Data processing system employing broadcast packet switching

• US 4,494,185 A
• Filed: 04/16/1981
• Issued: 01/15/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NCR Corporation
• Original Assignee: NCR Corporation
• Inventors: Gunderson, Robert O., Schuck, David B., Kocol, James C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zache, Raulfe B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Eng, David Y.
• Application Number:
  US06/254,850
• Time in Patent Office: 1,370 Days
• Field of Search: 455/612, 455/607, 455/606, 370/80, 370/82, 370/85, 370/117, 370/60, 370/94, 324/96, 350/96.15, 350/96.16, 350/96.1, 350/96.2, 350/96.23, 358/901, 364/200 MS File, 364/900 MS File
• US Class Current: 709/252
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/2725 Star-type networks without a headend
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40169 Flexible bus arrangements arrangements for maintenance or administration involving management of faults; events, alarms H04L41/06; automatic restoration of network faults H04L41/0654
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/413 with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/44 Star or tree networks

Abstract

A data processing system employing broadcast packet switching and having a plurality of subsystems and a system bus for linking the subsystems. The subsystems are grouped within stations that are each enclosed by a computer cabinet. The system bus includes a star coupler, first and second external transmission lines connecting each station to the star coupler, and first and second internal transmission lines within each station that are coupled to the first and second external transmission lines. The subsystems within each station are each coupled to the first and second internal transmission lines by a system bus interface. The system bus interface monitors the system bus for an idle condition, and passes a message from its subsystem to the system bus only when it detects an idle condition on the system bus. Each message on the system bus includes a postamble that is garbled by any system bus interface that detects an error in any message on the system bus. Each subsystem has a local memory that includes a mailbox for storing header information of messages that are to be copied by that subsystem. DMA circuitry in each system bus interface manages the operation of the mailbox in its subsystem. In alternate embodiments, the star coupler may be a magnetic star coupler or an electrical star coupler, and the system bus may be comprised of two channels, each channel including a star coupler and pairs of transmission lines connecting each station to the star coupler.

Claims

1. In a data processing system having a plurality of subsystems and employing broadcast packet switching for delivering a message from one of said subsystems to another of said subsystems over a system bus, said system bus including a star coupler and pairs of first and second transmission lines, with said pairs of transmission lines linked by said star coupler so that a message from one of said subsystems may be carried along said first transmission line in one of said pairs of transmission lines to said star coupler and passed through said star coupler to said second transmission line in all of said pairs of transmission lines, the improvement wherein:

plural subsystems are each separately connected along at least one of said pairs of transmission lines so that said first transmission line in that one of said pairs carries signals transmitted by any one of its connected subsystems to said star coupler and said second transmission line in that one of said pairs carries signals to be received at all of its connected subsystems, and so that the number of subsystems in said data processing system is greater than the number of pairs of transmission lines linked by said star coupler; and

each of said connected subsystems comprises a processor and a local memory each operatively connected to said one of said pairs of transmission lines, said local memory for storing data to be processed by said processor.

2. The data processing system of claim 1, wherein each said first transmission line comprises a first optical transmission line and each said second transmission line comprises a second optical transmission line, and wherein said star coupler comprises an optical star coupler for receiving optical signals from any said first optical transmission line and passing the optical signals to each said second optical transmission line.

3. The data processing system of claim 2, wherein said optical star coupler is a passive optical star coupler and includes an optical mixing element that receives optical signals from any said first optical transmission line and passes the received optical signals to each said second optical transmission line.

4. The data processing system of claim 2, wherein said optical star coupler is an active optical star coupler, said active optical star coupler including means for amplifying the optical signals received from any said first optical transmission line and providing the amplified optical signals to each said second optical transmission line.

5. The data processing system of claim 4, wherein said means for amplifying the optical signals includes optical detector means for converting the optical signals into electrical signals, electrical amplifying means for amplifying the electrical signals, and optical source means for converting the amplified electrical signals back into optical signals.

6. The data processing system of claim 2, wherein each said first transmission line further comprises a first electrical transmission line, wherein each said second transmission line further comprises a second electrical transmission line, wherein said first electrical transmission line is coupled to said first optical transmission line by an optical source, wherein said second optical transmission line is coupled to said second electrical transmission line by an optical detector, and wherein the plural ones of said subsystems associated with each of said pair of first and second transmission lines are each electrically coupled to said first electrical transmission line and to said second electrical transmission line, so that any electrical signals transmitted from any one of the associated subsystems coupled to said first electrical transmission line are passed along said first electrical transmission line, converted into optical signsls by said optical source, and are passed along said first optical transmission line to said optical star coupler, and so that optical signals received from any said first optical transmission line by said optical star coupler are passed to each of said second optical transmission line, are converted into electrical signals at the optical detector connecting said second optical transmission line to said second electrical transmission line, and are passed to each associated subsystem coupled to said second electrical transmission line.

7. The data processing system of claim 6, wherein said first electrical transmission line and said second electrical transmission line and the associated plural ones of said subsystems coupled thereto are located within a computer cabinet.

8. The data processing system of claim 1, wherein each said first transmission line comprises a first electrical transmission line, wherein each said second transmission line comprises a second electrical transmission line, and wherein said star coupler comprises an electrical star coupler, including circuit means for receiving electrical signals from any one said first electrical transmission line and providing the electrical signals to each said second electrical transmission line.

9. The data processing system of claim 8, wherein said circuit means comprises an electrical receiver associated with each said first electrical transmission line and connected for receiving at its input electrical signals on its associated first electrical transmission line, an electrical driver associated with each said second electrical transmission line and connected at its output for providing electrical signals to its associated second electrical transmission line, and a common electrical line connecting the output of each said electrical receiver to the input of each said electrical driver.

10. The data processing system of claim 1, wherein each said first transmission line comprises a first electrical transmission line, wherein each said second transmission line comprises a second electrical transmission line, and wherein said star coupler comprises a magnetic star coupler, said magnetic star coupler including a magnetic core and an electrical coil associated with each of said first and second electrical transmission lines and situated in magnetic relation to said magnetic core, so that electrical signals received by said magnetic star coupler from any said first electrical transmission line induces magnetic flux across its associated coil and, by way of said magnetic core, across each coil in said magnetic star coupler, and results in electrical signals being generated along each said second electrical transmission line.

11. The data processing system of claim 1, wherein each of said subsystems is connected to said one of said pairs of transmission lines by associated system bus interface means, said system bus interface means including idle detection means for detecting an idle condition of said system bus so that a message may be provided from its associated subsystem to said system bus only when said system bus is in the detected idle condition.

12. In a local data processing network having a plurality of subsystems, a system bus for linking said subsystems, the improvement wherein:

said system bus comprises;

pairs of first and second unidirectional transmission lines, each pair associated with plural ones of said subsystems, each of said first transmission lines for carrying signals transmitted from each of its associated subsystems and each of said second transmission lines for carrying signals to be received by each of its associated subsystems; and

a star coupler connected to each of said pairs of first and second transmission lines so that a signal received at said star coupler along one of said first transmission lines from one of its associated subsystems is directed to all said second transmission lines so that all of said subsystems receive the signal, including the subsystem transmitting the signal; and

each of said plurality of subsystems comprises;

one of a processor subsystem, a memory subsystem and an input/output (I/O) subsystem, operatively connected to its associated pair of transmission lines, each said processor subsystem having a work processor for executing tasks and a local processor memory for storing data for use by said work processor, each said memory subsystem having a memory processor and a local memory for storing data managed by said memory processor, and each said I/O subsystem having an I/O processor and a local I/O memory for storing data for being transferred between said I/O memory and a peripheral device by said I/O processor.

13. In a data processing system:

a plurality of physically separated stations, each station including a cabinet and a plurality of subsystems within the cabinet;

an optical star coupler; and

a pair of first and second optical transmission lines associated with each station, with said first optical transmission line carrying optical signals to said optical star coupler generated by any subsystem in its associated station and said second optical transmission line carrying optical signals from the optical star coupler to all of the subsystems in its associated station;

with said optical star coupler receiving optical signals from said first optical transmission line in any said pair of first and second optical transmission lines and passing the optical signals to said second optical transmission line in each said pair of first and second optical transmission lines; and

with each of said subsystems in each station including a processor and a local memory operatively connected to said pair of first and second optical transmission lines associated with that station, said local memory for storing data to be processed by said processor.

14. The data processing system of claim 13, further comprising:

a first electrical transmission line within the cabinet at each station;

a second electrical transmission line within the cabinet at each station; and

optical interface means at each station for converting electrical signals on said first electrical transmission line at that station into optical signals for said first optical transmission line associated with that station and for converting optical signals on said second optical transmission line associated with that station into electrical signals for said second electrical transmission line at that station.

15. The data processing system of claim 14, wherein said plurality of subsystems within the cabinet at each station comprises memory modules providing memory capability to said data processing system and processor modules providing processor capability to said data processing system, with each of said memory and processor modules sending a message to another of said subsystems by generating electrical signals over said first electrical transmission line at its station.

16. In a data processing system, the improvement comprising:

a group of subsystems located at a station, said subsystems each coupled within the station to a first internal transmission line for carrying signals transmitted by any one of said group of subsystems and to a second internal transmission line for carrying signals to be received by all of said group of subsystems, each of said subsystems comprising a processor and a local memory each operatively connected to said first and second internal transmission lines, said local memory for storing data to be processed by said processor, the station enclosed by a computer cabinet and adapted to be linked to other stations by a pair of first and second external transmission lines, with the first external transmission line coupled to said first internal transmission line for carrying the signals on the first internal transmission line to a star coupler and with the second external transmission line coupled to said second internal transmission line for carrying signals from the star coupler to be received by all of said group of subsystems; and

means for connecting said first internal transmission line to said second internal transmission line within said station so that when the station is not linked to other stations, all the signals generated by any one of said group of subsystems on said first internal transmission line are provided directly to said second internal transmission line to be received by all of said group of subsystems, including the subsystem transmitting the signals.

17. A data processing system, comprising:

a plurality of stations, each station including a group of subsystems located within a cabinet;

a system bus, said system bus including;

a pair of oppositely directed, unidirectional internal signal paths at each station coupled to each of the group of subsystems at that station, said pair of internal signal paths including an outbound path for receiving any signal transmitted from one of the group of subsystems at that station and an inbound path for providing the transmitted signal to each of the group of subsystems at that station;

with the group of subsystems at each station including a processor and a local memory each connected to said pair of internal signal paths at that station, said local memory for storing data to be processed by said processor;

a star coupler; and

a pair of oppositely directed, unidirectional external signals paths associated with each station, said pair of external signal paths connecting its associated station to said star coupler and including an outbound path for receiving any signal from the outbound path of said pair of internal signal path at its associated station and an inbound path for receiving a signal from said star coupler and providing the signal to the inbound path of said pair of internal signal paths at its associated station;

said star coupler for receiving a signal from the outbound path of any said pair of external signal paths and providing the signal to the inbound path of each said pair of external signal paths so that a signal transmitted by any subsystem on its internal outbound path is provided to the inbound path of each external signal path; and

a system bus interface coupling each subsystem to the outbound path and inbound path of said pair of internal signal paths at each station, said system bus interface comprising;

means for sensing an idle condition of said system bus at the inbound path of said pair of internal signal paths at its station;

means for selectively providing a signal in the form of an information packet to the outbound path of said pair of internal signal paths at its station, the information packet provided only when said system bus interface senses the idle condition;

means for receiving a signal in the form of an information packet from the inbound path of said pair of internal signal paths at its station;

means for monitoring the information packets received from the inbound path of said pair of internal signals paths at its station, to sense more than one information packet on said system bus; and

means for disabling said providing means when said monitoring means senses two information packets on said system bus.

18. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein each said pair of external signal paths connects each station to said star coupler and comprises a pair of optical transmission lines.

19. The data processing system of claim 18, wherein said pair of internal signal paths within each station comprises a pair of electrical transmission lines, with the outbound path of said pair of internal signal paths coupled to the outbound path of said external signal paths by an optical source and the inbound path of said internal signal paths coupled to the inbound path of said external signal paths by an optical detector, and wherein said star coupler is an optical star coupler.

20. The data processing system of claim 19, wherein the information packets on said system bus include:

header-only packets; and

header and data packets; and

wherein each of said header-only packets and said header and data packets include a postamble portion; and

wherein each said system bus interface further comprises;

means for detecting errors in the information packets received from the inbound path of said pair of internal signal paths at its station; and

means for garbling the postamble portion of the information packets if said system bus interface detects an error in the information packets.