Electrochemical cell and method

• US 4,528,248 A
• Filed: 07/30/1984
• Issued: 07/09/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/1984
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co Inc (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co Inc (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Galbraith, Andrew D.
• Primary Examiner(s): LeFevour, Charles F.
• Application Number:
  US06/635,660
• Time in Patent Office: 344 Days
• Field of Search: 429/70, 429/72, 429/81, 429/8, 429/206, 429/50, 429/51
• US Class Current: 429/8
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4214 Arrangements for moving electrodes or electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4242 Regeneration of electrolyte or reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/02 Details of electrodes H01M4/00; of non-active parts H01M50/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/04 composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/04 Cells with aqueous electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/045 characterised by aqueous electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

An electrochemical cell and method whereby a reactive metal anode is contacted with an aqueous electrolyte containing the hydroxide of the anodic metal, and the electrolyte is circulated to a scrubber for contact with carbon dioxide. In the scrubber, the precipitable carbonate of the anodic metal is formed, thereby reducing the metal hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte. The metal carbonate is separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is recirculated to the cell.

Claims

1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:

a reactive alkali metal anode;

a cathode spaced from said anode to define an electrochemical reaction zone;

an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of the hydroxide of said reactive metal;

means contacting said electrolyte with carbon dioxide to form a carbonate reaction product of said metal hydroxide and said carbon dioxide;

means for separating said reaction product from said electrolyte; and

,

means for recirculating said electrolyte from said contacting means to said reaction zone.

2. The cell of claim 1 wherein said contacting means is a scrubber comprising spaced parallel plates defining flow channels therebetween.

3. The cell of claim 2 wherein said vertical plates are aligned in a direction that is generally parallel to a direction of motion of said cell.

4. The cell of claim 2 wherein said separating means comprises a filter.

5. The cell of claim 2 further comprising means for increasing the turbulence of air flow through said scrubber.

6. The cell of claim 5 wherein said means for increasing the turbulence of said air flow are vanes disposed in said channels.

7. The cell of claim 2 wherein said plates are spaced from each other by about 1 to 10 cm.

8. The cell of claim 1 wherein said anode comprises lithium and said electrolyte is an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide.

9. A method of generating power from an electrochemical cell comprising the steps of:

(a) supplying an electrolyte to an electrochemical reaction zone defined between a cathode and a reactive alkali metal anode of said cell, said electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of the hydroxide of said reactive metal;

(b) conducting said electrolyte to a gas/liquid contacting means and reacting with carbon dioxide to form a carbonate reaction product of said metal hydroxide and said carbon dioxide;

(c) separating said reaction product from said electrolyte; and

,

(d) recirculating said electrolyte to said reaction zone.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said contacting means is a scrubber comprising spaced parallel plates defining flow channels therebetween.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said electrolyte flows across the surface of said plates, and air flows in said channels in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of flow of said electrolyte and parallel to said plates.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein said plates are constructed of a material with a thermal conductivity sufficiently high to transport heat from said electrolyte and thereby cool said cell.

13. The method of claim 9 wherein said plates are aligned in a direction that is parallel to a direction of motion of said cell.

14. The method of claim 9 wherein said anode comprises lithium and said electrolyte is an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide.