Enhancement of video images by selective introduction of gray-scale pels

• US 4,486,785 A
• Filed: 09/30/1982
• Issued: 12/04/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Stelzenmuller, William K., Lasher, Dana A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Application Number:
  US06/429,382
• Time in Patent Office: 796 Days
• Field of Search: 358/284, 340/703, 340/727, 340/728, 340/793, 340/731, 179/15, 315/283
• US Class Current: 358/447
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/28 for enhancement of character form, e.g. smoothing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/40081 Soft dot halftoning, i.e. producing halftone dots with gradual edges

Abstract

A technique for enhancing a displayed image originally stored at a density of 1 data bit per pel. The stored data is scanned to locate unit steps, one-row or one-column steps in binary values. Whenever a unit step is found, the distance from the step to the nearest transitions on both sides of the step are found. The distances are used to access lookup tables which assign 4 bit gray scale values to limited numbers of pels on both sides of the unit step. The assigned gray scale values produce a gradually-darkening string of pels extending through the step. When the entire image field has been scanned, a maximum 4 bit pel value is assigned to any unmodified pel having an original binary value of 1 and a minimum pel value is assigned to any unmodified pel having an original binary value of 0. The visual quality of the displayed image is enhanced by the selective introduction of intermediate gray scale values for pels adjacent unit steps.

Claims

1. In a system for receiving and storing non-coded binary image pel data and for generating an image derived from the stored data on a gray scale display device, a method for enhancing the visual quality of the displayed image characterized by the steps of:

examining the stored data on a pel by pel basis along successive pel lines to identify unit steps in binary pel values in a direction transverse to the direction of the successive lines;

modifying the stored data by assigning gray scale values to a limited number of pels on opposite sides of each identified unit step to create a string of gradually changing pel values extending through each identified unit step;

assigning fixed gray scale values to any pels not already modified to establish upper and lower limits on gray scale pel values; and

generating the displayed image in accordance with the assigned gray scale pel values.

2. A method as defined by claim 1 wherein binary image pel data is stored in a memory array defined by logical rows and columns corresponding to the row and column display locations of the gray scale display device and wherein substantially all stored data is examined on a pel by pel basis along successive rows to locate unit steps spanning a single row.

3. A method as defined by either of claims 1 or 2 wherein the step of modifying the stored data is further characterized by the steps of:

examining stored data in opposite directions beginning with the pels adjacent each identified unit step to locate either the display boundary or the nearest pel in either the step-containing line or an adjacent line at which a change in binary pel values occurs; and

assigning gray scale pel values to a predetermined maximum number of pels bounded by the starting pel and the located pel.

4. In a system for receiving and storing binary data representative of pels in a previously captured image wherein the binary data is stored in a memory array, arranged in logical rows and logical columns, at a density of one bit per pel, a method of assigning gray scale values to certain pels to enhance the visual quality of the image when displayed on a gray scale display device, said method characterized by the steps of:

examining the stored binary data on a pel by pel basis along successive pel lines to identify unit steps in binary pel values in a direction transverse to the direction of the successive lines, each identified unit step being adjacent a pel arbitrarily defined as occurring at an intersection of row J and column I in a display area;

examining the binary data beginning at column I+1 and continuing to the right until a display boundary is encountered or a change in binary data is found in row J or in one of rows J-1 and J+1 to derive a pel distance RD;

examining the binary data beginning at column I and continuing to the left until a display boundary is encountered or a change in binary data is found in row J or one of rows J-1 and J+1 to derive a pel distance LD;

modifying the stored data representing pels to the right of the unit step by assigning gray scale values as a function of the derived distance RD;

modifying the stored data representing pels to the right of the unit step by assigning gray scale values as a function of the derived distance RD;

modifying the stored data representing pels to the left of the unit step by assigning gray scale values as a function of the derived distance LD;

assigning fixed gray scale values to any pels remaining unchanged following the modifying steps to fix upper and lower limits on gray scale pel values; and

generating the displayed image in accordance with the assigned gray scale pel values.

5. A method as defined in claim 4 further characterized by the steps of:

examining binary data in a region encompassing an identifying inter-row unit step to determine whether the region also includes a second unit step extending one column from the boundary of columns I and I+1;

examining the binary data beginning with the pel at the row and column immediately above the second unit step and continuing upwardly until a display boundary is encountered or a change in data is found in column I or one of columns I-1 and I+1 to derive a pel distance UD;

examining the binary data beginning with the pel at the row and column immediately below the second unit step and continuing downwardly until a display boundary is encountered or a change in binary data is found in column I or one of columns I-1 and I+1 to derive a pel distance DD;

modifying the stored data representing pels above the second unit step by assigning gray scale values as a function of the derived distance UD; and

modifying the stored data representing pels below the second unit step by assigning gray scale values as a function of the derived distance DD.

6. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein the number of pels which are modified as the result of finding a unit step are limited to a predetermined maximum value regardless of the actual magnitude of the derived distance.

7. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein the assigned gray scale values are derived in a table lookup step wherein the values are stored in arrays defined by the original binary value of the pels being modified, the number of pels to be modified and the location of each of those pels relative to the identified unit step.

8. A system for enhancing the visual quality of a gray scale image produced by a gray scale display device where the image is derived from data stored at a density of one bit per pel, said system including:

means for examining the stored data to locate unit steps in binary pel values;

means for assigning gray scale values to pels on opposite sides of each unit step to create a string of gradually changing pel values extending through each identified unit step;

means for assigning fixed gray scale values to any pels not already modified to establish limiting black/white pel values; and

means for generating the displayed image in accordance with the assigned gray scale pel values.