Thermoelectric generator apparatus and operation method

• US 4,463,214 A
• Filed: 03/16/1982
• Issued: 07/31/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 03/16/1982
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Atlantic Richfield Company Incorporated (BP PLC)
• Original Assignee: Atlantic Richfield Company Incorporated (BP PLC)
• Inventors: Lowther, Frank E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sebastian, Leland A.
• Application Number:
  US06/358,738
• Time in Patent Office: 868 Days
• Field of Search: 136/201, 136/205, 136/206, 136/208, 136/209, 136/210, 136/211, 136/212, 136/224, 136/227
• US Class Current: 136/208
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 2075/027 four
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 10/13 characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 10/17 characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A method of operating a thermoelectric generator includes: cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences in the thermoelectric material of the generator; and generating a cyclically increasing then decreasing electrical generator output signal, in response to such temperature differences, to transmit electrical power generated by the generator from the generator. Part of the thermoelectric material reaches temperatures substantially above the melting temperature of the material. The thermoelectric material of the generator forms a part of a closed electrical loop about a transformer core so that the inductor voltage for the loop serves as the output signal of the generator. A thermoelectric generator, which can be driven by the described method of operation, incorporates fins into a thermopile to conduct heat toward or away from the alternating spaces between adjacent layers of different types of thermoelectric material. The fins extend from between adjacent layers, so that they can also conduct electrical current between such layers, perpendicularly to the direction of stacking of the layers. The exhaust from an internal combustion engine can be employed to drive the thermoelectric generator, and, also, to act as a driver for a thermoelectric generator in accordance with the method of operation initially described.

Claims

1. A method of operating a thermoelectric generator for generating electrical power in response to heat, comprising the steps of:

cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences in the thermoelectric material of the generator, including cyclically increasing the temperature of part of said thermoelectric material to at least a temperature exceeding the melting temperature of said material; and

generating a cyclically increasing then decreasing electrical generator output signal, in response to said temperature differences, to transmit electrical power generated by the generator away from the generator.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said temperature of said part of the thermoelectric material is cyclically increased to at least approximately the melting temperature of said material multiplied by 1.5.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said cyclically increasing of the temperature is substantially without melting said material.

4. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional step of:

cyclically providing heat to the thermoelectric material of the generator.

5. The method of claim 4 comprising the additional step of producing said heat by combustion.

6. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional step of cyclically providing heat to said thermoelectric material of the generator by cyclical combustion in an internal combustion engine.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said output signal comprises the inductor voltage for a loop about a magnetic core.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the current through said loop passes through the thermoelectric material of the generator.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the thermoelectric material of the generator forms part of said loop about said core.

10. A thermoelectric generator for generating electrical power in response to heat, comprising:

a thermopile to receive the heat and generate electrical power in response to the heat, including a plurality of layers of thermoelectric material of a first type and a plurality of layers of thermoelectrical material of a second type, said layers of said two types having alternating thermoelectric material layer positions in said thermopile, each of said layers of each said type and the next said layer of the other said type being electrically connected across at least approximately the majority of the area between said layers; and

electrical connector means for transmitting said generated electrical power away from said thermopile;

said thermopile further including a plurality of heat conduction fins each between two said thermoelectric material layers of said two types in said alternating thermoelectric material layer positions, to conduct electrical current between said layers and extending substantially perpendicularly to the direction of stacking of said layers to a position substantially away from said layers.

11. A thermoelectric generator as defined in claim 10 wherein said plurality of fins have two alternating fin configurations in said thermopile, a first configuration for receiving heat substantially distant from said two layers for said first configuration fin and conducting said heat between said layers in which said extending is to one side of said layers, and a second configuration for receiving heat between said two layers for said second configuration fin and conducting said heat substantially distant from said layers in which said extending is to the other side of said layers.

12. A thermoelectric generator for generating electrical power in response to heat, comprising:

a thermopile to receive the heat and generate electrical power in response to the heat, including a plurality of layers of thermoelectric material of a first type and a plurality of layers of thermoelectrical material of a second type, said layers of said two types having alternating thermoelectric material layer positions in said thermopile, each of said layers of each said type and the next said layer of the other said type being electrically connected to provide, with said plurality of layers of said two types, a substantially linear electrical path through and between said plurality of layers of said two types; and

electrical connector means for transmitting said generated electrical power away from said thermopile,

said thermopile further including a plurality of heat conduction fins each between two said thermoelectric material layers of said two types in said alternating thermoelectric material layer positions, to conduct electrical current between said layers and extending substantially perpendicularly to the direction of said electrical path to a position substantially away from said layers.

13. A thermoelectric generator as defined in claim 12 wherein said substantially linear electrical path is a substantially straight, linear electrical path.

14. A thermoelectric generator as defined in claim 12 wherein said plurality of fins have two alternating fin configurations in said thermopile, a first configuration for receiving heat substantially distant from said two layers for said first configuration fin and conducting said heat between said layers in which said extending is to one side of said layers, and a second configuration for receiving heat between said two layers for said second configuration fin and conducting said heat substantially distant from said layers in which said extending is to the other side of said layers.

15. A thermoelectric generator system, comprising:

a thermopile including a plurality of layers of thermoelectric material of a first type and a plurality of layers of thermoelectric material of a second type, said layers of said two types having alternating thermoelectric material layer positions in said thermopile, each of said layers of each said type and the next said layer of the other said type being electrically connected across at least approximately the majority of the area between said layers;

means for cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences in said layers to generate cyclically increasing then decreasing electrical power in said thermopile; and

electrical connector means for transmitting said generated electrical power away from said thermopile.

16. A thermoelectric generator system as defined in claim 15 wherein said means for cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences, includes means for cyclically increasing the temperature of part of said thermoelectric material of said layers to at least a temperature exceeding the melting temperature of said material.

17. A thermoelectric generator system as defined in claim 15 wherein said thermopile is stationary.

18. A thermoelectric generator system, comprising:

a thermopile including a plurality of layers of thermoelectric material of a first type and a plurality of layers of thermoelectric material of a second type, said layers of said two types having alternating thermoelectric material layer positions in said thermopile, each of said layers of each said type and the next said layer of the other said type being electrically connected to provide, with said plurality of layers of said two types, a substantially linear electrical path through and between said plurality of layers of said two types;

means for cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences in said layers to generate cyclically increasing then decreasing electrical power in said thermopile; and

electrical connector means for transmitting said generated electrical power away from said thermopile.

19. A thermoelectric generator system as defined in claim 18 wherein said means for cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences, includes means for cyclically increasing the temperature of part of said thermoelectric material of said layers to at least a temperature exceeding the melting temperature of said material.

20. A thermoelectric generator system as defined in claim 18 wherein said thermopile is stationary.

21. A thermoelectric generator system, comprising:

a thermopile for generating electrical current through said thermopile in response to heat;

a magnetic core; and

electrical connector means electrically connected to said thermopile for forming a closed electrical path of a single loop only through said thermopile about said core for said electrical current.

22. A thermoelectric generator system as defined in claim 21 wherein said magnetic core comprises a transformer core and said loop is the loop of a single loop primary, input inductor for said core, further comprising a secondary, output inductor for said core about said core.

23. A thermoelectric generator system, comprising:

a thermopile for generating electrical current through said thermopile in response to heat;

a transformer core having a secondary, output inductor about said core; and

electrical connector means electrically connected to said thermopile for forming a closed electrical path for said current including at least one loop of a primary, input inductor about said core.

24. A thermoelectric generator system, comprising:

a thermopile for generating electrical current through said thermopile in response to heat;

a magnetic core;

electrical connector means electrically connected to said thermopile for forming a closed electrical path of a single loop only through said thermopile about said core for said electrical current; and

means for cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences in the thermoelectric material of said thermopile to generate a cyclically increasing then decreasing inductor voltage for said loop.

25. A thermoelectric generator system, comprising:

a thermopile for generating electrical current through said thermopile in response to heat;

a transformer core having a secondary, output inductor about said core;

electrical connector means electrically connected to said thermopile for forming a closed electrical path for said current including at least one loop of a primary, input inductor about said core; and

means for cyclically producing increasing then decreasing temperature differences in the thermoelectric material of said thermopile to generate a cyclically increasing then decreasing inductor voltage for said loop.