Interface apparatus and method for asynchronous encoding of digital television

• US 4,479,142 A
• Filed: 05/17/1982
• Issued: 10/23/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 05/17/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hughes Electronics Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: M/A-COM DCC, Inc. (MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Buschman, Bob D., O'Connell, Ronald T., Muth, Glenn D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Martin, John C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Luan
• Application Number:
  US06/379,382
• Time in Patent Office: 890 Days
• Field of Search: 358/320, 358/310, 358/141, 358/140, 358/13, 358/11, 358/143, 358/146
• US Class Current: 375/240.01
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/1623 Plesiochronous digital hierarchy [PDH]
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 11/046 DPCM
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23614 Multiplexing of additional data and video streams arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information H04H20/28
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2368 Multiplexing of audio and video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2383 Channel coding or modulation of digital bit-stream, e.g. QPSK modulation arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by adapting the channel coding H04L1/0009; analogue front ends or means for connecting modulators, demodulators or transceivers to a transmission line H04L27/0002
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/242 Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References] arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems in broadcast distribution systems H04H20/18
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/56 Synchronising systems therefor

Abstract

Digitally encoded (DPCM) NTSC video is transmitted in a standard T3 data format and rate via a transmit interface module. The module is subjected to inputs comprising DPCM encoded NTSC video, horizontal sync and a video sampling clock at 3f_sc, where f_sc is the color subcarrier frequency. The sampling clock is used to write the DPCM encoded video and horizontal sync into a buffer. The buffer is read out via a read clock which is a submultiple of the 44736 MHz T3 rate. To assist in receiver decoding, the video data is supplemented with horizontal sync indicating code words, which designate the start of each horizontal scan line. On detection of a horizontal sync word read out of the buffer memory, the read clock is inhibited for the insertion of the horizontal sync indicating code words. The T3 frame is also supplemented with two digitized audio channels, stuff indicators and a stuff opportunity slot as well as parity, frame and multiframe indicators and an alarm channel. The T3 frame also carries data indicating a relationship between the T3 clock and f_sc. This is useful at the receiver for ensuring that f_sc at the receiver will track f_sc at the transmitter. In accordance with standard T3 operation, the frame comprises 56 85-bit words, 28 odd and 28 even. The first bit of each 85-bit word is a control bit. Substantially all of the odd words include a 4-bit digitized audio nibble. Exceptions are two unused 4-bit nibbles, a single 4-bit stuff opportunity nibble and a single 4-bit video sample. Each of the even words includes 21 4-bit video samples which can be either video samples or sync indicating code words.

Claims

1. An interface for a video encoder arranged to output asynchronously DPCM encoded NTSC video and supplemental data in a T3 data format and rate for interfacing with encoded video sampled at an integer multiple of f_sc where f_sc is the color subcarrier frequency comprising:

a buffer with DPCM encoded video and video sync inputs, means to write video and video sync into said buffer in response to a sampling clock;

timing circuit control means responsive to a T3 rate clock for producing a data read clock at a submultiple of said T3 rate clock;

coupling means for coupling the data clock to said buffer for reading out said buffer memory at said data read clock rate to produce a data stream;

sync detection means responsive to a sync signal read from said buffer for inhibiting said coupling means for a predetermined time;

supplemental data generator means with an output coupled to a data multiplexing means for generating supplemental data;

data multiplexing means responsive to video data read from said buffer and to supplemental data from said supplemental data generator means for outputting said video data and supplemental data in time sequence;

whereby detection of a sync signal inhibits reading of said buffer for said predetermined time allowing insertion of said supplemental data.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said data multiplexing means is also responsive to a vertical sync pulse for outputting supplemental data uniquely representative of vertical sync.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 in which said multiplexing means comprises:

a tristate data bus,

first and second latches coupled thereto,

a multiplexer with a first fixed input and coupled to said second latch, and

control means responsive to said sync detection means for disabling said first latch and enabling said second latch in response to a sync pulse whereby said first fixed input to said multiplexer is coupled to said tristate data bus through said second latch.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said multiplexer includes a second fixed input and a control terminal coupled to a vertical sync input,

whereby either said first or second fixed input is coupled to said tristate data bus depending on the presence or absence of said vertical sync pulse.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 which further includes:

comparator means with two inputs and an output for comparing a first input rate directly related to F_sc with a second input rate directly related to said T3 rate and for producing a frequency code signal, and wherein;

said data multiplexing means includes a frequency code multiplexer responsive to said comparator means and said time sequence of video and supplemental data for inserting said frequency code signal into said time sequence.

6. A method of transmitting DPCM encoded NTSC video in a T3 format comprising the steps of:

(a) creating a stream of said DPCM encoded NTSC video,

(b) creating a parallel stream of horizontal sync pulses,

(c) momentarily halting said stream of DPCM encoded NTSC video at the occurrence of each horizontal sync pulse,

(d) inserting a predetermined bit pattern into said DPCM stream once for each horizontal sync pulse during said momentary halt,

(e) inserting overhead bits into said stream corresponding to a standard T3 format, and

(f) transmitting the resulting stream in a bit serial fashion.

7. The method of claim 6 which includes the further steps of:

(i) periodically, with reference to a T3 clock, halting said streams of steps (a) and (b), and

(ii) inserting a digital word representing audio information into a stream produced as a result of step (c) for each halt of step (i).

8. The method of claim 6 which comprises the further steps of:

(i) continually comparing a rate directly related to a subcarrier of said NTSC video with a rate directly related to T3 rate to produce a frequency code signal, and

(ii) inserting said frequency code signal into said stream in said step (e).

9. A method of transmitting DPCM encoded NTSC video in a T3 format comprising the steps of:

assembling a serial digital bit stream into sequential T3 frames, repeating at a T3 frame rate,

said serial digital bit stream consisting of a sequence of 56 85-bit digital words, 28 odd and 28 even words, each such word including a single control bit and 84 data bits, a majority of said 84 data bits comprising encoded video, each such odd digital word including a single 4-bit nibble of substantially only digitized audio data, said digital bit stream associated with at least every other frame including a plurality of 4-bit nibbles signalling a video scan line start.

10. An interface for a video encoder arranged to output asynchronously encoded video and supplemental data in a T3 data format and rate for interfacing with DPCM encoded video sampled at an integer multiple of a color subcarrier comprising:

means for inserting DPCM encoded video into a T3 frame,

first means for comparing a video sampling clock directly related to said color subcarrier and a T3 signal directly related to said T3 rate, and wherein said means for inserting includes;

means responsive to said first means for inserting data representative of said comparison into said T3 frame.

11. The interface of claim 10 wherein said first means includes:

a delay means responsive to said T3 signal and clocked by said video sampling clock,

a counter clocked by said video sampling clock resetting means for resetting said counter in response to said delay means reaching a predetermined condition,

a latch responsive to said counter and clocked each time said delay means reaches a different predetermined condition for supplying said data representative of said comparison.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said means for inserting includes:

buffer means responsive to sequentially presented video differences and to periodically presented horizontal sync pulses for storing the same,

data read clock means responsive to said T3 rate for generating a data read clock,

coupling means for coupling said data read clock to said buffer means for reading said buffer means,

sync detection means responsive to said buffer means for inhibiting said coupling means for a predetermined time on detection of a sync pulse read from said buffer means,

supplemental data generating means for generating supplemental data in response to said sync pulse from said buffer means,

multiplexing means including a pair of latches, a first latch responsive to video differences read from said buffer means and a second responsive to said supplemental data for generating a time sequence of said video differences and said supplemental data,

second multiplexing means responsive to said time sequence and to said data representative of said comparison for generating a composite time sequence.