Fuel control system for gaseous fueled engines

• US 4,505,249 A
• Filed: 04/30/1984
• Issued: 03/19/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1984
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Colin G. Young
• Original Assignee: EMCO Wheaton International Limited
• Inventors: Young, Colin G.
• Primary Examiner(s): CROSS, ETHEL R
• Application Number:
  US06/605,274
• Time in Patent Office: 323 Days
• Field of Search: 123/27 GE, 123/527, 123/525, 123/577, 123/489, 48/189.1, 48/180.1
• US Class Current: 123/527
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 1/04 with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 3/06 with compression ignition compression ignition engines using air or gas for blowing fuel into compressed air in cylinder F02B13/02
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 43/00 Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines engines characterised by the gas-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel F02B7/06; engines convertible from gas to other fuel consumption F02B69/04
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/022 to adjust the fuel pressure, temperature or composition
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/023 to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0615 being initiated by automatic means, e.g. based on engine or vehicle operating conditions
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0628 Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/066 Retrofit of secondary fuel supply systems; Conversion of engines to operate on multiple fuels
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0678 Pressure or flow regulators therefor; Fuel metering valves therefor
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0684 High pressure fuel injection systems; Details on pumps, rails or the arrangement of valves in the fuel supply and return systems
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/10 peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 21/0239 Pressure or flow regulators therefor
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/30 Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Abstract

A fuel control system for use in supplying gaseous fuel from a high pressure source to an internal combustion engine which has an air/fuel intake through which air and gaseous fuel is supplied to the engine and an air/fuel intake manifold in which variations in the vacuum are indicative of engine loading conditions. The system comprises; a pressure regulator, a flow control valve, a control for measuring the speed of the engine, a modulator for modulating the fuel supply and a pressure control device communicating with said pressure regulator to increase or decrease the pressure in the gaseous fuel output in response to the receipt of a signal from the modulator. The pressure regulator receives pressurized gaseous fuel from the source and serves to maintain a constant pressure in the discharging fuel for a given engine speed regardless of flow rate and to increase or decrease the pressure in the discharging gaseous fuel in response to an increase or decrease in engine speed. The flow control valve is operable to control the flow of gaseous fuel in response to engine loading conditions regardless of engine speed. The modulator communicates with the output from the pressure regulator to measure the pressure of the fuel supply to the flow control valve. The modulator also communicates with the control means and cooperates therewith to generate a signal which is indicative of an undesirably low pressure or a signal which is indicative of an undesirably high pressure and one or other of these signals is communicated to the control. The pressure control communicates with said pressure regulator to increase or decrease the pressure in the gaseous fuel output in response to the receipt of one or other of said signals.

Claims

1. A fuel control system for use in supplying gaseous fuel from a high pressure source of gaseous fuel to an internal combustion engine which has an air/fuel intake through which air and gaseous fuel is supplied to the engine and means indicative of engine loading conditions comprising:

(a) a pressure regulator having an input for receiving pressurized gaseous fuel from said source and an output for discharging gaseous fuel, said pressure regulator being adapted to maintain a constant pressure in the discharging fuel for a given engine speed regardless of flow rate and to increase or decrease the pressure in the discharging gaseous fuel in response to an increase or decrease in engine speed,

(b) a flow control valve having an input communicating with the output of said pressure regulator and an output communicating with said air/fuel intake of said engine, said flow control valve having a valve actuator member which communicates with said means which is indicative of engine loading conditions so as to be operable to control the flow of gaseous fuel from its output in response to engine loading conditions regardless of engine speed,

(c) control means communicating with said engine for measuring the speed of the engine and generating a first signal which is indicative of the engine speed,

(d) modulator means communicating with the output from the pressure regulator to measure the pressure of the fuel supply to the flow control valve, said modulator also communicating with the control means to receive said first signal, said modulator means being adapted to compare the measured pressure with the measured speed and to generate a third signal which is indicate of an undesirably low pressure or a fourth signal which is indicative of an undesirably high pressure, said third or fourth signals being communicated to said control means,

(e) pressure control means communicating with said pressure regulator to increase or decrease the pressure in the gaseous fuel output in response to the receipt of said third or fourth signals respectively.

2. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 1 said pressure control means comprises pressure control means communicating with said pressure regulator and having an actuator which is movable between a first position in which it acts upon the regulator to increase the pressure in the gaseous fuel output of the regulator and a second position in which it acts upon the regulator to decrease the pressure in the gaseous fuel output of the regulator, said pressure control means communicating with said control means to receive said third or fourth signals to move said actuator to said first position in response to receipt of said third signal and to said second position in response to receipt of said fourth signal, whereby the fuel supply pressure, engine loading and engine speed are constantly monitored and the fuel supply pressure and fuel flow rate are regulated to adjust the fuel supply toward the optimum fuel supply for the monitored engine operating conditions.

3. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said pressure regulator comprises:

(i) a first stage pressure chamber communicating with said input to receive pressurized gaseous fuel from said source,

(ii) a diaphragm actuated valve in said output for controlling the flow of gaseous fuel from said first stage through said output, said diaphragm actuated valve having a first diaphragm chamber,

and wherein said pressure control means comprises;

(i) a first conduit connecting said first stage pressure chamber to said first diaphragm chamber,

(ii) pressure control valve means in said first conduit, said pressure control valve having a vent passage through which said first diaphram chamber may be vented,

(iii) an actuator in said pressure control valve which is movable between a first position opening said first conduit and closing said vent passage and a second position closing said first conduit and opening said vent passage to permit or prevent the passage of pressurized gaseous fuel from said first stage to said first diaphragm chamber, said actuator communicating with said control means to receive said third or fourth signals to move said actuator to said first position and said second position in response to receipt of said third and fourth signals respectively.

4. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said modulator means comprises:

(a) a modulator housing supporting a second diaphragm therein which defines a movable wall of a second diaphragm chamber,

(b) conduit means forming the communication between said output of said pressure regulator and said second diaphragm chamber,

(c) an opaque blade mounted on said second diaphragm for reciprocating movement in response to movement of said second diaphragm, said opaque blade moving to an fro along a path which extends in a first plane, said opaque blade having a contoured edge extending transversely of said path,

(d) a plurality of sets of speed indicators mounted on said modulator housing, each speed indicator consisting of an LED and a light receiver arranged opposite one another on opposite sides of said plane, each LED being activated by said control means to emit light when the engine speed corresponds to the engine speed assigned to it, said light receivers communicating with said control means to transmit a light received signal or a no light received signal to said control means whereby the pressure at the output of the pressure regulator is applied to the second diaphragm chamber and displaces the second diaphragm which in turn displaces the opaque blade such that location of the contoured edge of the opaque blade is determined by the pressure of the output from the regulator and the opaque blade interrupts or permits the passage of light from the activated LED to its associated receiver to cause the receiver to emit a light signal or a no light signal if the engine speed is less than or greater than the optimum speed at the measured output pressure from the regulator, the light or no light signals being transmitted to the control means which generates said third signal when it receives a light received signal and said fourth signal when it receives a no light received signal.

5. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said flow control valve comprises a housing having a diaphragm mounted therein which divides the housing into first and second chambers, said first chamber being divided into first and second compartments which have a valve passage communicating therebetween, said valve actuator being mounted on said diaphragm for movement between a first position opening and a second position closing said valve passage, the flow control valve input communicating with said first compartment and the flow control valve output communicating with said second compartment.

6. A flow control valve as claimed claim 5 wherein said valve passage is formed with a valve seat and said valve actuator includes a profiled metering valve head mounted for movement toward and away from said valve seat to progressively increase or decrease the proportions of the valve passage response to movement of the profiled metering valve with respect to the valve seat.

7. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising oxygen sensor means for determining the oxygen content of the exhaust gases from the engine and leaning means for reducing the flow of fuel to the engine to lean the air/fuel mixture when an undesirably low oxygen content is detected in the exhaust gases.

8. A flow control system as claimed in claim 5 wherein said second chamber of said flow control valve has an air bleed passage opening to atmospheric pressure and a bleed control valve in said air bleed passage for opening and closing said air bleed passage, and oxygen sensor means for determining the oxygen content of the exhaust gases of the engine, said oxygen sensor means communicating with said bleed control valve to locate the bleed control valve in its open position to permit venting of the second chamber when the oxygen content is satisfactory and to close the bleed valve to decrease the pressure in said second chamber to move the actuator to restrict the valve passage and thereby reduce the flow of fuel to lean the air/fuel mixture.

9. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said pressure control valve is in the form of an electrically operated solenoid valve which has an electrical power supply line and switch means in said electrical power supply line moveable between an open position interrupting and a closed position permitting supply of electrical power to the solenoid valve, and oxygen sensor means for determining the oxygen content of the exhaust gases of the engine, said oxygen sensor means communicating with said switch to locate it in said closed position permitting operation of said pressure control valve when the oxygen content is satisfactory to locate the switch in its open position to cause the pressure control valve to close said first conduit to minimize the pressure in said first diaphragm chamber thereby to move said diaphragm actuated valve toward a closed position to reduce the flow of fuel from the first stage thereby to lean the air/fuel mixture.

10. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means which indicate the engine load conditions and with which the flow control valve communicates is the intake manifold thereby to control the flow of gaseous fuel from the output of the flow control valve in response to manifold pressure regardless of engine speed.

11. A fuel control system as claimed in claim 4 wherein said modulator means further comprises governor means engagable by said opaque blade and operable to interupt the engine ignition system when the blade rises to a height indicative of an undesirably high engine speed.