Device for the dynamic adjustment of a black/white discrimination threshold for the processing of images containing grey values

• US 4,501,016 A
• Filed: 11/22/1982
• Issued: 02/19/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 11/20/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: US Philips Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: US Philips Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Persoon, Eric H. J., Abeysekera, Ratnayake M. S. S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US06/443,768
• Time in Patent Office: 820 Days
• Field of Search: 382/22, 382/52, 382/53, 358/282, 364/513, 356/376
• US Class Current: 382/272
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/28 Quantising the image, e.g. histogram thresholding for discrimination between background and foreground patterns
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/36 Applying a local operator, i.e. means to operate on image points situated in the vicinity of a given point; Non-linear local filtering operations, e.g. median filtering

Abstract

A device for binarizing an image consisting of grey values by means of a dynamically adjusted black/white discrimination threshold comprises:

a. a generator (74) for determining a discrimination threshold each time for a first local sub-set of pixels;

b. an edge detector (90) for determining a local edge between darker and lighter pixels from a second local sub-set of pixels, associated with a first local sub-set of pixels, in order to form an accept signal, and otherwise a reject signal; and

c. a discriminator (64) for presenting, on the basis of a grey value and the relevant discrimination threshold, alternatively a black or a white signal.

Claims

1. A device for the dynamic adjustment of a black/white discrimination threshold for the processing of images which are composed of a matrix of pixels which each contain a grey value and which are arranged in rows and columns of the matrix, said device comprising:

a. a first input (60) for receiving the grey values;

b. a threshold generator (68) which comprises;

b1. first means (72,

     74) for receiving the grey values of a first sequence of first local sub-sets of pixels and for determining for each first local sub-set a local black/white threshold for presentation on a first output;

c. a discriminator (64) for presenting alternatively a black or a white signal on a second output (66) by comparison of the grey value of a pixel with the local black/white threshold applicable to the relevant pixel, characterized in that the threshold generator comprises;

b2. an edge detector which comprises a second input which is connected to said first input in order to receive the grey values of a second sequence of second local sub-sets of pixels for the detection of a local edge between darker pixels and lighter pixels, thus forming an accept signal on a third output (82), but forming a reject signal on the third output in the absence of such a local edge;

there are also being provided;

d. time control means (62) for presenting a black/white signl of a pixel, on the basis of a first local sub-set of pixels to the second output together with the accept/reject signal on the third output which has been generated on the basis of a second local sub-set of pixels associated with said first local sub-set of pixels.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the locally determined threshold value is formed as a mean value of the maximum and minimum grey values within the first local sub-set.

3. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the edge detector determines an edge under the control of a difference between a minimum grey value in a first sub-set and a maximum grey value in a second sub-set within said second local sub-set.

4. A device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a first local sub-set of pixels each time coincides with a second local sub-set of pixels.

5. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that after the first input and before further processing means there is arranged a resolution enhancer (86) for forming, for each pixel received, a larger number of m×

n secondary pixels of an m×

n submatrix which is situated in the area of the pixel received, the secondary grey values of the secondary pixels being formed by means of m×

n interpolation operations on the grey value of the pixel received and on the grey values of a third local sub-set of pixels which directly adjoin the pixel received.

6. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that to the input of the threshold detector there is connected a low-pass filter (70) for receiving the grey values of a sequence of third local sub-sets of pixels and for performing an averaging operation thereon.

7. A device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said first means and the edge detector are constructed as a tree structure consisting of two-input arithmetic elements, each time two outputs of arithmetic elements of higher level in the tree structure being connected to the relevant inputs of a single arithmetic element of a lower level in the tree structure.

8. A device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the tree structure determines the highest as well as the lowest grey value of the relevant local sub-set.

9. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the threshold generator also comprises:

a memory (22) which comprises a third input which is connected to the first output and to a fourth output in order to buffer a local black/white threshold, and a difference-determining device (46) which comprises a fourth and a fifth input for comparing the local black/white thresholds on the first and the fourth output and, when a predetermined difference between said local black/white thresholds is exceeded, for supplying the memory with a storage control signal in order to store a new local black/white threshold for presentation to said discriminator.

10. A device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that when said difference is not zero but does not exceed a second predetermined difference, the difference-determining device supplies an increment/decrement signal in order to increment/decrement the stored local black/white threshold in the same direction as the variation of the grey values.