Touch position sensitive surface

• US 4,484,179 A
• Filed: 12/23/1981
• Issued: 11/20/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Original Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Inventors: Kasday, Leonard R.
• Primary Examiner(s): TRAFTON, DAVID
• Application Number:
  US06/333,744
• Time in Patent Office: 1,063 Days
• Field of Search: 340/365 P, 340/712, 340/815.24, 340/815.31, 178/18, 250/549
• US Class Current: 345/176
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/247 using distributed sensing elements, e.g. microcapsules along a single optical fibre G01L1/242
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2852 using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04104 Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04109 FTIR in optical digitiser, i.e. touch detection by frustrating the total internal reflection within an optical waveguide due to changes of optical properties or deformation at the touch location
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04808 Several contacts: gestures triggering a specific function, e.g. scrolling, zooming, right-click, when the user establishes several contacts with the surface simultaneously; e.g. using several fingers or a combination of fingers and pen
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/037 using the raster scan of a cathode-ray tube [CRT] for detecting the position of the member, e.g. light pens cooperating with CRT monitors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0421 by interrupting or reflecting a light beam, e.g. optical touch-screen
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04883 for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 29/892 using fibre optics
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/9631 using a light source as part of the switch
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/9638 using a light guide
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/968 using opto-electronic devices

Abstract

A touch sensitive device is arranged with substantially parallel surfaces which are at least partially transparent to light. A flexible membrane is supported above the top surface of the screen and when the overlay is flexed into contact with the screen, light which had passed through the screen, is trapped between the screen surfaces by total internal reflection. The edges of the screen are fitted with light detectors for gathering the trapped light. Using this arrangement positional determination of one or more screen touches is possible.

Claims

1. A touch position sensitive device for use in conjunction with a signal source, said device comprising

spaced apart surfaces arranged such that signals are introduced by total internal reflection between said surfaces as a result of a change in medium bounding at least one of said surfaces, and

a flexible overlay adjacent said one surface, said overlay adapted to be deflected into contact with said one surface in response to a depression of said overlay so as to cause said medium change thereby providing a distinctive signal level change between the surfaces of said device when said signals are introduced between said surfaces.

2. The invention set forth in claim 1 wherein a portion of said signals pass through said surfaces as well as through said overlay.

3. The invention set forth in claim 2 wherein said surfaces are substantially parallel to each other.

4. The invention set forth in claim 1 wherein said distinctive signal is provided by signal utilization means communicating with an edge of said device.

5. The invention set forth in claim 4 wherein said signal source is a light source and wherein said signals which are introduced into said device are light signals from said light source.

6. The invention set forth in claim 4 wherein said utilization means includes at least one light detecting diode.

7. The invention set forth in claim 4 wherein said utilization means includes optic fiber means.

8. The invention set forth in claim 1 wherein said flexible overlay has thereon a pattern of reflective material and wherein said overlay is at least partially transparent to said signal.

9. A position sensitive device for use in conjunction with a source of light, said device comprising

substantially parallel surfaces arranged such that light from said light source impinging upon one of said surfaces is subject to a changeable light ray angle within said surfaces due to a change in the medium bounding said one surface, and

a membrane overlayed on one of said surfaces, said overlay adapted for changing said light ray angle.

10. The invention set forth in claim 9 further comprising

light utilization means arranged to provide a distinctive output only when said impinging light is subjected to said changed angle so as to become entrapped within said device by total internal reflection between said surfaces of said device.

11. The invention set forth in claim 10 wherein a portion of said impinging light passes through said parallel surfaces and through said membrane.

12. The invention set forth in claim 11 wherein said utilization means includes at least one light detecting diode.

13. The invention set forth in claim 11 wherein said utilization means includes optic fiber means.

14. The invention set forth in claim 9 wherein said flexible overlay has thereon a pattern of reflective material and wherein said overlay is at least partially transparent to said synchronized signal.

15. A touch position sensitive device adapted for mating with the screen of a CRT operable for generating light patterns on the surface thereof, said light patterns being coordinately positioned under control of repetitive vertical and horizontal inputs, said device comprising

a rigid sheet of transparent material having inner and outer surfaces substantially parallel to each other through which light from a mated CRT screen passes, said inner surface shaped to mate with said CRT, said outer surface being open to air,

a flexible membrane overlayed on said outer surface, said membrane spaced apart from said outer surface,

light accepting means arranged along at least one edge of said device, said accepting means arranged for providing outputs indicative of the magnitude of the light impinging on said accepting means, and

means for positioning said accepting means so that light which impinges thereupon comes substantially from within said device between said parallel surfaces, and so that when the air bounding said outer surface of said rigid sheet is removed at a point on said outer surface by contact with said membrane said outputs reflect such contact for a period of time corresponding to the time when said light is being generated at said position where said contact is made.

16. A device for use in combination with the screen of a CRT, said CRT operable for generating light images on the screen thereof, said light images occurring as a result of a horizontal and vertical scan of an electron beam directed against said screen said device including

a first sheet of material having inner and outer parallel surfaces through which light generated at said CRT screen will pass with a refraction angle θ

1 at said inner surface next to said CRT screen and with a refraction angle θ

2 at said outer surface,

a flexible membrane overlaying said outer surface,

photodetecting means arranged along at least one edge of said device and operable for providing an output representative of the magnitude of light which impinges on said photodetecting means, and

means for positioning said photodetecting means such that said impinging light comes substantially from between said surfaces of said first sheet and such that when said refraction angle θ

2 is changed to refraction angle θ

3 by contact between said membrane and said outersurface said photodetector means output reflects said angle change, said refraction angle θ

3 being such that total internal reflection occurs.

17. A CRT having a touch position sensitive total internally reflective screen, said screen comprising

substantially parallel surfaces arranged such that light is introduced between said surfaces as a result of a change in medium bounding an outer one of said surfaces,

a flexible overlay supportable adjacent to said outer surface, said overlay adapted to be deflected into contact with said outer surface in response to a depression of said overlay at position, said contact causing total internal reflection to occur within said parallel surfaces,

light detecting means arranged to provide a distinctive output when said light is introduced between said surfaces so as to become entrapped within said screen by total internal reflection of said surfaces of said screen.

18. The invention set forth in claim 17 further comprising

means for coordinating the position of said light across said screen with said distinctive output to determine said position on said surface corresponding to said depression.

19. The invention set forth in claim 17 wherein said flexible ovelay has displaced thereon a pattern of reflective material and wherein said overlay is at least partially transparent to said synchronized signal.

20. The invention set forth in claim 19 wherein said reflective material consists of periodically spaced apart half-tone white dots.

21. The invention set forth in claim 20 wherein the sides of said white dots facing away from said CRT are made dark in color.

22. A touch sensitive device for use in conjunction with a light source, said device comprising

spaced apart flexible surfaces arranged such that signals are introduced between said surfaces so as to become entrapped within said surfaces by total internal reflection between said surfaces as a result of a change in medium bounding at least one of said surfaces, said medium change occurring as a result of a flexed contact between said one surface and said light source, and

signal utilization means communicating with a region between said surfaces so as to provide a distinctive output when said signals are so introduced between said surfaces.

23. The invention set forth in claim 22 further comprising a flexible overlay adjacent to one of said surfaces, said overlay having a smaller index of refraction than said flexible surface.

24. The invention set forth in claim 23 wherein said overlay is partially light absorbent.

25. Deflection detection apparatus for use with a signal source, said apparatus comprising

a structure having spaced apart surfaces such that signals from said signal source are introduced by total internal reflection between said surfaces, and

means adjacent one of said surfaces adapted for deflection into contact with said one surface so as to cause said introduction of signals between said surfaces by total internal reflection.

26. The invention set forth in claim 25 wherein said deflection means is a flexible membrane overlaid on said one surface and spaced apart therefrom.

27. A touch sensitive device for use in conjunction with a light source, said device comprising

spaced apart flexible surfaces arranged such that signals are introduced between said surfaces so as to become entrapped within said surfaces by total internal reflection between said surfaces as a result of a flexure of at least one of said surfaces, and

signal utilization means communicating with a region between said surfaces so as to provide a distinctive output when said signals are so introduced between said surfaces.

28. A touch position sensitive device adapted for mating with the screen of a CRT operable for generating light patterns on the surface thereof, said light patterns being coordinately positioned under control of repetitive vertical and horizontal inputs, said device comprising

a flexible sheet of transparent material having inner and outer surfaces substantially parallel to each other through which light from a mated CRT screen passes, said inner surface shaped to mate with said CRT, and

light accepting means arranged for providing outputs indicative of the magnitude of the light impinging on said accepting means, said accepting means positioned so that light which impinges thereupon comes substantially from within said device between said parallel surfaces, and so that when said sheet of material is flexed to allow light to become entrapped within said material by total internal reflection said outputs reflect such flexure for a period of time corresponding to the time when said light is being generated at said position where said flexure occurs.

29. Deflection detection apparatus for use with a signal source, said apparatus comprising

a flexible structure having spaced apart surfaces such that signals from said signal source are introduced by total internal reflection between said surfaces as a result of a flexure of said structure.

30. Deflection detection apparatus comprising, in combination, a signal source, and

a flexible structure having spaced apart surfaces such that signals from said signal source are introduced by total internal reflection between said surfaces, as a result of a flexure of said structure.