e) recycling said collected waters back to the surface of said land at said swale or said recharge area or a combination thereof in response to said determination of said source of said salinity in said collected waters.

12. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 11 further comprising the steps of selecting and planting salt resistant plants in said swale.

13. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 12 further comprising the step of mining said collected waters to a conductance of less than 16,000 micromhos per centimeter.

14. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 11 further comprising the step of adding wetting agents to said collected waters after said step of mining and before recycling said water back to the surface of said land.

15. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 11 wherein said step of mining comprises a step of collecting said waters in settling tanks and treating said collected waters with sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate to first precipitate calcium carbonate.

16. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 15 wherein said step of mining includes after said step of precipitation of calcium carbonate the removal of the mother liquid to a further settling tank that is treated with sodium hydroxide to precipitate magnesium hydroxide.

17. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 16 wherein said step of mining includes after said step of precipitation of magnesium hydroxide the removal of the mother liquid to a further settling tank that is treated with lime to precipitate calcium sulfate.

18. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 17 wherein said step of mining includes after said step of precipitation of calcium sulfate the removal of the mother liquid to a further settling tank that is treated with sodium carbonate to precipitate excess calcium as calcium carbonate.

19. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 18 further comprising the step of purifying said collected water before the step of recycling said water after the precipitation of calcium carbonate by applying reverse osmosis to said liquid.

20. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 19 wherein said purified water is returned to the surface of said swale.

21. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 20 wherein subterranean waters are collected from said recharge area before reaching the top soil of said swale to prevent saline seep while said purified water is returned to the surface of said swale.

22. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 21 wherein said purified water returned to the surface of said swale have specific conductivities of less than 2,250 micromhos per centimeter.

23. The process for simultaneously mining and reclaiming land of claim 21 wherein said subterranean drain pipe is disposed in said swale area at a depth of from about 4 to 6 feet.

29. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 18 further comprising the return of purified water to the surface of said saline seep area.

30. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 29 further comprising the addition of wetting agents to said purified water before returning said purified water to the surface of said saline seep area.

24. A method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming a swale for agricultural purposes comprising:

(a) installing drain pipe in a saline seep area for collecting subterranean water flowing from an upland recharge area relative to said saline seep area and terranean water deposited at the surface and percolating down from the surface of said saline seep area;

(b) collecting said subterranean and said terranean water and mining said water by removing its dissolved minerals;

(c) purifying said subterranean and terranean collected water after mining; and

(d) growing a crop on the surface of said saline seep area while collecting and mining said collected water.

25. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming a swale for agricultural purposes of claim 24 wherein said step of mining said collected water includes the step of pretreating said collected water with sodium hydroxide to form a preciptiation of excess minerals.

26. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 25 wherein said step of purifying said collected water includes the application of ion exchange to said collected water after said precipitation of excess minerals from said collected water after a pretreatment with sodium hydroxide.

27. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 25 wherein said step of purifying said collected water includes the application of electrodialysis to said collected water after said precipitation of excess minerals.

28. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 25 wherein said step of purifying said collected water includes the application of reverse osmosis to said collected water after said precipitation of excess minerals.

31. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 28 further comprising the step of periodically measuring the salinity of the soil in the saline seep area and selecting said crop based upon said salinity measurement of said soil and the resistivity of said crop to salinity.

32. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 31 further comprising the step of periodically measuring the salinity of said collected water and comparing said salinity with said salinity of said soil in said saline seep area to determine whether the primary source of salinity in said collected water is from said soil in said saline seep area or from said subterranean water flowing from said recharge area.

33. The method of mining salt laden glacial till while reclaiming swale for agricultural purposes of claim 32 wherein said purified water is recycled to said recharge area or said saline seep area based upon said comparison of salinities and the resistivity of said crop to salinity.