Switching dc-to-dc converters
First Claim
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1. A switching dc-to-dc converter for supplying a substantially continuous flow of output current, comprising:
- first and second terminals for receiving therebetween the primary dc energy to be converted;
flyback transformer having a first winding and a second winding to which said first winding is continuously transformer coupled and providing the energy storage inductance needed for sustaining said substantially continuous flow of output current, said first and second windings having respective first and second ends with currents of opposite polarities tending to flow from their first ends responsive to waxing or waning of the strength of the electromagnetic field surrounding them, the first ends of said first and second windings being connected to said first terminal, said first winding having between its first end and a point along said first winding not necessarily its second end the same number of turns as said second winding has between its first and second ends;
first switch means, which connects during each time interval in a first series of time intervals, the second end of said first winding to said second terminal, for completing a path for input current flow through said winding to cause the waxing of the strength of an electromagnetic field for storing energy to be released by the waning of the strength of said electromagnetic field during a second series of time intervals interleaved with said first series of time intervals, during which second series of time intervals said path is not completed by said first switch means;
means for recovering flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals from said point along the first winding of said flyback transformer means;
means for providing, as said substantially continuous flow of output current during both said first and second series of time intervals, a combination of currents essentially consisting of the transformed input current flow induced in said second winding during said first series of time intervals and flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals;
a third terminal for passing said output current;
a capacitor connecting between said first and third terminals; and
within said means for providing a combination of currents,a dc-conductive impedance element having a first end connected to said third terminal and having a second end,second switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said second series the second end of said d-c conductive impedance element and said point along said first winding, andthird switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said first series the second ends of said dc-conductive element and said second winding.
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Abstract
In a switching dc-to-dc converter an output current substantially free of pulsations is provided by summing a flyback current and transformed current response to the current used to build up the electromagnetic field that stores the energy for flyback.
30 Citations
12 Claims
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1. A switching dc-to-dc converter for supplying a substantially continuous flow of output current, comprising:
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first and second terminals for receiving therebetween the primary dc energy to be converted; flyback transformer having a first winding and a second winding to which said first winding is continuously transformer coupled and providing the energy storage inductance needed for sustaining said substantially continuous flow of output current, said first and second windings having respective first and second ends with currents of opposite polarities tending to flow from their first ends responsive to waxing or waning of the strength of the electromagnetic field surrounding them, the first ends of said first and second windings being connected to said first terminal, said first winding having between its first end and a point along said first winding not necessarily its second end the same number of turns as said second winding has between its first and second ends; first switch means, which connects during each time interval in a first series of time intervals, the second end of said first winding to said second terminal, for completing a path for input current flow through said winding to cause the waxing of the strength of an electromagnetic field for storing energy to be released by the waning of the strength of said electromagnetic field during a second series of time intervals interleaved with said first series of time intervals, during which second series of time intervals said path is not completed by said first switch means; means for recovering flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals from said point along the first winding of said flyback transformer means; means for providing, as said substantially continuous flow of output current during both said first and second series of time intervals, a combination of currents essentially consisting of the transformed input current flow induced in said second winding during said first series of time intervals and flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals; a third terminal for passing said output current; a capacitor connecting between said first and third terminals; and
within said means for providing a combination of currents,a dc-conductive impedance element having a first end connected to said third terminal and having a second end, second switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said second series the second end of said d-c conductive impedance element and said point along said first winding, and third switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said first series the second ends of said dc-conductive element and said second winding. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
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4. A switching dc-to-dc converter for supplying a substantially continuous flow of output current, comprising:
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first and second terminals for receiving therebetween the primary dc energy to be converted; flyback transformer means, having a first winding and a second winding to which said first winding is continuously transformer coupled, and providing the energy storage inductance needed for sustaining said substantially continuous flow of output current, said first and second windings having respective first and second ends with currents of opposite polarities tending to flow from their first ends responsive to waxing or waning of the strength of the electromagnetic field surrounding them, the first end of said first winding being connected to said first terminal, said first winding having between its first end and a point along said first winding not necessarily its second end the same number of turns as said second winding has between its first and second ends; first switch means, which connects during each time interval in a first series of time intervals the second end of said first winding to said second terminal, for completing a path for input current flow through said first winding to cause the waxing of the strength of an electromagnetic field for storing energy to be released by the waning of said electromagnetic field during a second series of time intervals interleaved with said first series of time intervals, during which second series of time intervals said path is not completed by said first switch means; means for recovering flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals from said point along the first winding of said flyback transformer means; means for providing, as said substantially continuous flow of output current during both said first and second series of time intervals, a combination of currents essentially consisting of the transformed input current flow induced in said second winding during said first series of time intervals and flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals; a third terminal for passing said output current; a capacitor connecting between said first and third terminals; and
within said means for providing a combination of currents,a dc-conductive impedance element having a first end connected to said third terminal and having a second end to which the second end of said second winding connects, second switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said second series the second end of said dc-conductive impedance element and said point along said first winding; and third switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said first series the first end of said second winding to said first terminal. - View Dependent Claims (5, 6)
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7. A switching dc-to-dc converter for supplying a substantially continuous flow of output current, comprising:
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first and second terminals for receiving therebetween the primary dc energy to be converted; flyback transformer means having a first winding and a second winding to which said first winding is continuously transformer coupled, and providing the energy storage impedance needed for sustaining said sustantially continuous flow of output current, said first and second windings having respective first and second ends with currents of opposite polarities tending to flow from their first ends responsive to waxing or waning of the strength of the electromagnetic field surrounding them, the first ends of said first and second windings being connected to said second terminal, said first winding having between its first end and a point along said first winding not necessarily its second end the same number of turns as said second winding has between its first and second ends; first switch means, which connects during each time interval in a first series of time intervals the second end of said first winding to said second terminal, for completing a path for input current flow through said first winding to cause the waxing of the strength of an electromagnetic field for storing energy to be released by the waning of said electromagnetic field during a second series of time intervals interleaved with said first series of time intervals, during which second series of time intervals said path is not completed by said first switch means; means for recovering flyback current flow during second series of time intervals from said point along the first winding of said flyback transformer means; means for providing, as said substantially continuous flow of output current during both said first and second series of time intervals, a combination of currents essentially consisting of the transformed input current flow induced in said second winding during said first series of time intervals and flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals; a third terminal for passing said output current; a capacitor connecting between said first and third terminals; and
within said means for providing a combination of currents,a dc-conductive impedance element having a first end connected to said third terminal and having a second end, second switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said second series the second end of said dc-conductive inpedance element and said point along said first winding; and third switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said first series the second ends of said d-c conductive element and said second winding. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9)
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10. A switching dc-to-dc converter for supplying a substantially continuous flow of output current, comprising:
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first and second terminals for receiving therebetween the primary dc energy to be converted; flyback transformer means, having a first winding and a second winding to which said first winding is continuously transformer coupled, and providing the energy storage inductance needed for sustaining said substantially continuous flow of output current, said first and second windings having respective first and second ends with currents of opposite polarities tending to flow from their first ends responsive to waxing or waning of the strength of the electromagnetic field surrounding them, the first end of said first winding being connected to said second terminal, said first winding having between its first end and a point along said first winding not necessarily its second end the same number of turns as said second winding has between its first and second ends; first switch means, which connects during each time interval in a first series of time intervals the second end of said first winding to said second terminal, for completing a path for input current flow through said first winding to cause the waxing of the strength of an electromagnetic field for storing energy to be released by the waning of said electromagnetic field during a second series of time intervals interleaved with said first series of time intervals, during which second series of time intervals said path is not completed by said first switch means; means for recovering flyback current flow during said second series of time intervals from said point along the first winding of said flyback transformer means; a third terminal for passing said output currents a capacitor connecting between said first and third terminals; and
within said means for providing a combination of currents,a dc-conductive impedance element having a first end connected to said third terminal and having a second end to which the second end of said second winding connects, second switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said second series the second end of said dc-conductive inpedance element and said point along said first winding and; third switch means selectively connecting during each of the time intervals in said first series the first end of said second winding to said second terminal. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12)
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Specification