End-to-end information memory arrangement in a line controller

• US 4,488,288 A
• Filed: 06/25/1982
• Issued: 12/11/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 06/25/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Inventors: Turner, Jonathan S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chin, Wellington
• Application Number:
  US06/392,227
• Time in Patent Office: 900 Days
• Field of Search: 370/60, 370/94, 370/58
• US Class Current: 370/393
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5649 Cell delay or jitter
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/34 Source routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/10 characterised by the switching fabric construction
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/118 Address processing within a device, e.g. using internal ID or tags for routing within a switch
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/1507 Distribute and route fabrics, e.g. sorting-routing or Batcher-Banyan
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/205 Quality of Service based
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/254 Centralised controller, i.e. arbitration or scheduling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/30 Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/501 Overload detection
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/555 Error detection

Abstract

A communication method and packet switching system in which packets comprising physical addresses and voice/data information are communicated through the system by packet switching networks which are interconnected by high-speed digital trunks with each of the latter being directly terminated on both ends by trunk controllers. Customer terminals are connected to the switching system by access line controllers which insert the physical addresses into the packets. The line controllers attach to concentrators which are interconnected to the switching networks via high-speed digital trunks. During initial call setup of a particular call, the physical addresses are obtained and stored in the line controllers by the transmission of a cell setup packet and call reply packet between the originating and destination line controllers. Each processor inserts into the call setup packet the necessary addressing information to route packets through the associated network. Each network comprises stages of switching nodes which are responsive to the physical addresses in a packet to communicate this packet to a designated subsequent node. The nodes provide for variable packet buffering, packet address rotation techniques, and intranode and internode signaling protocols.

Claims

1. In a packet communication system for switching packets of digital signals with each of said packets having an address field defining a communication path through said system and a data field and said system comprising:

a plurality of terminals;

the invention comprising;

processor means;

packet switching network means operable for establishing path connections for a call setup packet from a first one of said terminals to said processor means in response to the address field of said call setup packet;

said processor means responsive to a receipt of said call setup packet for supplying address information in the data field of said call setup packet to effect an operation of said network means for the establishment of path connections communicating from said first one of said terminals to a second one of said terminals and to communicate said call setup packet to said second one of said terminals;

route address means for said first and second ones of said terminals for effecting the storage of said address information following a receipt of said call setup packet at said second terminal; and

said packet switching network being subsequently operable independent of said processor means under control of said stored address information inserted into subsequent ones of said plurality of packets for establishing path connections between said first and second terminals to communicate said subsequent packet therebetween.

2. A packet communication system for switching packets of digital signals between terminals with each of said packets having an address field defining a communication path through said system and a data field, and said system comprising:

a plurality of terminals;

processor means;

packet switching network means operable for establishing path connections for a call setup packet from a first one of said terminals to said processor means in response to the address field of said call setup packet;

said processor means responsive to a receipt of said call setup packet from said first one of said terminals for supplying address information in the data field of said network means for the establishment of path connections from said first one of said terminals to a second one of said terminals and to communicate communicating said call setup packet to said second one of said terminals; and

control means responsive to a receipt of said call setup packet at said second one of said terminals for transmitting a call-reply packet containing said address information in said data field thereof.

3. A packet communication system according to claim 2 wherein said control means cooperates with said packet switching network means for establishing path connections through said network means to communicate said call-reply packet to said first one of said terminals.

4. A packet communication system according to claim 2 wherein said packet switching network comprises:

a plurality of packet switches responsive to said information in said address field of said call-reply packet for communicating said call-reply packet to said first one of said terminals.

5. A packet communication system according to claim 4 further comprising:

route address means for said first one of said terminals responsive to said call-reply packet to store said address information therein.

6. A packet communication system according to claim 5 further comprising:

route address means for said second one of said terminals for storing said address information.

7. A packet communication system according to claim 2 further comprising:

a plurality of interface facility means;

and wherein said packet switching network means comprises;

a plurality of packet switches is responsive to a receipt of address information in a data packet from one of said interface facility means for establishing a packet switch path connection to another one of said interface facility means.

8. A packet communication system according to claim 7 wherein:

each of said packet switches comprises input means and output means; and

each of said interface facility means connected to individual input means of one of said packet switches and to an individual output means of another one of said packet switches.

9. A packet communication system according to claim 8 wherein

said processor means comprises a central processor connected to one of said interface facility means and being responsive to a receipt of said call setup packet for supplying a portion of said address information.

10. A packet communication system according to claim 9 further comprising:

a plurality of access controllers, each of said controllers being connectable individually to one of said plurality of terminals;

and wherein

said processor means further comprises another processor means responsive to a receipt of said call setup packet for supplying another portion of said address information; and

said packet switching network means further comprises concentrator means for connecting said access controllers to said other processor means and to ones of said interface facility means.

11. A packet switch according to claim 10 wherein each of said access controllers comprises:

route address means for storing said address information; and

a receiver for communicating packets received from said connected terminal to concentrator means;

said route address means of said each access controller is responsive to each of said received packets to insert said stored address information.

12. A packet switching system serving a plurality of customer terminals for transmitting packets of digital signals with each of said packets having an address field defining the route through said system and a data field, said system comprising;

a switching office having a first central processor and having a plurality of interconnected packet switches with each of said packet switches responsive to the address fields of received packets to transmit those packets through the packet switch;

a first and a second of said customer terminals connected to said first switching office;

said packet switches responsive to the address field of a call setup one of said packets for transmitting said call setup one of said packet to said first central processor;

said first central processor having a first means responsive to said call setup one of said packets from said first customer terminal to calculate the address information for routing subsequent ones of said packets between said first and second customer terminals and having a second means for inserting said address information into said data field of said call setup packet and a third means for transmitting said call setup packet to said second customer terminal; and

said second customer terminal having a first means being responsive to said call setup one of said packets to store said address information and a second means for transmitting a call-reply one of said packets containing said address information in said address and data fields to said first customer terminal.

13. The invention of claim 12 wherein said plurality of packet switches are responsive to said address field of said call-reply one of said packets to transmit said call-reply one of said packets to said first customer terminal.

14. The invention of claim 13 wherein said first customer terminal further comprises a route address memory;

and

said route address memory is responsive to said one call-reply of said packets to store said address information.

15. The invention of claim 12 wherein said packet switching system further comprises:

a second switching office connected to said first switching office having a second central processor and having another plurality of interconnected packet switches with each of said packet switches responsive to the address fields of each of said packets to transmit those packets through the packet switch;

a third one of said customer terminals connected to said second switching office;

said other plurality of packet switches responsive to the address field of a second call setup one of said packets from said first customer terminal transmitted via said first switching office to transmit said second call setup one of said packets to said second central processor;

said second central processor having a first means responsive to said second call setup one of said packets transmitted from said first customer terminal via said first switching office to calculate the address information necessary to route packets between said first and said third customer terminals via said other plurality of interconnected packet switches and having a second means for inserting said second address information into said data field of said second call setup one of said packets and a third means for transmitting said second call setup one of said packets to said third customer terminal; and

said third customer terminal having first means responsive to said second call setup one of said packets to store said second address information and having second means for transmitting said second call-reply one of said packets containing said second address information in said address and data fields of said second call-reply one of said packets to said second switching office.

16. The invention of claim 14 wherein said first customer terminal is further connectable to a telephone set;

said telephone set comprising means for transmitting analog voice signals to said first customer terminal;

said first customer terminal further comprising a first means responsive to said analog voice signals to convert said analog signals to digitally encoded voice signals; and

said first customer terminal further comprising a second means responsive to said analog voice signals to continuously assemble packets of said digitally encoded voice signals and said address information stored in said route address memory and a third means for transmitting each of said packets of digitally encoded voice signals to said first switching office, whereby said packets of digitally encoded voice signals are transmitted to said second customer terminal.

17. A telecommunication switching system for transmitting packets of digitally encoded voice signals and digital data signals between a plurality of customer terminal units with each of said packets having an address field which defines the route of the packet through the switching system, a data field and each of said customer terminal units connectable to a telephone set and a source of data signals, said system comprising:

a first and second switching office with each of said offices having a central processor and a switching network, and each switching network having a plurality of interconnected packet switches;

a transmission means for interconnecting said first and second offices;

a first one of said customer terminal units connected to said first office and being responsive to a number from the connected telephone set to assemble a call setup packet containing said number in the data field and address signals identifying said central processor of said first office in the address field and to transmit said call setup packet to said switching network of said first office;

said switching network of said first office responsive to the address field of said call setup packet to communicate said call setup packet to said central processor of said first office;

said central processor of said first office having a first means responsive to said number contained in said call setup packet to calculate a first address for defining a first portion of said route through said switching network of said first office and a second means for inserting said first address into said data field and a third means for inserting other address signals identifying said central processor of said second office into said address field of said call setup packet and fourth means for transmitting said call setup packet to said second office; and

said switching network of said second office responsive to the address field of said call setup packet to communicate said call setup packet to said central office of said second office;

said central processor of said second office having a first means responsive to said number contained in said call setup packet to calculate a second address for defining a second portion of said route through said switching network of said second office and a second means for inserting said second address into said data field, and a third means for transmitting said call setup packet to a second one of said customer terminal units.

18. The invention of claim 17 wherein said second one of said customer terminal units having a first means responsive to said call setup packet to read and store said first and second addresses from said data field, a second means for assembling a call-reply packet containing said first and second address in the address and data fields, and a third means for transmitting a call-reply packet to said switching network of said second office;

said switching network of said second office responsive to said second address in said address field to transmit said call-reply packet via said second portion of said route to said switching network of said first office; and

said switching network of said first office responsive to said first address in said address field to transmit said call-reply packet via said first portion of said route to said first one of said customer terminal units.

19. The invention of claim 18 wherein said first one of said customer terminal units further comprises a route address memory;

and

said first one of said customer terminal units responsive to said call-reply packet to store said first and second addresses in said route address memory.

20. The invention of claim 19 wherein said switching network of said second office further comprises first interface facility means connected to said second one of said customer terminal units and second interface facility means connected to said switching network of said first office via a transmission means;

said first interface facility means having means responsive to said call-reply packet to read said second address information from said address field and means for assembling an intranetwork packet comprising said second address followed by the remainder of said call-reply packet;

said interconnected packet switches in said second portion of said route responsive to said second address of said intranetwork packet to transmit said intranetwork packet to said second interface facility means; and

said second interface facility means responsive to said intranetwork packet to remove said second address and to transmit said call-reply packet to said first office.

21. The invention of claim 20 wherein said first interface facility means transmits said intranetwork packet bit serially.

22. The invention of claim 21 wherein each of said packet switches in said second portion of said route responsive to the two most significant bits of said intranetwork packet to transmit said intranetwork packet to the next sequential packet switch.

23. The invention of claim 22 wherein each of said packet switches in said second portion of said route further comprises means responsive to said intranetwork packet to rotate said second address so that said most significant bits become the least significant bits of said second address before transmission of the intranetwork packet to the next sequential packet switch.

24. A method of routing packets of digital signals with each of said packets having an address field defining the communication path through a packet switching system and a data field, said packet switching system comprises a plurality of terminals each having route address means interconnected by a packet switching network means being operable for establishing packet connections for packet communications and a processor means connected to said switching network means;

the invention comprising the steps of;

transmitting a call setup packet from a first one of said customer terminals to said switching network means;

communicating said call setup packet to said central processor in response to said address field by said switching address means;

supplying address information in the data field of said call setup packet to effect an operation of said network means by said processor means in response to said call setup packet;

establishing a path of connections for communicating said call setup packet to a second one of said terminals by said processor means;

effecting the storing of said address information following the receipt of said call setup packet at said second one of said terminals in said route address means of said first and said second ones of said terminals; and

inserting said stored address information into subsequent ones of said packets by said first terminal for establishing path connections between said first and second terminals to communicate said subsequent packets therebetween.

25. The invention of claim 24 wherein said second customer terminal further comprising a control means for the assembling and transmission of packets and further comprising the steps of assembling a call-reply one of said packets by inserting said address information in said address and data fields thereof by said control means;

and

transmitting said call-reply packet to said first one of said terminals by said control means.

26. The invention of claim 25 further comprising the step of establishing path connections through said network means in response to said address field of said call-reply packet.

27. The invention of claim 26 wherein said packet switching network comprises a plurality of packet switches and said step of establishing a path further comprises the steps of reading said address field of said call-reply packet by each of said packet switches in said established path;

and

transmitting said call-reply packet to the next sequential packet switch by each of said packet switches in said established path in response to the read address field of said call-reply packet.

28. The invention of claim 27 further comprising the step of storing said address information of said call-reply packet in said route address means of said first one of said terminals.

29. The invention of claim 27 further comprising the step of storing said address information of said call setup packet in said route address means of said second one of said terminals.

30. A method of routing packets of digital signals with each of said packets having an address field defining the route through a packet switching system and a data field, said packet switching system comprises a plurality of customer terminals and a switching office comprising a central processor and a plurality of interconnected packet switches with each of said packet switches responsive to the address fields of one of said received packets to transmit that packet through the packet switch, and said switching office interconnecting said plurality of customer terminals, and comprising the following steps:

transmitting a call setup packet from a first one of said customer terminals to said packet switches;

communicating said call setup packet to said central processor in response to the address field of said call setup packet by said packet switches;

calculating the address information necessary to define a route for transmitting packets between said first customer terminal and a second one of said customer terminals by said processor in response to said call setup packet;

inserting said address information into said data field of said call setup packet by said processor for transmission to said second customer terminal;

storing said address information in said second customer terminal in response to the receipt of said call setup packet; and

transmitting a call-reply packet containing said address information in said address and data fields to said first customer terminal via first plurality of interconnected packet switches.

31. The invention of claim 30 further comprising the step of storing the address information contained in said data field of said call-reply packet in said first customer terminal.

32. The invention of claim 30 wherein said packet switching system comprising a first central processor, a first switching office and a first plurality of interconnected packet switches and further comprising a second switching office connected to said first switching office and said second switching office comprising a second central processor and a second plurality of interconnected packet switches connected to a third one of said customer terminals, and further comprising the steps of transmitting packets to said third customer terminal by:

transmitting a second call setup packet from said first customer terminal to said second central processor via said first and second switching offices;

calculating the address information necessary to route packets between said first and said third customer terminals via said second plurality of interconnected packet switches by said second processor in response to the receipt of said second call setup packet;

inserting said second address information into said data field of said second call setup packet by said second processor for transmission to said third customer terminal; and

storing of said second address information by said third customer terminal in response to the receipt of said second call setup packet.

33. The invention of claim 32 further comprising the step of transmitting a second call-reply packet containing said second address information in said address and data fields to said second switching office by said third customer terminal;

and

routing of said second call-reply packet through said second plurality of packet switches in response to said address field of said second call-reply packet to said first plurality of packet switches.

34. The invention of claim 33 further comprising the step of routing said second call-reply packet through said first plurality of packet switches in response to said second address information in said address field of said call-reply packet to said first customer terminal.

35. The invention of claim 34 further comprising the step of storing said address information contained in said data field of said second call-reply packet in said first customer terminal.

36. The invention of claim 31 further comprising the step of transmitting analog voice signals from a telephone set connected to said first customer terminal to said first customer terminal;

converting said analog voice signals to digitally encoded voice signals by said first customer terminal;

assembling packets of said digitally encoded voice signals in response to said conversion; and

inserting into said assembled packets of digitally encoded voice signals said first address information stored in said first customer terminal for transmission of said assembled packets to said first switching office.

37. The invention of claim 36 further comprising the steps of routing said assembled digitally encoded voice packets through said first plurality of interconnected packet switches to said second customer terminal;

converting the digitally encoded voice signals in said assembled digitally encoded voice packets into analog signals by said second customer terminal in response to the receipt of said assembled digitally encoded voice packets; and

transmitting said converted analog signals to a second telephone set connected to said second customer terminal.

38. The invention of claim 30 wherein said first customer terminal connected to a telephone set and further comprising the step of transmitting a number from said telephone set to said first customer terminal;

and

inserting said number in said call setup packet.

39. The invention of claim 38 wherein the step of calculating further comprises the step of converting said number to said address information.

40. The invention of claim 30 wherein said step of transmitting said first call-reply packet through said first plurality of interconnected packet switches further comprises the steps of assembling an intranetwork packet comprising said address information defining the route through said first plurality of said interconnected packet switches followed by the remainder of said first call-reply packet;

and

transmitting said intranetwork packet to said first plurality of packet switches.

41. The invention of claim 40 wherein said step of transmitting said intranetwork packet further comprises the step of transmitting said intranetwork packet in a bit-serial manner.

42. The invention of claim 41 further comprising the step of decoding the two most significant bits of said intranetwork packet by each of said packet switches in said route through said first plurality of packet switches;

and

transmitting said intranetwork packet to the next sequential packet switch in said route through said first plurality of said interconnected packet switches.

43. The invention of claim 42 wherein the step of decoding said first address information of said intranetwork packet further comprises the step of rotating said two most significant bits of said intranetwork packet in such a manner that said two most significant bits become the two least significant bits of said first address information of said intranetwork packet.