Solid oxide fuel cell having monolithic core

• US 4,476,198 A
• Filed: 10/12/1983
• Issued: 10/09/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 10/12/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ARCH Development Corporation (University of Chicago)
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy (Government of the United States of America)
• Inventors: Young, John E., Ackerman, John P.
• Primary Examiner(s): LeFevour, Charles F.
• Application Number:
  US06/541,213
• Time in Patent Office: 363 Days
• Field of Search: 429/32, 429/33, 429/34
• US Class Current: 429/456
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/026 characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1231 with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2435 with monolithic core structure, e.g. honeycombs
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2484 characterised by external manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2485 Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A solid oxide fuel cell for electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant for generating galvanic output, wherein the cell core has an array of electrolyte and interconnect walls that are substantially devoid of any composite inert materials for support. Instead, the core is monolithic, where each electrolyte wall consists of thin layers of cathode and anode materials sandwiching a thin layer of electrolyte material therebetween, and each interconnect wall consists of thin layers of the cathode and anode materials sandwiching a thin layer of interconnect material therebetween. The electrolyte walls are arranged and backfolded between adjacent interconnect walls operable to define a plurality of core passageways alternately arranged where the inside faces thereof have only the anode material or only the cathode material exposed. Means direct the fuel to the anode-exposed core passageways and means direct the oxidant to the cathode-exposed core passageway; and means also direct the galvanic output to an exterior circuit. Each layer of the electrolyte and interconnect materials is of the order of 0.002-0.01 cm thick; and each layer of the cathode and anode materials is of the order of 0.002-0.05 cm thick.

Claims

1. A fuel cell for electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant for generation of galvanic output, comprising the combination of a core having an array of electrolyte and interconnect walls, each electrolyte wall consisting of thin layers of cathode and anode materials respectively, sandwiching a thin layer of electrolyte material therebetween, each interconnect wall consisting of thin layers of the cathode and anode, respectively sandwiching a thin layer of interconnect material therebetween, whereby separate sections of said electrolyte wall are arranged between separate sections of adjacent interconnect walls operable to define a plurality of core passageways alternately arranged respectively where the inside faces thereof are formed either of only the anode material or of only the cathode material, each core passageway having the anode material on the inside being for the fuel and each core passageway having the cathode material on the inside being for the oxidant, means to direct the fuel and the oxidant for flow through the respective anode and cathode passageway, means to direct the galvanic output from the anode and cathode materials to an exterior circuit, and the electrolyte and interconnect walls being substantially devoid of any composite inert material and the core being monolithic.

2. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said cathode is lanthanum manganite (LaMnO₃);

said anode is cobalt yttria-stabilized zirconia cermet or mixture (Co+ZrO₃ Y₂ O₃);

said electrolyte is yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO₂ +Y₂ O₃); and

said interconnect is lanthanum chromite (LaCrO₃), the lanthanum manganite and lanthanum chromite being suitably doped to obtain electrical conductivity.

3. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the interconnect walls are somewhat planar and are disposed substantially parallel to one another.

4. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein said electrolyte walls defining said passageways are generally planar and are angled relative to one another and relative to the interconnect walls, whereby the defined flow passageways are shaped in cross section somewhat as alternately inverted triangles.

5. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein said cathode is lanthanum manganite (LaMnO₃);

said anode is cobalt yttria-stabilized zirconia cermet or mixture (Co+ZrO₃ Y₂ O₃);

said electrolyte is yttriastabilized zirconia (ZrO₂ +Y₂ O₃); and

said interconnect is lanthanum chromite (LaCrO₃), the lanthanum manganite and lanthanum chromite being suitably doped to obtain electrical conductivity.

6. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the electrolyte and interconnect walls meet one another at junctures and wherein the junctures are spaced from and laterally offset from one another.

7. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein each layer of the electrolyte and interconnect materials is of the order of 0.002-0.01 cm thick, and wherein each layer of the electrolyte and interconnect materials is of the order of 0.002-0.01 cm thick.

8. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the electrolyte and interconnect walls meet one another at junctures and wherein the junctures are paired opposite one another.

9. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein each layer of the electrolyte and interconnect materials is of the order of 0.002-0.01 cm thick, and wherein each layer of the electrolyte and interconnect materials is of the order of 0.002-0.01 cm thick.

10. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein said electrolyte walls defining said passageways are wavy and extended between adjacent pairs of interconnect walls.

11. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 10, wherein the wavy electrolyte walls are generally in the form of sinusoidally shaped waves.

12. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the cells defined between any adjacent pairs of interconnect walls generate electrical potential in parallel with one another, and wherein the cells defined on opposite sides of any interconnect wall generate electrical potential in series with one another.

13. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein each layer of the electrolyte and interconnect materials is of the order of 0.002-0.01 cm thick.

14. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein each layer of the cathode and anode materials is of the order of 0.002-0.05 cm thick.

15. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein each electrolyte wall is of the order of 0.006-0.11 cm thick.

16. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein each interconnect wall is of the order of 0.006-0.11 cm thick.

17. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte and interconnect walls meet one another at junctures and wherein the junctures are spaced from and laterally offset from one another.

18. An electrochemical fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte and interconnect walls meet one another at junctures and wherein the junctures are paired opposite one another.