Rearward obstruction sensing system for automotive vehicle

• US 4,528,563 A
• Filed: 10/24/1983
• Issued: 07/09/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 11/11/1982
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Takeuchi, Mikio
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): Heim, Michael F.
• Application Number:
  US06/544,775
• Time in Patent Office: 624 Days
• Field of Search: 116/28 R, 116/28 A, 116/62.3, 180/169, 307/9, 340/901, 340/902, 340/903, 340/904, 340/943, 340/61, 340/70, 340/88, 340/961, 367/107, 367/112, 367/102, 367/116, 367/909, 455/99, 343/7 VM, 343/9, 343/10, 343/16 R, 343/386
• US Class Current: 340/903
• CPC Class Codes: B60G 2400/82 Ground surface
• CPC Class Codes: B60G 2401/00 Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
• CPC Class Codes: B60Q 9/007 providing information about the distance to an obstacle, e.g. varying sound
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/931 of land vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 367/909 Collision avoidance

Abstract

A rearward obstruction sensing system for an automotive vehicle detects obstructions within plural warning areas defined near the vehicle body. Four speakers near the four corners of the passenger compartment face toward the allocated warning areas when seen from the driver. When an obstruction is detected within a warning area, the speaker disposed on the side of the warning area within which the detected obstruction exists produces an intermittent alarm sound. Therefore, the driver can intuitively or sensorially recognize the direction of an obstruction existing within dead angles from the driver without watching a zone display device while backing up his vehicle. Further, the driver can determine the obstruction distance by distinguishing the period of the intermittent alarm sound, because the period thereof is proportional to the obstruction distance.

Claims

1. A rearward obstruction sensing system for an automotive vehicle including a vehicle body, a passenger compartment, a gear shift lever and a car audio set, which comprises:

(a) means for intermittently and sequentially transmitting plural obstruction sensing signals from near each corner of the vehicle body for enabling detection of obstructions existing within plural warning areas near the vehicle, each of said warning areas being defined by said transmitted signals;

(b) a plurality of means for receiving the obstruction sensing signal transmitted from said transmitting means and reflected from obstructions existing within the warning areas, each of said receiving means being arranged near the corners of the vehicle body being mated with each of said transmitting means;

(c) means for controlling said transmitting means and said receiving means, said controlling means intermittently and sequentially supplying an intermittent output command signal to said transmitting means to cause the intermittent obstruction sensing signal to be sequentially transmitted from said transmitting means so as to enable derivation of a reflected signal to be received by the receiving means, said controlling means calculating obstruction distances on the basis of the difference between the time when the sensing signal is transmitted and the time when the sensing signal is received and the sensing signal propagation speed, and said controlling means further deriving intermittent obstruction distance signals having a period which varies as a monotonic function of the detected obstruction distance; and

(d) means for generating plural intermittent aural alarm signals, one of said aural alarm signals being generated in response to said controlling mens detecting the presence of any obstructions within any of the warning areas, each of said aural alarm signals being allocated to each of the warning areas respectively and originating near each corner of the passenger compartment so as to be propagated from the direction of the allocated warning areas respectively toward the driver'"'"'s position;

said transmitting means including four separate transmitting transducers, said receiving means including four separate receiving transducers and said alarm generating means including four separate aural transducers, a first pair of the transmitting and receiving transducers being disposed near the rear, left side corner of the vehicle body, a second pair of the transmitting and receiving transducers being disposed near the rear, right side corner of the vehicle body, a third pair of the transmitting and receiving transducers being disposed near the front, left side corner of the vehicle body, a fourth pair of the transmitting and receiving transducers being disposed near the front, right side corner of the vehicle body, and a first of the aural transducers being disposed near the rear, left side corner of the passenger compartment, a second of the aural transducers being disposed near the rear, right side corner of the passenger compartment, a third of the aural transducers being disposed near the front, left side corner of the passenger compartment, and a fourth of the aural transducers being disposed near the front, right side corner of the passenger compartment;

said first transmitting, receiving and aural transducers being alocated to a first warning area A defined near the rear, left side of the vehicle body, said first and second transmitting, receiving and aural transducers being allocated to a second warning area B defined near the rear, middle portion of the vehicle body, said second transmitting, receiving and aural transducers being allocated to a third warning area C defined near the rear, right side of the vehicle body, said third transmitting, receiving and aural transducers being allocated to a fourth warning area D defined near the front, left side of the vehicle body, and said fourth transmitting, receiving means and aural transducers being allocated to a fifth warning area E defined near the front, right side of the vehicle body;

whereby the driver can recognize the direction and the distance of an obstruction existing within dead angles from the driver sensorially, without watching a display device.

2. A rearward obstruction sensing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said aural alarm generating means comprises:

(a) an oscillator for continuously deriving an audio frequency oscillation alarm signal;

(b) gate means responsive to said controlling means and said oscillator for deriving a separate aural alarm signal at the audio frequency for each aural transducer in response to the oscillation alarm signal and the intermittent obstruction distance signal so that an intermittent audio alarm is derived by each aural transducer in response to derivation of the intermittent obstruction distance signal associated with the aural transducer;

(c) each aural transducer being responsive to said gate means for producing an intermittently oscillating audio frequency aural alarm signal having a period which is a monotonic function of the detected obstruction distance.

3. A rearward obstruction sensing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said aural alarm generating means comprises:

(a) an oscillator for continuously deriving an audio frequency oscillation alarm signal;

(b) gate means responsive to said controlling means and said oscillator for deriving a separate aural alarm signal at the audio frequency for each aural transducer in response to the oscillation alarm signal and the intermittent obstruction distance signal so that an intermittent audio alarm is derived by each aural transducer in response to derivation of the intermittent obstruction distance signal asociated with the aural transducer;

(c) each aural transducer being a speaker of a car radio set equipped within the passenger compartment; and

(d) a switch for connecting said gate means to said speakers so said speakers produce an intermittently oscillating alarm signal having a period which is a monotonic function of detected obstruction distance when the gear shift lever is set to the rear position and for connecting the car audio set to said speakers so said speakers produce audio signals of the car audio set when the gear shift lever is set to the positions other than the rear position,

whereby the same speaker is used for the car audio set and as the aural alarm transducer.

4. An apparatus for aurally indicating to a driver in a vehicle passenger compartment of an automotive vehicle the bearing and range of obstacles in regions at different bearings in proximity to a vehicle and outside of the driver field of view, comprising transducer means for transmitting energy to and receiving energy from the regions, the received energy being reflected by an obstacle in the regions, an array of aural transducers in the compartment arranged to supply aural signals to the driver from points in the compartment angularly related to the bearings of the regions, means responsive to the received reflected energy for activating the aural transducers to produce an aural warning signal having a detectable directional component to the driver location commensurate with the bearing of the region where the obstacle is located relative to the vehicle and a duration that is a monotonic function of the distance between the vehicle and the obstacle so that the driver is able to discern from the directional component and the duration of the aural signal the bearing and range of the obstacles, different obstacles being susceptible to being simultaneously in regions at different bearings, said activating means including means responsive to the reflected energy for enabling the array to produce an aural warning signal only for the obstacle at the closest range.

5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein the regions are to the rear of the vehicle, the array including first and second aural transducers respectively located in the rear left and rear right corners of the compartment, the means for respectively activating the first and second transducers in response to the obstacle being in regions behind left and right rear corners of the vehicle.

6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein the regions are to the rear of the vehicle, the array including first and second aural transducers respectively located in the rear left and rear right corners of the compartment, the means for respectively activating the first and second transducers in response to the obstacle being in regions behind left and right rear corners of the vehicle and simultaneously activating both of the first and second transducers in response to the obstacle being in a region between the left and right rear corners of the vehicle.

7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein the vehicle includes an audio set having an array of plural speakers with individual speakers at positions corresponding with the position of the aural transducers, a gear shift responsive switch means for:

(a) normally coupling the speakers to audio frequency output signals of the audio set and (b) for decoupling the audio set output signals from the speakers and for coupling the aural warning signal to the individual speakers corresponding with the aural transducers in response to the gear switch lever being in the reverse position, whereby the individual speakers are the aural transducers.

8. An apparatus for aurally indicating to a driver in a vehicle passenger compartment of an automotive vehicle the bearing and range of obstacles in regions at different bearings in proximity to a vehicle and outside of the driver field of view, comprising transducer means for transmitting energy to and receiving energy from the regions, the received energy being reflected by an obstacle in the regions, an array of aural transducers in the compartment arranged to supply aural signals to the driver from points in the compartment angularly related to the bearings of the regions, means responsive to the received reflected energy for activating the aural transducers to produce an aural warning signal having a detectable directional component to the driver location commensurate with the bearing of the regions wherein the obstacle is located relative to the vehicle, different obstacles being susceptible to being simultaneously in regions at different bearings, said activating means including means responsive to the reflected energy for enabling the array to produce an aural warning signal only for the obstacle at the closest range.

9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8 wherein the regions are to the rear of the vehicle, the array including first and second aural transducers respectively located in the rear left and rear right corners of the compartment, the means for respectively activating the first and second transducers in response to the obstacle being in regions behind left and right rear corners of the vehicle.

10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8 wherein the regions are to the rear of the vehicle, the array including first and second aural transducers respectively located in the rear left and rear right corners of the compartment, the means for respectively activating the first and second transducers in response to the obstacle being in regions behind left and right rear corners of the vehicle and simultaneously activating both of the first and second transducers in response to the obstacle being in a region between the left and right rear corners of the vehicle.

11. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8 wherein the vehicle includes an audio set having an array of plural speakers with individual speakers at positions corresponding with the position of the aural transducers, a gear shift responsive switch means for:

(a) normally coupling the speakers to audio frequency output signals of the audio set and (b) for decoupling the audio set output signals from the speakers and for coupling the aural warning signal to the individual speakers corresponding with the aural transducers in response to the gear switch lever being in the reverse position, whereby the individual speakers are the aural transducers.