Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical stimulation

• US 4,503,863 A
• Filed: 09/15/1981
• Issued: 03/12/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Jefferson J. Katims
• Original Assignee: Jefferson J. Katims
• Inventors: Katims, Jefferson J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Application Number:
  US06/302,340
• Time in Patent Office: 1,274 Days
• Field of Search: 128/1 C, 128/731-734, 128/741, 128/419 R, 128/420 R, 128/421, 128/422, 128/423 R, 128/905, 128/791-793
• US Class Current: 600/554
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/377 using evoked responses
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/383 Somatosensory stimuli, e.g. electric stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36021 for treatment of pain
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36025 for treating a mental or cerebral condition
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/905 Feedback to patient of biological signal other than brain electric signal

Abstract

A method and apparatus for monitoring and obtaining actual bio-electrical characteristics of a subject under predetermined conditions of evoked response stimuli, and by interaction with a computer, applying cutaneous electrical stimulation to the subject, using a signal generator to modify current amplitude and frequency in a direction to achieve bio-electrical characteristics in the subject related to the actual bio-electrical characteristics monitored. The signal generator uses a sinusoidal waveform output, with battery power passed through a transformer to power a transconductance amplifier to obtain constant current output despite resistance changes in the line with the subject, and with the transformer not placed in the signal path of the sinusoidal waveform. The signal may be obtained from a sinusoidal oscillator of wide frequency having switched integrator sections connected to an inverting amplifier, pulse generator and gating.

Claims

1. A method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of a patient comprising the steps of

applying a source of electrical stimulation to the patient,

applying alternating constant current electrical stimulation from said source,

controlling the current and frequency of the stimulation within current parameters and through a range of frequency parameters including low frequencies which initiate non-adversive sensations.

2. The method diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 1, further characterized by

said alternating constant current electrical stimulation being in the form of a continuous sine wave.

3. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 1 or 2, further characterized by

providing a unique individual profile or medical record of the frequency versus threshhold current intensity at which the patient feels the subjective sensation of electrical tingling where the electrical stimulation is applied to the patient.

4. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 1 or 2, further charcterized by

providing a unique individual profile or medical record of the frequency versus threshhold current intensity at which a monitoring means monitors the response evoked by the electrical stimulation applied to the patient.

5. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 1 or 2, further characterized by

providing a unique individual profile or medical record of the frequency versus current intensity at which the patient has a physiological state induced.

6. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 1, further characterized by

said source of electrical stimulation being applied at the head area of the patient.

7. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 6, further characterized by the steps of

controlling the frequency to a range within which the visual field of the patient appears to be pulsating or oscillating,

controlling the frequency to a range within which the patient perceives a flickering pale white light,

conrolling the frequency to a range within which the patient experiences a reasonance or vibratory sensation emanating from his head.

8. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 7, further characterized by

controlling the frequency to a range between 5 to 19 hertz within which range there appears to the patient to be the distinct sensation of a pulsating or oscillating visual field.

9. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 7, further characterized by

controlling the frequency to a range between 12 to 80 hertz within which the patient perceives a distinct sensation of a flickering pale white light.

10. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatmen of claim 7, further characterized by

controlling the frequency to a range between 60 to 573 hertz within which the patient experiences a distinct resonating or vibratory sensation emanating from his head.

11. The method of diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, further characterized by

providing a unique individual profile or medical record, varying with the patient'"'"'s state of health, of a patient'"'"'s electrophysiological state or sensations which are evoked in response to various parameters of electrical stimulation.

12. Bio-electric stimulation apparatus for diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of a patient comprising

a source of alternating constant current electrical stimulation

means to apply said source of electrical stimulation to the patient,

means to control and vary the current and frequency of the stimulation within current parameters and through a range of frequency parameters determined by subjective sensations experienced by the patient,

said source of alternating constant current electrical stimulation being capable of variation of frequency at least between 5 to 573 hertz.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, further characterized by

means for connection to the patient to obtain the bio-electrical characteristics of the patient at the current and frequency parameter which initiate the non-adversive sensation which is characterized as tingling.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, further characterized by

means for connected to the patient to obtain the bio-electrical characteristics at discrete frequency ranges within which the visual field of the patient appears to be pulsating or oscillating, within which the patient perceives a flickering pale white light, and within which the patient experiences a resonating or vibrating sensation emanating from his head.

15. The apparatus of claim 12, further characterized by

said control means including a single control to vary the frequency of said source over its range of frequency at least between 5 to 573 hertz.

16. The apparatus of claim 12, further characterized by

said source of alternating constant current electrical stimulation including

a sinusoidal oscillator of wide frequency range covering at least between 5 and 573 hertz.

17. Bio-electric stimulation apparatus for diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of a patient comprising

a source of alternating current electrical stimulation,

means to apply said source of electrical stimulation to the patient,

means to control the current and frequency of the stimulation within current parameters and through a range of frequency parameter including low frequencies determined by subjective sensations experienced by the patient,

means for connection to the patient to obtain the bio-electrical characteristics of the patient at the current and frequency parameters which initiate the non-adversive sensations.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, further characterized by

means to monitor the actual bio-electrical characteristics of the patient connected to said means to obtain such characteristics under predetermined conditions

and means to modify current and frequency connected to said control means and said monitor means to achieve bio-electrical characteristics in the patient related to the actual bio-electrical charcteristics monitored.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, further characterized by

the bio-electrical characteristics being the psycho-electro-physiological state of the patient.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, further characterized by

said modifying means including a computer means connected to said monitoring means and said source of electrical stimulation to receive information from said monitoring means as to the actual bio-electrical characteristics of the patient and to control said source of stimulation applied to the patient in accordance with the receipt of the information from said monitoring means.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, further characterized by

means to apply evoked response stimuli by psycho-physical interaction to the patient

said means to apply stimuli being connected to and responding to interaction with said computer means.

22. The apparatus of claim 17, further characterized by

said means to apply said source of electrical stimulation including

a pair of electrodes adapted for placement closely anterior of the earlobes of the patient.

23. The apparatus of claim 17, further characterized by

said source of electrical stimulation including

signal generator means having constant current means to maintain a constant current output to the patient at any setting of current amplitude and changes in circuit resistance in connection with the patient.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, further characterized by

said constant current means including a transconductance amplifier having an output to the patient.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, further characterized by

said means to apply said source of electrical stimulation including

a pair of electrodes adapted for placement on the patient,

said signal generator means including

a waveforming means,

amplifier means connected in a signal path from said waveforming means to said constant current means,

said amplifier means also being connected to one of said pair of electrodes and said constant current means being connected to the other of said pair of electrodes.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, further characterized by

said signal generator means including

a sensing resistor means to monitor the output to the patient connected to ground from a connection from said amplifier means and said electrode connected thereto.

27. The apparatus of claim 17, further characterized by

said means for connection to the patient to obtain the bio-electrical characteristics of the patient having a range of operation to include ranges within which the visual field of the patient appears to be pulsating or oscillating, within which the patient perceives a flickering pale white light, and within which the patient experiences a resonating or vibrating sensation emanating from his head.