Peak load limiting

• US 4,472,640 A
• Filed: 02/16/1983
• Issued: 09/18/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 02/16/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Bayard W. Elmer
• Original Assignee: Bayard W. Elmer
• Inventors: Elmer, Bayard W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pellinen, A. D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jennings, Derek
• Application Number:
  US06/466,858
• Time in Patent Office: 580 Days
• Field of Search: 307/35, 307/38, 307/41, 307/126
• US Class Current: 307/35
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/52 The controlling of the operation of the load not being the total disconnection of the load, i.e. entering a degraded mode or in current limitation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/60 Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/14 by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Abstract

An electric range is connected in series with first and second current sensing relays between power lines having 230 volts a.c. therebetween. An electric dryer is connected in series with normally closed contacts associated with the first current sensing relay between the first and second lines. A water heater is connected in series with normally closed contacts between the first and second lines and with normally open contacts between the first and a third neutral line. Both the latter contacts are associated with the second current sensing relay. The first current sensing relay operates at a first threshold level of current drawn by the electric range to open the normally closed contacts in series with the electric dryer. The second current sensing relay operates at a second threshold value higher than that of the first to open the normally closed contacts and close the normally open contacts in series with the electric water heater.

Claims

1. Peak load limiting apparatus for limiting the electrical power required by first and second appliances comprising,

a relay having a coil and first and second contact pairs,

energy sensing means comprising said coil in series with said first appliance for sensing the electrical energy drawn by said first appliance,

and means comprising said first and second contact pairs connected between said second appliance and first and second different potentials respectively responsive to the energy drawn by said first appliance exceeding a first predetermined threshold for reducing the energy drawn by said second appliance while still delivering electrical energy thereto.

2. Peak load limiting apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the latter means interrupts flow of energy to said second appliance.

4. Peak load limiting apparatus in accordance with claim 1 and further comprising current sensing relay means having a coil in series with said first appliance comprising said energy sensing means and having first normally closed contact means comprising said means responsive to the energy drawn by said first appliance exceeding a first predetermined threshold for connection in series with said second appliance that opens when said first threshold is exceeded.

6. Peak load limiting apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein said relay means and said first appliance are connected in series between first and second lines having a first a.c. potential therebetween and said normally closed contact means and said second appliance are connected in series between said first and second lines whereby operation of said relay means occurs when said first threshold level is exceeded to open said normally closed contacts.

3. Peak load limiting apparatus for limiting the electrical power required by first second and third appliances comprising,

energy sensing means for sensing the electrical energy drawn by said first appliance,

means responsive to the energy drawn by said first appliance exceeding a first predetermined threshold for reducing the energy drawn by said second appliance,

said energy sensing means including means for sensing when the energy drawn by said first appliance exceeds a second threshold greater than said first threshold,

and means responsive to said energy sensing means sensing said first appliance drawing energy in excess of said second threshold for reducing the flow of energy to said third appliance.

5. Peak load limiting apparatus in accordance with claim 3 and further comprising relay means having a coil in series with said first appliance comprising said energy sensing means and having first normally closed contact means for normally delivering a first higher current to said third appliance and second normally open contact means for delivering a second lower current to said third appliance when said second threshold level is exceeded to open the latter normally closed contacts and close the latter normally open contacts comprising said means responsive to said energy sensing means sensing said first appliance drawing energy in excess of said second threshold.

7. Peak load limiting apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein said relay means comprises first and second relays having first and second relay coils respectively connected between first and second lines having a first potential therebetween in series with said first appliance,

said first relay having associated therewith normally closed contact means in series with said second appliance between said first and second lines with operation of said first relay when said first threshold level is exceeded to open said normally closed contact means,

said second relay having associated therewith normally closed contact means in series with said first and second lines and having normally open contact means in series with said third appliance between said first line and a third line with the potential therebetween a second potential less than said first potential with operation of said second relay when said second threshold level is exceeded to open the latter normally closed contact means and close the latter normally open contact means.