Standby power system

• US 4,468,571 A
• Filed: 10/27/1982
• Issued: 08/28/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 10/27/1982
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Portable Battery Division of SAFT America Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Saft America, Inc. (Totalenergies Se)
• Inventors: Heavey, Frederick D., Kaldun, Mark R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Goldberg, E. A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jennings, D.
• Application Number:
  US06/436,990
• Time in Patent Office: 671 Days
• Field of Search: 307/46, 307/48, 307/65, 307/66, 307/87, 307/130, 307/234, 328/26, 328/28, 328/185, 328/187, 340/363, 340/636, 340/693
• US Class Current: 307/66
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/16547 voltage or current in AC supplies switching for protection H02H; circuits for emergency power supply H02J9/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/062 for AC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/20 End-user application control systems

Abstract

A standby AC electrical power system connected between a load device and the AC line voltage comprises a voltage responsive control circuit connected between the AC line voltage source and a DC to AC inverter circuit. The control circuit generates a continuously pulsating DC control voltage which has an envelope which responds to and follows but at a different rate the increase and decrease in the envelope of the output of a full wave rectifier fed by the AC line voltage. The control voltage remains above a given triggering level when the average value of the rectified output for the current half cycle involved stays above a given monitored level indicating that the average value of the current half cycle of the AC line voltage is above a given low level and drops to the triggering level when the average value of the current half cycle of the AC line voltage drops to the given low level. The circuit which generates this control voltage comprises a multi-branched capacitor charge and discharge circuit having a first relatively long time constant producing branch which provides a relatively slowly increasing envelope in response to the rise in the envelope of the rectified output of a relatively short time constant producing branch which provides a relatively rapidly decreasing envelope in response to the drop in the envelope of the rectified output. A trigger circuit responds to the dropping of the envelope of the control voltage to the triggering level by connecting a DC battery to the DC to AC inverter circuit which then supplies an AC voltage to the load device.

Claims

1. In a standby AC electrical power system including load device input terminals to which the power input terminals of an electrical device to be continuously powered are to be connected, power terminal means for connecting the standby power system to a source of external AC line voltage which is normally fed to said load device input terminals to energize the electrical device, DC battery connecting terminals to which a chargeable DC battery is to be connected, and a DC to AC inverter circuit to be energized by said chargeable DC battery when the average value of said AC line voltage drops to a given low level when the inverter circuit is to supply a rated AC voltage to said load device input terminals, the improvement in a voltage responsive control circuit connected between said power terminal means and said DC to AC inverter circuit, said control circuit comprising:

full wave rectifier circuit means connected to said power terminal means for providing a full wave rectified pulsating DC output from the AC line voltage;

DC voltage responsive circuit means coupled to the output of said rectifier circuit means for continuously providing a modified pulsating DC control voltage which has an envelope which responds to and follows but at a different rate the increase and decrease in the envelope of said rectified pulsating DC output while remaining above a given triggering level when the average value of said rectified pulsating DC output for the current half cycle involved stays above a given level indicating that the average value of the current half cycle of the AC line voltage is above said given low level, and dropping to said triggering level when the average value of the current half cycle of said AC line voltage drops to said given low level, said DC voltage responsive circuit comprising a multi-branched capacitor charge and discharge circuit having a first relatively long time constant producing branch which provides a relatively slowly increasing envelope in response to the rise in the envelope of said rectified output and a relatively short time constant producing branch which provides a relatively rapidly decreasing envelope in response to the drop in the envelope of said rectified output; and

control means including a trigger circuit responsive to the dropping of said envelope of said modified pulsating DC control voltage to said triggering level for effecting the connection of said DC battery connecting terminals to said DC to AC inverter circuit to energize the same and effecting the feeding of the AC voltage output thereof to said load device input terminals to adequately energize the same.

2. The standby AC electrical power system of claim 1 wherein said relatively short time constant producing branch of said capacitor charge and discharge circuit includes a series circuit of a first resistor means and a first rectifier connected to first capacitor means, said short time constant producing branch and first capacitor means forming a series circuit coupled between the output of said rectifier circuit and a common voltage reference point, the rectifier being back biased when the voltage charge on said capacitor is less than the voltage on the terminal of said first rectifier remote from said first capacitor means, said capacitor rapidly discharging through said first rectifier when these voltage conditions are reversed, and said trigger circuit being responsive to the voltage charge on said first capacitor means, the variation of which is said modified pulsating DC voltage.

3. The standby AC electrical power system of claim 2 wherein said relatively long time constant producing branch of said capacitor charge and discharge circuit includes a bidirectional conducting branch comprising second resistance means much larger than said first resistance means and shunting said short time constant producing branch.

4. The standby AC electrical power system of claim 2 wherein said trigger circuit includes:

a bistable circuit and first means for setting said bistable circuit when the voltage charge on said first capacitor means drops to said triggering level, said voltage responsive circuit includes a bistable resetting branch comprising a series circuit of a second rectifier, second resistor means and second capacitor means forming a series circuit coupled between the output of said rectifier circuit and said common voltage reference point, said second rectifier being connected to enable said second capacitor means to be charged by the rectified pulsating DC output of said rectifier circuit, the voltage on said second capacitor means reaching a bistable resetting level when the rectified pulsating DC output of said rectifier circuit is indicative of the AC line voltage having an average value above said low level, and second means responsive to the voltage charge on said second capacitor means reaching said bistable resetting level for resetting said bistable circuit; and

said control means further including means responsive to the set state of said bistable circuit for connecting said DC battery connecting terminals to said DC to AC inverter system to energize the same and responsive to the reset state thereof for disconnecting said DC battery from said DC to AC inverter circuit.

5. In a standby AC electrical power system including load device input terminals to which the power input terminals of an electrical device to be continuously powered are to be connected, power terminal means for connecting the standby power system to a source of external AC line voltage which is normally fed to said load device input terminals to energize the electrical device, DC battery connecting terminals to which a chargeable DC battery is to be connected, and a DC to AC inverter circuit to be energized by said chargeable DC battery when the average value of said AC line voltage drops to a given low level when the inverter circuit is to supply a rated AC voltage to said load device input terminals, the improvement in a voltage responsive control circuit connected between said power input terminal means and said DC to AC inverter circuit, said control circuit comprising:

full wave rectifier circuit means connected to said power terminal means for providing a full wave rectified pulsating DC output from the AC line voltage;

DC voltage responsive circuit means coupled to the output of said rectifier circuit for continuously providing a modified pulsating DC control voltage which has an envelope which responds to the increase and decrease in the envelope of said rectified pulsating DC output while remaining above a given triggering level when the average value of said rectified pulsating DC output for the current half cycle involved stays above a given level indicating that the average value of the current half cycle of the AC line voltage is above said given low level, and dropping to said triggering level when the average value of the current half cycle of said AC line voltage drops to said given low level; and

control means including a trigger circuit responsive to the dropping of said envelope of said modified pulsating DC control voltage to said triggering level for effecting the connection of said DC battery connecting terminals to said DC to AC inverter circuit to energize the same and effecting the feeding of the AC voltage output thereof to said load device input terminals to adequately energize the same.

6. The standby electrical power system of claim 5 wherein said modified pulsating DC output has a relatively slowly increasing envelope in response to the rise in the envelope of said rectified output and a relatively rapidly decreasing envelope in response to the drop in the envelope of said rectified output.

7. The standby electrical power system of claim 5 wherein said trigger circuit includes:

a bistable circuit and first means for setting said bistable circuit when the control voltage drops to said triggering level;

said voltage responsive circuit includes a bistable resetting branch comprising a series circuit of a rectifier, resistor means and capacitor means forming a series circuit coupled to the output of said rectifier circuit, the voltage on said capacitor means reaching a bistable resetting level when the rectified pulsating DC output of said rectifier circuit is indicative of the AC line voltage having an average value above said low level, and second means responsive to the voltage charge on said capacitor means reaching said bistable resetting level for resetting said bistable circuit; and

said control means further including means responsive to the set state of said bistable circuit for connecting said DC battery connecting terminals to said DC to AC inverter system to energize the same and responsive to the reset state thereof for disconnecting said DC battery from said DC to AC inverter circuit.

8. The standby AC electrical power system of claim 7 wherein said first means is a comparator circuit which compares a reference voltage with the voltage charge on said first capacitor means.

9. The standby AC electrical power system of claim 7 wherein said second means is a comparator circuit which compares a reference voltage with the voltage charge on said second capacitor means.

10. The standby AC electrical power system of claim 7 wherein there is provided means for keeping said capacitor means discharged when said bistable circuit is reset and permitting said second capacitor means to charge while said bistable circuit is set.

11. The standby AC electrical power system of claim 10 wherein the time constant of the charge circuit of said capacitor means encompasses a large number of cycles of said AC line voltage, so that the charge on said capacitor means cannot reach said bistable resetting level until the AC line voltage appears to have stabilized at a normal value.