Fuel cell and method for conducting gas-phase oxidation

• US 4,463,065 A
• Filed: 02/02/1982
• Issued: 07/31/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, W R Grace & Company - CONN (Standard Industries Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, WR Grace & Company
• Inventors: Michaels, James N., Hegedus, Louis, Vayenas, Costas G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Andrews, M. J.
• Application Number:
  US06/345,146
• Time in Patent Office: 910 Days
• Field of Search: 429/33, 429/39
• US Class Current: 429/465
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 17/508 by oxidation of sulfur compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 17/74 Preparation
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 21/26 Preparation by catalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of ammonia
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/40 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/50 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 21/00 Obtaining aluminium
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 5/00 Electrogenerative processes, i.e. processes for producing compounds in which electricity is generated simultaneously
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1231 with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

Disclosed herein are ribbed catalyst-coated solid-state electrolyte sheets as well as a method for producing such sheets. Also disclosed is a fuel cell reactor comprising a plurality of said sheets stacked one upon another and cemented together to form a monolithic structure. Novel reactions utilizing the reactor to produce useful chemical oxidation products and/or electricity are set forth. Also disclosed is a novel wiring system to collect electrical power generated by the reactor.

Claims

1. A fuel cell comprising a plurality of stacked essentially planar parallel sheets of a fluid-impermeable solid electrolyte capable of transporting oxygen ions, each sheet possessing a plurality of parallel elongated channels separated by ribs, said sheets divided into first and second groups wherein the sheets of said groups are interposed in an alternate manner, the channels of said first group forming an angle with the channels of said second group, the channels of said first group having a catalytic, oxygen-dissociating material disposed therein and the channels of the second group having a catalyst for promoting oxidation reactions disposed therein, said electrolyte sheets having exterior surfaces coated with an electrically conductive material contacting the catalyst disposed in the channels of at least one adjacent sheet, each of said exterior surface coatings in electrically conductive communication with lead means adapted to communicate with an exterior electrical circuit.

2. A fuel cell as in claim 1 wherein each sheet has at least one exterior coated surface and wherein the catalyst carried in the channels of each sheet is in contact with the exterior coating on each adjacent sheet.

3. A fuel cell as in claim 2 wherein the exterior coatings in contact with the oxygen-dissociation catalyst in one set of channels are electrically connected in series to the exterior coatings in contact with the reaction-promoting catalyst in the adjacent channels.

4. A fuel cell as in claim 1 wherein the sheets of the reactor are divided into minicells, each minicell consisting of four adjacently disposed sheets divided into two sets wherein the channels of the first set are electrically connected in parallel and have an oxygen-dissociating catalyst disposed therein and wherein the channels of said second set are electrically connected in parallel and have a reaction-promoting catalyst disposed therein, said first set electrically connected in series with said second set.

5. A fuel cell as in claim 4 wherein each minicell is electrically connected in series with each adjacent minicell.

6. A fuel cell as in claim 1 wherein the solid electrolyte comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia.

7. A fuel cell as in claim 6 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises platinum.

8. A fuel cell as in claim 6 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy.

9. A fuel cell as in claim 6 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises platinum.

10. A fuel cell as in claim 6 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy.

11. A fuel cell as in claim 1 wherein the solid electrolyte comprises calcia-stabilized zirconia.

12. A fuel cell as in claim 11 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises platinum.

13. A fuel cell as in claim 11 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy.

14. A fuel cell as in claim 11 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises platinum.

15. A fuel cell as in claim 11 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy.

16. A fuel cell comprising a plurality of stacked essentially planar-parallel sheets of a fluid-impermeable solid electrolyte capable of transporting oxygen ions, each sheet possessing a plurality of parallel elongated channels separated by ribs, said sheets divided into first and second groups wherein the sheets of said groups are interposed in an alternate manner, the channels of said first group forming an angle with the channels of said second group, the channels of said first group having a catalytic, oxygen-dissociating material disposed therein and the channels of the second group having a catalyst for promoting oxidation reactions disposed therein, said reactor fitted with conductive means to transport electricity.

17. A fuel cell as in claim 16 wherein the conductive means is adapted to transport electrical current produced during operation of the cell to an external circuit.

18. A fuel cell as in claim 16 wherein the solid electrolyte comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia.

19. A fuel cell as in claim 18 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises platinum.

20. A fuel cell as in claim 18 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy

21. A fuel cell as in claim 18 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises platinum.

22. A fuel cell as in claim 18 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy.

23. A fuel cell as in claim 16 wherein the solid electrolyte comprises calcia-stabilized zirconia.

24. A fuel cell as in claim 23 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises platinum.

25. A fuel cell as in claim 23 wherein the oxygen-dissociating catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy.

26. A fuel cell as in claim 23 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises platinum.

27. A fuel cell as in claim 23 wherein the reaction-promoting catalyst comprises a platinum-rhodium alloy.

28. A method for conducting gas-phase oxidation reactions comprising:

(a) passing an oxygen-containing gas and a reactant gas into a fuel cell comprising a plurality of stacked essentially planar parallel sheets of a fluid-impermeable solid electrolyte capable of transporting oxygen ions, each sheet possessing a plurality of parallel elongated channels separated by ribs, said sheets divided into first and second groups wherein the sheets of said groups are interposed in an alternate manner, the channels of said first group forming an angle with the channels of said second group, the channels of said first group having a catalytic, oxygen-dissociating material disposed therein and the channels of the second group having a catalyst for promoting oxidation reactions disposed therein, said reactor fitted with conductive means to transport electricity;

(b) passing the oxygen-containing gas through the channels of said first group of sheets to produce oxygen ions which are transported through the electrolyte to the surfaces of the catalyst-coated channels of the group two sheets;

(c) passing the oxygen-reactive feed gas through the group two channels to react with the oxygen ions;

(d) collecting the oxygen-containing gas following passage through the group one channels; and

(e) collecting the product-containing reactant gas following passage through the group two channels.

29. A method as in claim 28 wherein the channels of said first group of sheets possess a catalyst for oxidizing ammonia to nitric oxide and water.

30. A method as in claim 28 wherein the oxygen-reactive gas is ethylene.

31. A method as in claim 28 wherein the oxygen-reactive gas is a light olefinic hydrocarbon.

32. A method as in claim 28 wherein the oxygen-reactive gas is methane.

33. A method as in claim 28 wherein the oxygen-reactive gas is a light paraffinic hydrocarbon.

34. A method as in claim 28 wherein the oxygen-reactive gas is benzene.

35. A method as in claim 28 wherein the oxygen-reactive gas is a light aromatic hydrocarbon.

36. A method as in claim 28 wherein the oxygen-reactive gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

37. A method as in claim 28 wherein the solid electrolyte is yttria-stabilized zirconia.

38. A method as in claim 28 wherein the electrolyte is calcia-stabilized zirconia.