Method and apparatus for recording a digital signal on motion picture film

• US 4,491,399 A
• Filed: 07/07/1983
• Issued: 01/01/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 09/27/1982
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Coherent Communications Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Coherent Communications Incorporated
• Inventors: Bell, Steven A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hix, L. T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Rutledge, Della J.
• Application Number:
  US06/511,522
• Time in Patent Office: 544 Days
• Field of Search: 352/12, 352/84, 352/92, 352/236, 354/105, 354/104, 346/107 A, 346/108, 346/20, 346/23
• US Class Current: 352/92
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 17/24 with means for separately producing marks on the film, e.g. title, time of exposure
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 2217/243 Optical devices
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 2217/247 Bar codes

Abstract

A method and apparatus for recording a digital signal such as a modified SMPTE time code on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced by a motion picture camera. The recorded time code includes a set of timing bits followed immediately by a set of synchronization bits. In one embodiment, the time code is recorded as a continuous signal with the last bit recorded for each frame having an extended length, to ensure that uncertainties in the specific times at which the camera begins and ends its advancement of the film don'"'"'t result in the recording of a bit that is shorter than a nominal bit duration. In a second embodiment, an addition set of synchronization bits is recorded at the beginning of each frame, so that a time code reader assumes it corresponds to the previous frame and properly decodes the following sets of timing bits and synchronization bits as corresponding to the current frame.

Claims

1. Apparatus for recording a continuous digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced a distance of one frame spacing by a motion picture camera, the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends being variable, the apparatus comprising:

transducer means disposed adjacent the film; and

digital signal means for coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the transducer means whenever the motion picture camera intermittently advances the film, to record the bit sequence on the film;

wherein the digital signal means adjusts the durations of the successive bits in each recording sequence such that the last bit recorded on the film during each sequence has a length longer than the nominal lengths of the remaining bits recorded in the sequence, thereby ensuring that the variability in the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends does not result in the recording of a bit that is shorter than a nominal bit duration.

2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the digital signal means couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the transducer means for a prescribed time duration at the beginning of the following recording sequence.

3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the digital signal means couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the transducer means for a prescribed time duration at the end of each recording sequence, such that the resulting recorded bit has a nominal length approximately the same as the lengths of the preceding bits, and for a prescribed time duration at the beginning of the following recording sequence, such that the resulting recorded bit has a nominal length approximately one-half the lengths of the bits following it, whereby the composite bit normally appears to have a length about one and one-half times the nominal bit lengths.

4. Apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the digital signal means further couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the transducer means for a relatively short time duration after the nominal ending of the intermittent film advancement and for a relatively short duration before the nominal beginning of the intermittent film advancement, to ensure that the digital signal is recorded on the film as a continuous signal.

5. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:

the film includes a photosensitive region adjacent one of its edges; and

the transducer means includes a light source and means for modulating the intensity of the light produced by the light source in accordance with the successive digital bit sequences coupled to it by the digital signal means, to expose the bits in the photosensitive region of the film as it is being intermittently advanced by the camera.

6. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:

the successive digital bit sequences coupled to the transducer means by the digital signal means have a diphase format, with the occurrence a level transition in the middle of a bit representing a first logical state and with the lack of occurrence of a level transition in the middle of a bit representing a second logical state; and

the last bit in each recording sequence is always the second logical state.

7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein the successive digital bit sequences recorded on the film comprise an SMPTE time code, with the seventy ninth bit in each eighty bit sequence being the last bit recorded on the film during each intermittent film advancement.

8. Apparatus for recording a continuous diphase digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced a distance of one frame spacing by a motion picture camera, wherein the film includes a photosensitive region adjacent one of its edges, and wherein the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends are variable, the apparatus comprising:

a light source disposed adjacent the phtosensitive region of the film;

modulating means for modulating the light source on and off; and

digital signal means for coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the modulating means for the duration of the intermittent times the motion picture camera advances the film, to expose the successive bit sequences in the photosensitive region of the film as a continuous signal;

wherein the digital signal means couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the modulating means for a prescribed time duration at the end of each recording sequence, such that the resulting recorded bit has a nominal length approximately the same as the lengths of the preceding bits, and for a prescribed time duration at the beginning of the following recording sequence, such that the resulting recorded bit has a nominal length approximately one-half the lengths of the bits following it, whereby the composite bit normally appears to have a length about one and one-half times the nominal bit lengths;

and wherein the digital signal means further couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the transducer means for a relatively short time duration after the nominal ending of the intermittent film advancement and for a relatively short duration before the nominal beginning of the intermittent film advancement, to ensure that the digital signal is recorded on the film as a continuous signal.

9. A method for recording a continuous digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced a distance of one frame spacing by a motion picture camera, the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends being variable, the method comprising steps of:

positioning a transducer means adjacent the film; and

coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the transducer means whenever the motion picture camera intermittently advances the film, to record the bit sequence on the film;

wherein the step of coupling includes a step of adjusting the durations of the successive bits in each recording sequence such that the last bit recorded on the film during each sequence has a length longer than the nominal lengths of the remaining bits recorded in the sequence, thereby ensuring that the variability in the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends does not result in the recording of a bit that is shorter than a nominal bit duration.

10. A method as defined in claim 9, wherein the step of coupling couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the transducer means for a prescribed time duration at the beginning of the following recording sequence.

11. A method as defined in claim 10, wherein the step of coupling couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the transducer means for a prescribed time duration at the end of each recording sequence, such that the resulting recorded bit has a nominal length approximately the same as the lengths of the preceding bits, and for a prescribed time duration of the following recording sequence, such that the resulting recorded bit has a nominal length approximately one-half the lengths of the bits following it, whereby the composite bit normally appears to have a length about one and one-half times the nominal bit lengths.

12. A method as defined in claim 10, wherein the step of coupling further couples the last bit in each recording sequence to the transducer means for a relatively short time duration after the nominal ending of the intermittent film advancement and for a relatively short duration before the nominal beginning of the intermittent film advancement, to ensure that the igital signal is recorded on the film as a continuous signal.

13. A method as defined in claim 9, wherein:

the film includes a photosensitive region adjacent one of its edges; and

the transducer means includes a light source; and

the method further includes a step of modulating the intensity of the light produced by the light source in accordance with the successive digital bit sequences coupled to it in the step of coupling, to expose the bits in the photosensitive region of the film as it is being intermittently advanced by the camera.

14. A method as defined in claim 9, wherein:

the successive digital bit sequences coupled to the transducer means in the step of coupling have a diphase format, with the occurrence a level transition in the middle of a bit representing a first logical state and with the lack of occurrence of a level transition in the middle of a bit representing a second logical state; and

the last bit in each recording sequence is always the second logical state.

15. A method as defined in claim 14, wherein the successive digital bit sequences recorded on the film comprise an SMPTE time code, with the seventy ninth bit in each eighty bit sequence being the last bit recorded on the film during each intermittent film advancement.

16. Apparatus for recording a digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced a distance of one frame spacing by a motion picture camera, the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends being variable, wherein the recorded signal is suitable for decoding by a playback device adapted to detect a continuous digital signal that for each film frame consists entirely of a single set of information bits followed immediately by a single set of synchronization bits, the apparatus comprising:

transducer means disposed adjacent the film; and

digital signal means for coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the transducer means whenever the motion picture camera intermittently advances the film, to record the bit sequence on the film, the bit sequence associated with each frame including a first set of synchronization bits, followed immediately by a set of information bits and in turn by a second set of synchronization bits identical to the first set, such that the playback device properly decodes the information bits for each frame even though there might be superfluous bits at the beginning and ending of the bit sequence for the frame.

17. Apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein:

each of the successive bit sequences coupled by the digital signal means further includes a prescribed number of additional bits at its beginning and ending; and

the successive bit sequences recorded on the film appear to be a continuous digital signal, without any dropouts between the bit sequence associated with successive film frames.

18. Apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein each of the successive bit sequences coupled by the digital signal means is a modified SMPTE time code, the first and second sets of synchronization bits including sixteen bits each and the set of information bits including sixty four bits.

19. Apparatus as defined in claim 18, wherein:

the digital signal recorded on the film is in a diphase Manchester format, in which the beginning and ending of each bit is marked by a transition in level, and in which a one bit has a transition at its midpoint and a zero bit has no such transition at its midpoint;

each of the successive bit sequences coupled by the digital signal means further includes two additional bits at both its beginning and its ending, the two beginning bits being a one followed by a zero and the two ending bits being a zero followed by a one; and

the digital signal means creates a gap between successive bit sequences recorded on the film, the gap having a length greater than three-fourths of a bit length.

20. Apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein:

the motion picture film includes a photosensitive region adjacent one of its edges; and

the transducer means includes a light source and means for modulating the intensity of the light produced by the light source in accordance with the successive bit sequences coupled to it by the digital signal means, to expose the bit sequences in the photosensitive region adjacent the film edge.

21. Apparatus for recording a continuous digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced a distance of one frame spacing by a motion picture camera, the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends being variable, wherein the film includes a photosensftive region adjacent one of its edges and wherein the recorded signal is suitable for decoding by a playback device adapted to detect a continuous digital signal that for each film frame consists entirely of a single set of information bits followed immediately by a single set of synchronization bits, the apparatus comprising:

a light source disposed adjacent the photosensitive region of the film;

modulating means for modulating the light source on and off; and

digital signal means for coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the modulating means whenever the motion picture camera intermittently advances the film, to expose the successive bit sequences in the photosensitive region of the film;

wherein the bit sequence associated with each frame including a first set of synchronization bits, followed immediately by a set of information bits and in turn by a second set of synchronization bits identical to the first set, such that the playback device properly decodes the information bits for each frame;

and wherein each of the successive bit sequences coupled by the digital signal means further includes a prescribed number of additional bits at its beginning and ending, such that the successive bit sequences recorded on the film appear to be a continuous digital signal, without any dropouts between the bit sequences associated with successive film frames.

22. A method for recording a digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced a distance of one frame spacing by a motion picture camera, the precise times at which the intermittent frame advancement begins and ends being variable, wherein the recorded signal is suitable for decoding by a playback device adapted to detect a continuous digital signal that for each film frame consists entirely of a single set of information bits followed immediately by a single set of synchronization bits, the method comprising steps of:

positioning transducer means adjacent the film; and

coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the transducer means whenever the motion picture camera intermittently advances the film, to record the bit sequence on the film, the bit sequence associated with each frame including a first set of synchronization bits, followed immediately by a set of information bits and in turn by a second set of synchronization bits identical to the first set, such that the playback device properly decodes the information bits for each frame even though there might be superfluous bits at the beginning and ending of the bit sequence for the frame.

23. A method as defined in claim 22 wherein:

each of the successive bit sequences coupled in the step of coupling further includes a prescribed plurality of additional bits at its beginning and ending;

the successive bit sequences recorded on the film appear to be a continuous digital signal, without any dropouts between the bit sequences associated with successive film frames.

24. A method as defined in claim 22, wherein each of the successive bit sequences coupled in the step of coupling is a modified SMPTE time code, the first and second sets of synchronization bits including sixteen bits each and the set of information bits including sixty four bits.

25. Method as defined in claim 24, wherein:

the digital signal recorded on the film is in a diphase Manchester format, in which the beginning and ending of each bit is marked by a transition in level, and in which a one bit has a transition at its midpoint and a zero bit has no such transition at its midpoint;

each of the successive bit sequences coupled in the step of coupling further includes two additional bits at both its beginning and its ending, the two beginning bits being a one followed by a zero and the two ending bits being a zero followed by a one; and

the step of coupling creates a gap between successive bit sequences recorded on the film, the gap having a length greater than three-fourths of a bit length.

26. A method as defined in claim 22, wherein:

the motion picture film includes a photosensitive region adjacent one of its edges;

the transducer means includes a light source; and

the method further includes a step of modulating the intensity of the light produced by the light source in accordance with the successive bit sequences coupled to it by the digital signal means, to expose the bit sequences in the photosensitive region adjacent the film edge.

27. Apparatus for recording a continuous digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced by a motion picture camera, with the precise time at which each intermittent film advancement starts being variable between an earliest start time and a latest start time, and with the precise time at which each intermittent film advancement stops being variable between an earliest stop time and a latest stop time, the apparatus comprising:

transducer means disposed adjacent to the film; and

digital signal means for coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the transducer means whenever the motion picture camera intermittently advances the film, to record the bit sequence on the film;

wherein the digital signal means couples the last bit in each recording sequence for at least as long as the latest stop time and couples the first bit in each recording sequence beginning at least as early as the earliest start time, whereby the apparatus records the successive bit sequences as a continuous signal, without any intervening spaces.

28. Apparatus as defined in claim 27, wherein the last bit in each recording sequence coupled by the digital signal means and the first bit in the next succeeding recording sequence coupled by the digital signal means are always the same.

29. Apparatus as defined in claim 27, wherein:

the digital signal means couples the last bit in each recording sequence beginning a sufficient time before the earliest stop time to ensure that the bit has a recorded length at least as long as a first predetermined minimum value; and

the digital signal means couples the first bit in each recording sequence for a sufficient duration following latest the start time to ensure that the bit has a recorded length at least as long as a second predetermined minimum value.

30. Apparatus as defined in claim 29, wherein:

the last bit in each recording sequence coupled by the digital signal means and the first bit in the next succeeding recording sequence coupled by the digital signal means are always the same; and

the sum of the first and second predetermined minimum length values is at least as long as the nominal length of the remaining recorded bits.

31. A method for recording a continuous digital signal on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced by a motion picture camera, with the precise time at which each intermittent film advancement starts being variable between an earliest start time and a latest start time, and with the precise time at which each intermittent film advancement stops being variable between an earliest stop time and a latest stop time, the method comprising steps of:

PG,35

positioning a transducer means adjacent to the film; and

coupling a prescribed sequence of digital bits to the transducer means whenever the motion picture camera intermittently advances the film, to record the bit sequence on the film;

wherein the step of coupling couples the last bit in each recording sequence for at least as long as the latest stop time and coupling the first bit in each recording sequence beginning at least as early as the earliest start time, whereby the method records the successive bit sequences as a continuous signal, without any intervening spaces.

32. A method as defined in claim 31, wherein the last bit in each recording sequence coupled in the step of coupling and the first bit in the next succeeding recording sequence coupled in the step of coupling are always the same.

33. A method as defined in claim 31, wherein:

the step of coupling includes a step of coupling the last bit in each recording sequence beginning a sufficient time before the earliest stop time to ensure that the bit has a recorded length at least as long as a first predetermined minimum value; and

the step of coupling includes a step of coupling the first bit in each recording sequence for a sufficient duration following the latest start time to ensure that the bit has a recorded length at least as long as a second predetermined minimum value.

34. A method as defined in claim 33, wherein:

the last bit in each recording sequence coupled in the step of coupling and the first bit in the next succeeding recording sequence coupled in the step of coupling are always the same; and

the sum of the first and second predetermined minimum length values is at least as long as the nominal length of the remaining recorded bits.