Radio frequency communication system utilizing radiating transmission lines

• US 4,476,574 A
• Filed: 08/23/1982
• Issued: 10/09/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1980
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Inventors: Struven, Warren C.
• Primary Examiner(s): NG, JIN FAY
• Application Number:
  US06/410,785
• Time in Patent Office: 778 Days
• Field of Search: 455/11, 455/14, 455/41, 455/55, 455/286, 179/82
• US Class Current: 455/523
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/28 using the near field of leaky cables, e.g. of leaky coaxial cables
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/48 Transceivers

Abstract

A radio communication system for use in tunnels, mines, buildings or other shielded locations in which a pair of radiating transmission lines (30), (31) extend through such location in spaced coextensive relation to each other. Each transmission line (30), (31) has at least one unidirectional amplifier (32), (33) interposed therein with the sense of the unidirectional amplifier (32) of one transmission line (30) being opposite to the sense of the unidirectional amplifier (33) of the other transmission line (31). Each of the amplifiers (32), (33) has a gain which is less than the coupling loss between the transmission lines (30), (31). Two or more mobile transceivers (35) in the location served by the system are coupled to the transmission lines (30), (31) by electromagnetic wave propagation in space in order to communicate directly with each other at a given radio frequency within the frequency range of the system.

Claims

1. A radio frequency communicating system comprising a first radiating transmission line having a proximate end and a distal end, said first transmission line including a unidirectional amplifier therein for amplifying a radio frequency signal from said proximate end to said distal end of said first transmission line, a second radiating transmission line spaced from said first transmission line having a proximate end and a distal end and substantially coextensive with said first transmission line thereby establishing a given radio frequency coupling loss between said radiating transmission lines, said second transmission line including a unidirectional amplifier therein for amplifying a radio frequency signal from said distal end to said proximate end of said second transmission line, a radio frequency transmitter coupled to at least one of said first and second transmission lines by electromagnetic wave propagation in space and a radio frequency receiver coupled to at least the other of said first and second transmission lines by electromagnetic wave propagation in space;

said unidirectional amplifiers of said first and second transmission lines having a gain less than the coupling loss between said first and second transmission lines.

2. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of said unidirectional amplifiers are included in each of said first and second transmission lines with the gain of each said unidirectional amplifier being substantially equal to the attenuation loss of the portion of said transmission line between it and the amplifier preceding it in said transmission line.

3. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said transmitter and said receiver operate at the same given radio frequency.

4. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said radio frequency transmitter is coupled to the proximate end of said first transmission line, said radio frequency receiver is coupled to said proximate end of said second transmission line, and a mobile transceiver operating at the same radio frequency as said transmitter and receiver is coupled to said first and second transmission lines by electromagnetic wave propagation in space intermediate said proximate and distal ends thereof.

5. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said transmitter and said receiver comprise a transceiver coupled to said first and second transmission lines by electromagnetic wave propagation in space intermediate said proximate and distal ends thereof and a second transceiver operating at the same radio frequency as said transmitter and receiver is coupled to said first and second transmission lines by electromagnetic wave propagation in space intermediate said proximate and distal ends thereof.

6. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 3 wherein a second radio frequency transmitter operating at said given radio frequency is coupled to said proximate end of said first transmission line by electromagnetic wave propagation in space and wherein a second radio frequency receiver operating at said given radio frequency is galvanically connected to the proximate end of said second transmission line.

7. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said second radio frequency receiver is galvanically connected to said proximate end of said second transmission line through a normally closed switch, said second radio frequency transmitter is located at a remote point with respect to said first transmission line and coupled thereto by means of an omnidirectional antenna galvanically connected to the proximate end of said first transmission line and wherein said second radio frequency receiver is electrically connected to said second radio frequency transmitter through control means adapted to initiate radio frequency transmission from said second radio frequency transmitter modulated by audio frequency signals from said receiver while simultaneously opening said normally closed switch.

8. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein a first high pass filter is interposed in said first radiating transmission line at the input of said unidirectional amplifier thereof and a second high pass filter is interposed in said second radiating transmission line at the input of said unidirectional amplifier thereof.

9. A radio communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first and second radiating transmission lines each comprise two lengths to twin lead transmission line with the unidirectional amplifier thereof interposed between said lengths and coupled thereto by means of impedance matching baluns at the input and output of said unidirectional amplifier.

10. A radio communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first and second radiating transmission lines each comprise a length of twin lead transmission line and a length of coaxial transmission line interconnected to each other through an impedance matching balun.

11. A radio communication system as claimed in claim 10 wherein the center conductor of said length of coaxial transmission line is galvanically connected to one lead of said length of twin lead transmission line, and said impedance matching balun comprises a section of coaxial transmission line having an effective length of substantially one-half wave length at the midpoint of the operating frequency range of said system with one end of the center conductor thereof galvanically connected to the junction between said center conductor of said length of coaxial transmission line and said one lead of said length of twin lead transmission line and the other end of the center conductor thereof galvanically connected to the other lead of said twin lead transmission line, the ends of the outer conductor of said section of coaxial transmission line being galvanically connected to each other and to the end of the outer conductor of said length of coaxial transmission line at the junction between said center conductor of said length of coaxial transmission line and said one lead of said length of twin lead transmission line.

12. A radio communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first and second radiating transmission lines each comprise two lengths of twin lead transmission line and a length of coaxial transmission line, said length of coaxial transmission line being connected to both lengths of twin lead transmission line through a coaxial line splitter and a pair of impedance matching baluns.

13. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 12 wherein said twin lead transmission line is received within an elongated pipe of dielectric material.

14. A radio frequency communication system as claimed in claim 13 wherein said dielectric material of said elongated pipe is a PVC material.

15. A radio communication system as claimed in claim 1 wherein an omnidirectional antenna is coupled to the proximate end of said first radiating transmission line through a given range band pass filter and a directional antenna facing away from said omnidirectional antenna is coupled to the proximate end of said second radiating transmission line through a band pass filter having a range within said given range.

16. The method of providing for radio frequency communication in tunnels and the like having a proximate end and a distal end comprising the steps of:

(a) extending a first radiating transmission line along said tunnel from the proximate end thereof toward the distal end thereof;

(b) extending a second radiating transmission line along said tunnel from the proximate end thereof toward the distal end thereof in spaced substantially coextensive relation to said first radiating transmission line thereby establishing a given radio frequency coupling loss between said radiating transmission lines;

(c) interposing a first unidirectional amplifier in said first radiating transmission line for amplifying a radio frequency signal in a given frequency range from said proximate end toward said distal end of said tunnel with a gain less than said given coupling loss; and

(d) interposing a second unidirectional amplifier in said second radiating transmission line for amplifying a radio frequency signal in said given frequency range from said distal end toward said proximate end of said tunnel with a gain less than said given coupling loss.

17. The method claimed in claim 16 including the steps of:

(e) interposing a first high pass filter in said first radiating transmission line at the input to said first unidirectional amplifier; and

(f) interposing a second high pass filter in said second radiating transmission line at the input to said second unidirectional amplifier.

18. The method claimed in claim 17 including the step of galvanically connecting a receiver to said second radiating transmission line at the end thereof adjacent said proximate end of said tunnel.

19. The method claimed in claim 17 including the step of connecting an omnidirectional receiving antenna located outside said tunnel to said first radiating transmission line at the end thereof adjacent said proximate end of said tunnel.

20. The method claimed in claim 19 including the step of connecting a directional transmitting antenna located outside said tunnel and facing away from said omnidirectional receiving antenna to said second radiating transmission line at the end thereof adjacent said proximate end of said tunnel.

21. The method claimed in claim 19 including the steps of galvanically connecting a receiver to said second radiating transmission line at the end thereof adjacent said proximate end of said tunnel through a normally closed switch;

connecting an audio output of said receiver to a modulating input of an omnidirectional transmitter; and

connecting a control means to said normally closed switch and to said omnidirectional transmitter adapted to selectively actuate said transmitter and simultaneously open said normally closed switch.

22. The method claimed in claim 19 including the step of interposing a bandpass filter having a given frequency range between said omnidirectional receiving antenna and said first radiating transmission line.

23. The method claimed in claim 22 including the step of interposing a bandpass filter having a frequency range within said given frequency range between said directional transmitting antenna and said second radiating transmission line.

24. The method of radio frequency communication comprising the steps of:

(a) amplifying radio frequency signals along a first radiating transmission line in a given direction;

(b) amplifying radio frequency signals along a second radiating transmission line spaced from and substantially coextensive with said first radiating transmission line in the direction opposite said given direction;

(c) establishing a coupling loss between said first and second radiating transmission lines;

(d) limiting the amplification of said radio frequency signals along each of said first and second radiating transmission lines to a value less than said coupling loss; and

(e) coupling radio frequency signals to and from said first and second radiating transmission lines by electromagnetic wave propagation in space.

25. The method of claim 24 including the step of filtering said radio frequency signals along said first and second transmission lines to substantially eliminate all frequencies below a given radio frequency.