Compact electrical power supply for signal processing applications

• US 4,533,986 A
• Filed: 10/31/1983
• Issued: 08/06/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Jones, Dwight V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Application Number:
  US06/547,376
• Time in Patent Office: 645 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/223, 323/224, 323/266, 323/271, 323/289, 363/17, 363/80, 363/55-56, 363/98, 363/132
• US Class Current: 363/17
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4208 Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4225 using a non-isolated boost converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2201/05 Capacitive half bridge, i.e. resonant inverter having two capacitors and two switches
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2201/09 Boost converter, i.e. DC-DC step up converter increasing the voltage between the supply and the inverter driving the motor general aspects of plural converters in cascade H02M
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a compact electrical power supply which derives electrical energy from a low frequency medium voltage source (e.g. a 120 V 60 Hz ac main), and converts the electrical energy to a low voltage format suitable for solid state signal processing equipment. The supply entails in succession bridge rectification means, a dc-dc boost converter, a capacitor storage bank, and a half bridge converter, either resonantly or non-resonantly operated. The converters operate at frequencies substantially above audible frequencies in the interests of compactness. The design provides a high input power factor (inductive) with minimum EMT, and provides a lengthened voltage hold up after loss of power.

Claims

1. In a power supply, the combination comprising:

A. a dc source having a common and non-common output terminal;

B. a voltage regulated, series resonant half bridge converter having a pair of dc input terminal coupled respectively to said common and said non-common output terminal, and a pair of output terminals for connection to supply energy at a regulated voltage thereto, said half bridge converter comprising;

(1) a first and a second solid state switch, each having a pair of principal electrodes and a control electrode, said first and second solid state switches being serially connected via the principal electrodes thereof between said terminals of said source,

(2) an output transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, alternating conduction of said first and second solid state switches connecting one end of said primary winding alternatively to said common and said last recited non-common source terminal to produce an ac input to said primary winding and inducing an ac output in said secondary winding,

(3) means coupled between said secondary winding and said output terminals for rectifying said transformer ac output and producing a dc output voltage at said converter output terminals,

(4) series resonant circuitry including an inductive element and one capacitive element connecting in shunt and at least one capacitive element connected in series with said primary winding, and

(5) regulating means responsive to said rectified dc output voltage, coupled to the control electrodes of said first and second solid state switches for causing alternate conduction thereof, controlled to achieve output voltage regulation by adjustment of the switching rates of said first and second switches in relation to the resonance frequency of said resonant circuitry.

2. In a power supply, the combination comprising:

A. a dc to dc boost converter for elevating the voltage of electrical energy supplied from a dc source while presenting an inductive load thereto, said elevation augmenting the energy stored in capacitive storage, said converter having a first pair of terminals for connection to said dc source, a second pair of terminals at which the boosted dc output voltage appears, the first terminals of said first and of said second pair being common, said boost converter comprising;

(1) a first inductor connected to a second terminal of said first pair of terminals,

(2) a first solid state switch having a pair of principal electrodes and a control electrode, said solid state switch being serially connected via the principal electrodes thereof with said first inductor between the first and second terminals of said first pair, conduction by said switch causing current to flow in said first inductor and electrical energy to be stored in the field of said first inductor,

(3) a commutating diode serially connected with said inductor between the second terminals of said first and of said second pair of terminals, poled to allow energy stored in said inductor to be transferred in the form of an inductive current via said second pair of terminals when conduction of said switch is interrupted;

B. capacitive energy storage means for storing the current derived from said boost converter at said elevated voltage for said augmented energy storage, said capacitive means having at least two terminals, a first of which is coupled to said common terminal of said boost converter and a second of which is coupled to a second, non-common output terminal of said boost converter;

C. a voltage regulating half bridge converter having a pair of dc input terminals coupled respectively to the common and a non-common terminal of said capacitive energy storage means for deriving current therefrom and a pair of output terminals for supplying said derived current at a regulated voltage to said load, comprising;

(1) a second and a third solid state switch, each having a pair of principal electrodes and a control electrode, said second and third solid state switches being serially connected via the principal electrodes thereof between said common and said last recited non-common terminal of said capacitive energy storage means,

(2) an output transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, alternating conduction of said second and third solid state switches connecting one end of said primary winding alternately to said common and to said last recited non-common terminal to produce an ac input in said primary winding and inducing an ac output in said secondary winding,

(3) means coupled between said secondary winding and said output terminals for rectifying said transformer ac output and providing a dc voltage at said load output terminals, and

(4) first regulating means, responsive to said rectified dc output voltage, coupled to the control electrodes of said second and third solid state switches for alternate conduction, said regulating means, when input power is applied, effecting a controlled modulation of the energy transferred to said load via said alternate conducting switches for regulating the dc output voltage, and when a loss of input power occurs, said modulation is increased in a direction to extract increased energy in a given time as the voltage on said energy storage means falls and said augmented stored energy is consumed, to sustain said output voltage at the regulated value for a useful period after said loss of power.

3. The combination set forth in claim 2 wherein

said half bridge converter is series resonant and includes an inductive and at least one capacitive element, the primary of said output transformer being connected in circuit with said resonant circuitry, and wherein

said first regulating means adjusts the switching rates of said second and third solid state switches in relation to the resonance frequency of said resonant circuitry to effect said controlled modulation for voltage regulation.

4. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein

the primary of said output transformer is connected in shunt with said resonant capacitive element.

5. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein

the primary of said output transformer is connected in series with said resonant capacitive element.

6. The combination set forth in claim 2 wherein

said bridge converter is series resonant and includes an inductive element and one capacitive element connected in shunt and at least one capacitive element connected in series with the primary of said output transformer,

said first regulating means adjusts the switching rates of said second and third switches in relation to the resonance frequency of said resonant circuitry to effect said controlled modulation for voltage regulation.

7. The combination set forth in claim 2 wherein

said half bridge converter is non-resonantly operated, the switching rates of said first, second and third solid state switches being syncronized with said regulating means and wherein

said first regulating means adjusts the duty of said second and third solid state switches to effect said controlled modulation for voltage regulation.

8. The combination set forth in claim 2 wherein

the boost circuit parameters are selected to produce continuous current flow in said first inductor under normal load conditions,

the switching rate of said first solid state switch is made high, consistent with tolerable switching losses in said first solid state switch and minimum size for said first inductor, while achieving a significant voltage boost for increased energy storage in said capacitive energy storage means, and wherein

second regulating means are provided, responsive to the voltage stored in said capacitive energy storage means for adjusting the duty cycle of said first solid state switch to maintain the average stored voltage constant.

9. The combination set forth in claim 2 wherein said boost converter comprises, in addition,

a second inductor connected in the series path between said first inductor and said commutating diode for storing energy during the turn on transient of said transistor switch to decrease the loss in said transistor switch,

a second diode and a capacitor serially connected together, the serial combination being connected in shunt with said second inductor for reducing the rise in voltage across said solid state switch atributable to said inductor during the turn off transient of said transistor switch by diverting a portion of the current transient to said capacitor;

and

resistive means in shunt with said capacitor for discharging said capacitor prior to the next such turn off transient.