Fuel cell and system for supplying electrolyte thereto

• US 4,463,066 A
• Filed: 09/30/1982
• Issued: 07/31/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Original Assignee: Engelhard Corporation (BASF SE)
• Inventors: Feigenbaum, Haim, Adlhart, Otto J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US06/430,144
• Time in Patent Office: 670 Days
• Field of Search: 429/34, 429/38, 429/39, 429/41, 429/13, 429/57, 429/80, 429/72, 429/44
• US Class Current: 429/451
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/70 Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04283 Supply means of electrolyte to or in matrix-fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2484 characterised by external manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

An electrolyte distribution and supply system for use with a fuel cell having means for drawing electrolyte therein is formed by a set of containers of electrolyte joined to respective fuel cells in a stack of such cells. The electrolyte is separately stored so as to provide for electrical isolation between electrolytes of the individual cells of the stack. Individual storage compartments are coupled by capillary tubes to the respective fuel cells. Hydrostatic pressure is maintained individually for each of the fuel cells by separately elevating each compartment of the storing means to a specific height above the corresponding fuel cell which is to be fed from that compartment of the storing means. The individual compartments are filled with electrolyte by allowing the compartments to overflow thereby maintaining the requisite depth of electrolyte in each of the storage compartments.

Claims

1. A system for supplying electrolyte to fuel cells in a stack of fuel cells comprising:

(a) means for storing electrolyte externally to said fuel cells, an individual one of said cells including a wicking medium for drawing electrolyte by capillary action;

(b) means for conducting electrolyte from said storing means to the wicking medium in each of said cells; and

(c) means for maintaining a predetermined hydrostatic pressure of electrolyte at said conducting means.

2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said storing means stores electrolyte separately for each of said fuel cells of said stack, and wherein said system is configured to provide electrical isolation among the separately stored electrolytes for each of said cells.

3. A system according to claim 2 wherein said storing means is in the form of a set of cups having open mouths, each of said cups being filled by applying electrolyte through its mouth until the cup overflows so as to maintain a predetermined depth and hydrostatic pressure within the storing means.

4. A system according to claim 3 wherein said conducting means comprises a set of capillary tubes, individual ones of said tubes being coupled from individual portions of said storing means to respective ones of said fuel cell.

5. A system according to claim 3 wherein said cups are of differing heights corresponding to differences in height among fuel cells of said stack to maintain the hydrostatic pressures at the respective cells.

6. A system according to claim 3 wherein said cups are filled by raising a column of electrolyte to temporarily inundate each of said cells.

7. The system as in claim 1 wherein said fuel cell has electrodes wherein electrochemical reactions take place between fluidic reactants and an electrolyte and said porous medium has first and second permeable layers, at least one of which is electrically insulating, said first layer being operably connected to said conducting means having relatively large pores for providing electrolyte in an ion conducting path between said electrodes and said second layer has relatively small pores for drawing electrolyte from said first layer, said second layer being positioned contiguous to an interaction surface of one of said electrodes for supplying electrolyte to the electrochemical reaction at said one electrode.

8. A system according to claim 7 wherein said electrolyte supporting structure comprises a third permeable layer arranged in a laminated format with said first and said second layers, said third layer having relatively small pores as compared to the pores of said first layer for drawing electrolyte from said first layer, said third layer being positioned contiguous to an interaction surface of a second of said electrodes for supplying electrolyte to an electrochemical reaction at said second electrode.

9. A system according to claim 7 wherein said electrically insulating layer is formed of silicon carbide particles bonded with polytetrafluoroethylene.

10. The system according to claims 7, 8 or 9 wherein said large pores are approximately 50-300 microns in size and said small pores are approximately 1-10 microns in size.