Serpentine charge coupled device

• US 4,479,201 A
• Filed: 12/17/1981
• Issued: 10/23/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Domingo, George
• Primary Examiner(s): Popek, Joseph A.
• Application Number:
  US06/331,504
• Time in Patent Office: 1,041 Days
• Field of Search: 377/57, 377/61, 377/62, 377/63, 357/24 R, 365/182, 365/183, 333/165
• US Class Current: 365/183
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14825 Linear CCD imagers
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14856 Time-delay and integration
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/1062 of charge coupled devices
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 15/023 with parallel-input configuration

Abstract

Trade-off between dynamic range and sampling rate in a charge coupled device is virtually eliminated in the serpentine charge coupled device of the present invention. In this device, for each charge packet transferred in a first direction, a plurality of n charge packets are transferred in a second transverse direction in the serpentine register. Accordingly, for a given charge transfer rate in the first direction, the charge coupled device clock frequency is increased by a factor of n. The serpentine register is formed on the semiconductive substrate having two parallel channel stops extending in a first direction and a plurality of parallel interlaced channel stop fingers extending in a second direction which are alternately connected to the two parallel channel stops. Charge transfer is accomplished under the control of a plurality of n parallel electrodes extending in a first direction formed in a first level above the substrate and a second plurality of parallel electrodes formed in a second level above the substrate which extend diagonally in a third direction. A complementary pair of clock signals are alternately connected among the first electrodes and among the diagonal electrodes.

Claims

1. A charge transfer device serial register, comprising:

a semiconductive substrate;

a plurality of interlaced channel stop fingers extending in a first direction in said substrate;

a pluraliity of spaced-apart first electrodes extending in a second direction transverse to said first direction and overlying said fingers; and

a

plurality of second electrodes extending in a third direction transverse to both said first and second directions and overlying the gaps between adjacent ones of said first electrodes, wherein said first electrodes are formed in a first insulated layer over said substrate and said second electrodes are formed in a second insulated layer.

2. The serial register of claim 1 further comprising means for connecting alternate ones of said first and second electrodes to receive alternate complementary clock signals.

3. The serial register of claim 1 further comprising a pair of parallel channel stops extending in said second direction, each of said channel stops being connected to alternate ones of said channel stop fingers, wherein said plurality of first electrodes overlies a substrate region bounded by said two parallel channel stops.

4. The serial register of claim 1 wherein said first and second directions are perpendicular to one another and said third direction is diagonal with respect to said first and second directions.

5. A charge transfer device serial register, comprising:

a semiconductive substrate;

a plurality of interlaced channel stop fingers extending in a first direction in said substrate;

a first plurality of insulated electrodes overlying said fingers and formed in a first level over said substrate and extending in a second direction;

a plurality of electrode portions formed in a second level over said substrate, said electrode portions each overlying a corresponding region of said substrate located between adjacent ones of said channel stop fingers and in registration with adjacent ones of said first plurality of electrodes; and

a plurality of conductive means extending in a third direction which is different from said first and second directions for connecting adjacent ones of said electrode portions grouped in a line extending along said third direction.

6. The serial register of claim 5 wherein each of said conductive means and said grouped electrode portions comprise a diagonally extending electrode formed in a second level above said plurality of first electrodes.

7. The serial register of claim 6 further comprising means for connecting alternate ones of said diagonal electrodes and alternate ones of said first electrodes to receive a first clock signal and for connecting the remaining ones of said diagonal electrodes and first electrodes to receive a complementary clock signal.

8. An improved time delay and integration charge coupled device imager, comprising:

a semiconductive substrate;

a pair of channel stops in said substrate extending in one direction defining a charge flow channel therebetween;

a row of photodetector diodes formed in said substrate adjacent said channel and adjacent one of said channel stops;

first and second pluralities of interlaced channel stop fingers, said first plurality of channel stop fingers connected to one of said channel stops and partially extending in an other direction toward the other of said channel stops, said second plurality of channel stop fingers being connected to said other channel stop and partially extending in said other direction toward said one channel stop;

a first plurality of electrodes extending in said one direction and overlying said channel;

a second plurality of electrodes extending in a diagonal direction transverse to both said one and other directions and overlying said channel, wherein said first electrodes are formed in a first insulated layer and said second electrodes are formed in a second insulated layer over said substrate;

a plurality of openings in said one channel stop, each of said openings being between a respective pair of adjacent ones of said first plurality of channel stop fingers and facing a corresponding one of said photodetector diodes; and

means for applying complementary clock signals to said first and second pluralities of electrodes.

9. The imager of claim 8 wherein said photodetector row is optically scanned at a particular rate and said clock signal means implements charge transfer in said channel in said one direction at a first rate corresponding to said scanning rate and in said other direction at a second rate greater than said first rate by a factor proportional to the number of said first plurality of electrodes.

10. The imager of claim 9 further comprising a transfer electrode overlying said substrate and comprising means for controlling the transfer of charge from said plurality of photosensitive diodes through said plurality of channel stop openings, and wherein said clock signal means applies a clock signal to said transfer electrode in synchronism with said complementary clock signals.

11. A charge coupled device transversal filter, comprising:

a semiconductive substrate;

a pair of channel stops formed in said substrate and extending in one direction to form a charge-carrying channel;

first and second pluralities of interlaced channel stop fingers, said first plurality of channel stop fingers being connected to one of said channel stops and partially extending in an other direction toward the other said channel stops, said second plurality of channel stop fingers being connected to the other of said channel stops and partially extending toward said one channel stop in said other direction;

a first plurality of electrodes extending in said one direction and overlying said channel;

a second plurality of electrodes extending in a diagonal direction transverse to said one and other directions and overlying said channel, wherein said first plurality of electrodes are formed in a first insulated layer and said second plurality of electrodes are formed in a second insulated layer over said substrate;

a pair of openings formed in said one channel stop, one of said openings comprising a charge flow entrance and the other of said openings comprising a charge flow exit;

a charge coupled device register adjacent said channel and adjacent said one channel stop having an input and an output, said output being adjacent said entrance and said input being adjacent said exit; and

means for applying clock signals to said first and second pluralities of electrodes whereby charge transfer in said channel is synchronized with charge transfer in said register.

12. The transversal filter of claim 11 wherein said register comprises a charge coupled device meander channel register and wherein said channel comprises a delay line having a delay proportional to the number of said first plurality of electrodes.