Continuous laminar smoke generator

• US 4,493,211 A
• Filed: 08/30/1983
• Issued: 01/15/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 08/30/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: Weinstein, Leonard M.
• Primary Examiner(s): WOODIEL, DONALD
• Application Number:
  US06/527,918
• Time in Patent Office: 504 Days
• Field of Search: 73/147
• US Class Current: 73/147
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 9/04 Details

Abstract

The invention relates to a smoke generator capable of emitting a very thin, laminar stream of smoke for use in high detail flow visualization. The generator is also capable of emitting a larger but less stable "rope" of smoke. The invention consists of a pressure supply 29, and fluid supply 28, which supply smoke generating fluid 25 to feed tube 22. Feed tube 22 is directly heated by electrical resistance from current supplied by power supply 30 and regulated by constant temperature controller 32. Smoke exit hole 21 is drilled in the wall of feed tube 22. Because feed tube 22 is heated both before and past exit hole 21, no condensation of smoke generating fluid occurs at the smoke exit hole, enabling the production of a very stable smoke filament 16. The generator is small in size, thereby avoiding wind turbulence in front of the test model 11.

Claims

1. A smoke generator to produce smoke for visually indicating airflow comprising:

a fluid supply means;

a fluid capable of producing smoke within said fluid supply means;

a pressure supply means in connection with said fluid supply means for moving said fluid;

a feed tube means having a wall and a closed end, said feed tube means in fluid connection with said fluid supply means;

heating means for directly heating at least a portion of said feed tube; and

a smoke exit hole located in the wall of said directly heated portion of said feed tube such that the circumference of said exit hole does not coincide with the closed end of said feed tube.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said feed tube means is a hollow strand of material with a non-negligible temperature coefficient of resistivity.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pressure supply means is a vessel of pressurized air.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pressure supply means is a vessel of vapor producing fluid acted upon by gravity.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said feed tube means has one end sealed, one end in connection with said fluid supply means, and a smoke exit hole drilled in the wall of said feed tube between said ends to avoid the condensation of said fluid at the circumference of said hole.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said heating means includes an electrical power supply in electrical connection with said feed tube means.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said feed tube means is a hollow strand of stainless steel wire.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said fluid means is oil having the property of readily generating smoke when heated.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said heating means further includes temperature controller means comprised of a feedback amplified power transistor and a Wheatstone bridge in which one leg of said Wheatstone bridge is said feed tube.

10. A method of producing an extremely thin, laminar stream of smoke comprising:

providing a fluid supply vessel containing a fluid capable of producing smoke and having several fluid lines leading thereto and therefrom;

applying pressure to the fluid supply;

connecting a feed tube having a closed end and a non-negligible temperature coefficient of resistivity to the fluid supply;

drilling a smoke exit hole in the wall of the feed tube such that the entire circumference of the exit hole is heated;

starting the flow of fluid to the feed tube;

applying resistence heating to the feed tube and maintaining constant temperature of the feed tube with a constant temperature controller causing the heated feed tube to vaporize the fluid resulting in a thin, laminar stream of smoke issuing from the smoke exit hole.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of applying pressure is accomplished by utilizing the force of gravity.