Drain system for fuel processor apparatus

• US 4,539,109 A
• Filed: 01/23/1984
• Issued: 09/03/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Davco Manufacturing Corporation (Daimler Truck Holding AG)
• Original Assignee: Davco Manufacturing Corporation (Daimler Truck Holding AG)
• Inventors: Davis, Leland L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Adee, John
• Application Number:
  US06/573,292
• Time in Patent Office: 589 Days
• Field of Search: 210/103, 210/104, 210/112, 210/114, 210/116, 210/123, 210/149, 210/181, 210/184, 123/142.5 E, 123/142.5 R, 123/142.557, 123/557
• US Class Current: 210/104
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 17/00 Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water, or sewage C02F1/40; cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like materials E02B15/04; arrangements for separating lubricants from refrigerants F25B43/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 17/0208 by sedimentation
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 17/0214 with removal of one of the phases
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 17/10 with stationary filtering elements
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 17/12 Auxiliary equipment particularly adapted for use with liquid-separating apparatus, e.g. control circuits
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 36/003 Filters in combination with devices for the removal of liquids B01D35/185 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 33/06 with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 3/06 with compression ignition compression ignition engines using air or gas for blowing fuel into compressed air in cylinder F02B13/02
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 33/003 Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus control of electrical fuel pumps F02D41/3082, controlling fuel flow to a common rail F02D41/3845; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 31/125 Fuel
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 37/0047 Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel fuel injection apparatus characterised by their conduits and venting means F02M55/00; fuel injection apparatus having a common rail F02M63/0225; arrangement of fuel conduits of low pressure fuel injection apparatus F02M69/462
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 37/28 with means activated by the presence of water, e.g. alarms or means for automatic drainage
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 37/30 characterised by heating means
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 37/32 characterised by filters or filter arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A drain system adapted for use in fuel processing devices, as well as in other fluid equipment applications, includes sensing means for detecting the presence of a predetermined quantity of water or other impurities separated from the fuel, or the presence of other fluids, in an enclosure or container. Drain means are also included for discharging at least a substantial portion of the predetermined quantity in response to said detection of the presence thereof. The drain means is preferably actuated and deactuation by automatic control means in order to maintain said water or other impurities, or said other fluids, at or below the predetermined quantity. The fuel processing device herein further includes means for heating fuel in order to prevent fuel waxing and clouding. Several embodiments are described which are particularly useful for treating fuel as it is transmitted to an engine or other consuming device whereas another embodiment describes a fuel processing device particularly adapted for treating fuel as it is drawn from and returned to the fuel tank.

Claims

1. In a fuel processor operative to separate out water or other impurities from fuel, the fuel processor including a chamber adapted to receive the fuel flowing therethrough, the water in the fuel or other impurities being separated into a lower portion of the chamber, the improvement comprising:

chamber quantity sensing means located in the chamber for detecting the presence of at least one predetermined quantity of water or other impurities therein said chamber quantity sensing means includes first and second electrical contacts disposed at opposing sides of said chamber;

drain means actuatable to discharge at least a portion of the water or other impurities from the chamber in response to the detection of said predetermined quantity of water or impurities by both said first and second electrical contacts of said chamber quantity sensing means; and

control means for causing actuation of said drain means in response to the detection of said predetermined quantity or other impurity in the chamber,

whereby the quantity of said water or other impurities in the chamber is maintained at or below said predetermined quantity.

2. The improved fuel processor according to claim 1 wherein the fuel processor is adapted for use on a motor vehicle and wherein said first and second sensing means are oriented in the fore and aft directions of the motor vehicle.

3. The improved fuel processor according to claim 2 wherein said control means causes actuation of said drain means only when both said first and second sensing means detect the presence of water or other impurity in the chamber for at least a first preselected time period.

4. The improved fuel processor according to claim 1 wherein said control system causes deactuation of said drain means after a second preselected time period has elapsed.

5. The improved fuel processor according to claim 1 wherein the fuel processor further includes temperature sensing means.

6. The improved fuel processor according to claim 5 wherein said temperature sensing means providing a signal to said control means, said control means preventing actuation of said drain means when the temperature sensed by said temperature sensing means is below a predetermined temperature.

7. The improved fuel processor according to claim 6 wherein the improvement further comprises heater means disposed within the chamber.

8. The improved fuel processor according to claim 7 wherein said control means modulates the heating effect provided by said heating means in response to said signal provided by said temperature sensing means.

9. The improved fuel processor according to claim 7 wherein said heater means comprises an electrical resistance heater.

10. In a fuel processor operative to separate out water or other impurities from the fuel, the fuel processor interconnected to a fuel circuit wherein the fuel is pumped from a fuel tank, circulated within the fuel processor and returned to the fuel tank, the fuel processor including a chamber adapted to receive the fuel flowing therethrough, the water in the fuel or other impurities being separated into a lower portion of the chamber, the improvement comprising:

chamber quantity sensing means located in the chamber for detecting the presence of at least one predetermined quantity of water or other impurities therein said chamber sensing means including first and second electrical contacts disposed at opposing sides of said chamber;

drain means actuatable to discharge a substantial portion of the water or other impurities from the chamber in response to the detection of said predetermined quantity of water or impurities by said chamber quantity sensing means; and

control means for causing actuation of said drain means in response to the detection of said predetermined quantity or other impurity in the chamber

whereby the quantity of said water or other impurities in the chamber is maintained at or below said predetermined quantity.

11. The improved fuel processor according to claim 10 wherein the fuel processor is adapted for use on a motor vehicle and wherein said first and second sensing means are oriented in the fore and aft directions of the motor vehicle.

12. The improved fuel processor according to claim 10 wherein said control means causes actuation of said drain means only when both said first and second sensing means detect the presence of water or other impurities in the chamber.

13. The improved fuel processor according to claim 10 wherein said control means causes actuation of said drain means only when both said first and second sensing means detect the presence of water or other impurity in the chamber for at least a first preselected time period.

14. The improved fuel processor according to claim 10 wherein said control system causes deactuation of said drain means after a second preselected time period has elapsed.

15. The improved fuel processor according to claim 10, further comprising chamber temperature sensing means located in the lower portion of the chamber and adapted to generate a low temperature signal in response to detection of temperature below a predetermined temperature level in the lower portion of the chamber, said control means being adapted to receive said low temperature signal and to automatically prevent actuation of said drain means in response thereto.

16. A fuel processing system operative to separate out water from said fuel, said fuel processing system conducting said fuel from a fuel tank, and returning said fuel to said fuel tank, said system comprising:

a fluid-tight chamber having a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, said fuel and said water being substantially separated in a lower portion of said chamber;

drain means actuable to discharge a substantial portion of said water or other impurities from said chamber;

an inlet conduit conducting said fuel from said fuel tank to said chamber fuel inlet;

an outlet conduit conducting said fuel from said chamber fuel outlet;

pump means interconnected to one of said conduits

fuel tank quantity sensing means located in said fuel tank for detecting the presence of at least one predetermined quantity of said water, and

control means actuable to cause said pump means to cause said fuel to flow within said chamber in response to the detection by said fuel tank sensing means of said predetermined quantity of said water.

17. The fuel processing system of claim 16 further comprising fuel tank temperature sensing means located within said fuel tank, said fuel tank temperature sensing means providing a signal to said pump means to cause said pump means to cause said fuel to flow within said chamber in response to a sensed temperature above a predetermined temperature level thereby preventing improper operation of said pump resulting from ice being introduced therein.

18. The fuel processing system of claim 16 wherein said pump means is interconnected to said inlet conduit and said drain means comprises a solenoid-operated valve.

19. The fuel processing system of claim 16 wherein said pump means is interconnected to said outlet conduit and said drain means comprises a pump.

20. The fuel processing system of claim 19 wherein said pump is a positive displacement type.

21. In a fuel processor means operative to separate out water or other impurities from the fuel, said fuel processor means receiving said fuel conducted from a fuel tank, and returning said fuel to said fuel tank, said fuel processor means including a chamber adapted to receive said fuel flowing therethrough, said fuel and said water or other impurities being separated in a lower portion of said chamber, the improvement comprising:

quantity sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber for detecting the presence of at least one predetermined quantity of said water or other impurities therein;

drain means actuable to discharge a substantial portion of said water or other impurities from said chamber in response to the detection of said predetermined quantity of said water or other impurities by said quantity sensing means, whereby the quantity of said water or other impurities in said chamber is maintained at or below said predetermined quantity; and

temperature sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber for sensing the temperature of said water or other impurities in said lower portion of said chamber and for disabling said drain means in response to detection of a water temperature below a predetermined temperature level.

22. The improvement according to claim 21, wherein said quantity sensing means is also adapted to detect the presence of a second quantity of said water or other impurities, said improvement further including control means for causing actuation of said drain means in response to said detection of said predetermined quantity of water or other impurities in said chamber and for causing deactuation of said drain means in response to detection of said second quantity of water or other impurities in said chamber, said predetermined quantity being greater than said second quantity, whereby the quantity of said water or other impurities is maintained generally between said predetermined quantity and said second quantity.

23. The improvement according to claim 22, wherein said drain means is actuated and deactuated automatically by said control means in response to said detection of said respective predetermined and second quantities of water or other impurities, whereby the quantity of water or other impurities is automatically maintained generally between said predetermined quantity and said second quantity even when said fuel processor is unattended.

24. The improvement according to claim 21, wherein said quantity sensing means includes probe means protruding in a generally vertical direction into said lower portion of said chamber, said probe means being adapted for detecting the presence of a predetermined level of said water or other impurities therein generally corresponding to said predetermined quantity and for generating a high-level signal to indicate the presence of said predetermined quantity.

25. The improvement according to claim 24, further comprising automatic control means for receiving said high-level signal and for automatically actuating said drain means in response to said high-level signal.

26. The improvement according to claim 25, wherein said probe means is further adapted for detecting the presence of a level of said water or other impurities lower than said predetermined level in said lower portion of said chamber and for generating a low-level signal to indicate the presence of said lower level, said automatic control means further being adapted to automatically deactuate said drain means in response to said low-level signal, whereby the quantity of said water or other impurities is automatically maintained generally between said predetermined quantity and a lesser quantity corresponding to said lower level.

27. The improvement according to claim 26, wherein said probe means comprises at least one elongated probe protruding in a generally upwardly direction into said lower portion of said chamber, said probe being adapted to generate distinct signals when exposed at various points along its length to one or more fluids having distinct electrical characteristics, said automatic control means being adapted to differentiate between said distinct signals in order to actuate and deactuate said drain means in response to said high-level and low-level signals, respectively.

28. The improvement according to claim 27, wherein said drain means includes a solenoid-operated valve adapted to provide communication therethrough between the interior of said lower portion of said chamber and the exterior of said fuel processor means to discharge said substantial portion of said water or other impurities when said solenoid-operated valve is actuated, said solenoid-operated valve further being adapted to prevent said communication when said solenoid-operated valve is deactuated.

29. The improvement according to claim 28, wherein said drain means further includes pumping means operatively connected to said solenoid-operated valve, said pumping means being actuated and deactuated by said control means in conjunction with respective actuation and deactuation of said solenoid-operated valve.

30. The improvement according to claim 28, wherein said probe means comprises a pair of said elongated probes protruding generally upwardly into said lower portion of said chamber, said probes being separated but located closely adjacent to one another relative to the distance from said probes to the wall of said chamber and being adapted to generate distinct signals when exposed at various corresponding levels along each of their lengths to one or more fluids which have distinct electrical characteristics and extend between said probes.

31. The improvement according to claim 23, wherein said temperature sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber is adapted to generate a low temperature signal in response to detection of a temperature of said water or other impurities below said predetermined temperature level in said lower portion of said chamber, said control means being adapted to receive said low-temperature signal and to automatically disabling said drain means in response thereto.

32. The improvement according to claim 21, wherein said predetermined temperature level is approximately 34 F., whereby said temperature sensing means substantially disables and prevents improper operation of said drain means resulting from ice being introduced thereinto.

42. The improvement according to claim 21, further including heater means selectively actuable for heating said fuel in said chamber, said temperature sensing means being adapted to cause actuation of said heater means in response to detection of said temperature below said predetermined temperature level.

33. A fuel processing apparatus for use on trucks, automobiles, and the like, sad fuel processing apparatus receiving said fuel conducted from a fuel tank and returning said fuel to said fuel tank, said apparatus being operative to preheat the fuel to separate out water or other impurities from the fuel, said apparatus comprising in combination:

a fluid-tight chamber having a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, said fuel and said water or other impurities being substantially separated in a lower portion of said chamber;

heating means in said chamber for preheating said fuel;

filter means operatively connected with said chamber for filtering said fuel after said water and other impurities have been substantially separated;

quantity sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber for detecting the presence of various quantities of said water or other impurities therein;

drain valve means actuable to provide fluid communication between the interior of said lower portion of said chamber and the exterior of said chamber in order to discharge a substantial portion of said water and other impurities therefrom, said drain valve means further being deactuable to prevent said fluid communication;

automatic control means for actuating said drain valve means in response to detection by said quantity sensing means of the presence of a first predetermined quantity of said water or other impurities in said lower portion of said chamber and for deactuating said drain valve means in response to detection by said quantity sensing means of the presence of a second lesser predetermined quantity of said water or other impurities in said lower portion of said chamber whereby the quantity of said water or other impurities is maintained generally between said first and second predetermined quantities; and

temperature sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber for sensing the temperature of said water or other impurities therein and for disabling said drain means in response to detection of a water temperature below a predetermined temperature level.

34. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said quantity sensing means includes at least one elongated probe extending generally upwardly into said lower portion of said chamber, said probe being adapted to generate distinct signals when exposed at various points along its length to one or more fluids having distinct electrical characteristics, said automatic control means being adapted to differentiate between said distinct signals in order to actuate said drain valve means in response to a first level of said water or other impurities and to deactuate said drain valve means in response to a second level of said water or other impurities, said first and second levels corresponding to said first and second predetermined quantities, respectively.

35. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 34, wherein said drain valve means is solenoid-operated.

36. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 35, wherein said drain valve means further includes pumping means operatively connected thereto, said pumping means being actuated and deactuated by said automatic control means in conjunction with respective actuation and deactuation of said drain valve means.

37. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 34, wherein said quantity sensing means comprises a pair of said elongated probes protruding generally upwardly into said lower portion of said chamber, said probes being separate but located closely adjacent to one another relative to the distance from said probes to the wall of said chamber and being adapted to generate distinct signals when exposed at various corresponding levels along each of their lengths to one or more fluids which have distinct electrical characteristics and extend between said probes.

38. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 37, wherein said drain valve means is solenoid-operated.

39. A fuel processing appratus according to claim 36, wherein said drain valve means further includes pumping means operatively connected thereto, said pumping means being actuated and deactuated by said automatic control means in conjunction with respective actuation and deactuation of said drain valve.

40. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 34, wherein said temperature sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber is adapted to generate a low-temperature signal in response to detection of temperatures below a predetermined temperature level in said lower portion of said chamber, said control means being adapted to receive said low-temperature signal and to automatically disable said drain means in response thereto.

41. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said predetermined temperature level is approximately 34 F., whereby said control means substantially disables and prevents improper operation of said drain means resulting from ice being introduced thereinto.

43. A fuel processing apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said temperature sensing means is adapted to cause actuation of said heating means in response to detection of said temperature below said predetermined temperature level.

44. In a fluid fuel processor device operative to separate water or other impurities from the fuel, said fuel processor means receiving said fuel conducted from a fuel tank, and returning said fuel to said fuel tank, the fuel processor device including a chamber adapted to receive the fuel flowing therethrough, the fuel and the water or other impurities being separated in a lower portion of the chamber wherein an interface is created between the fuel and the water or other impurities, the fuel having a different resistance or electrical conductivity from that of the water or other impurities, the improvement comprising:

drain means located in the lower portion of the chamber and actuable for providing fluid communication between the lower portion of the chamber and the exterior of the chamber;

quantity sensing means located in the lower portion of the chamber for detecting the level of the interface between the fuel and the water or other impurities, said quantity sensing means including at least one elongated electric probe protruding generally vertically into the lower portion of said chamber, said probe having an insulated lower probe portion and an uninsulated upper probe portion, said upper probe portion being adapted to generate distinct electrical signals as it is exposed along its length to the interface between the fuel and the water or other impurities, said distinct electrical signals varying continuously along the length of said uninsulated upper probe portion as the level of the interface changes,

automatic control means adapted to receive said electrical signals from said probe and to actuate said drain means in response to a first electrical signal corresponding to a predetermined high level of the interface and to deactuate said drain means in response to a second electrical signal corresponding to a predetermined low level of the interface,

whereby the quantity of said water or other impurities in the lower portion of the chamber is maintained at or below said predetermined high level, and

temperature sensing means in said chamber for detecting the temperature therein, said control means being adapted to disable said drain means in response to detection by said temperature sensing means of a temperature at or below a predetermined temperature level.

45. The improvement according to claim 44, comprising a pair of said elongated electric probes, said probes being physically separate and spaced apart and extending generally parallel to one another in said generally vertical direction, the space between said separate probes being substantially less than the distance from said probes to the wall of the chamber such that the level of contact of the interface with the uninsulated probe portion of each of said probes is approximately the same even under conditions wherein the probes are not substantially perpendicular to the interface.

46. A unitary processing and filtering unit, particularly for receiving diesel fuel from a fuel tank and returning said fuel to said fuel tank and operative to separate out water-impurities from the fuel, comprising a housing including a lower portion defining a combined heating and sediment chamber having a fuel inlet, a concentric annular shaped filtering means carried by an upper portion of said housing and having a fuel outlet, means defining a passage for conducting fluid from said chamber to the filtering means, heating means in said lower portion operative to heat the incoming fuel by direct contact therewith in said chamber, said heating means including a heated portion in close proximity to said passage, said heating means extending through a substantial part of the lower portion, said water-impurities being separated out in said lower portion, quantity sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber for detecting the presence of at least one predetermined quantity of said water-impurities therein, and drain means actuable to discharge a substantial portion of said water-impurities from said lower portion in response to the detection by said quantity sensing means, whereby the quantity of said water-impurities is maintained at or below said predetermined quantity.

47. A fuel processor means for use with diesel engines on diesel trucks, automobiles, and the like, and whereby said fuel processor means is operative to preheat the diesel fuel and to separate out water-impurities from the diesel fuel by drawing fuel from a fuel tank and returning said fuel to the tank, comprising,

a vertically oriented tubular vessel means operative for separating water-impurities out of the fuel in a lower portion thereof,

inlet conduit means to introduce hot liquid from the engine,

another conduit means passing through a central portion of said vessel for transmitting the hot liquid therethrough,

outlet conduit means for recirculating the hot liquid back through the engine system,

a second inlet conduit means for introducing fuel to the interior of the vessel near the midpoint thereof for flow therethrough and such that this inlet is above the level of water-impurities being collected in the vessel,

a second outlet conduit means for the fuel near the top of the vessel for transmitting the water-free fuel to the engine,

vent means near the top of the vessel for venting the vessel when desired,

quantity sensing means located in said lower portion for detecting the presence of at least one predetermined quantity of said water-impurities therein, and

drain means actuable to discharge a substantial portion of said water-impurities from said chamber in response to the detection of said predetermined quantity of said water-impurities by said quantity sensing means, whereby the quantity of said water-impurities in said chamber is maintained at or below said predetermined quantity.

48. A fuel processor means for use with diesel engines on diesel trucks, automobiles, and the like, and whereby said fuel processor means is operative to preheat the diesel fuel and to separate out water-impurities from the diesel fuel by receiving fuel from a fuel tank and returning said fuel to said fuel tank, comprising,

a vertically oriented tubular vessel means operative for separating water-impurities out of the fuel in a lower portion thereof,

inlet conduit means to introduce hot liquid from the engine,

another conduit means passing through a central portion of said vessel for transmitting the hot liquid therethrough,

outlet conduit means for recirculating the hot liquid back through the engine system,

a second inlet conduit means for introducing fuel to the interior of the vessel near the midpoint thereof for flow therethrough and such that this inlet is above the level of water-impurities being collected in the vessel,

a second outlet conduit means for the fuel near the top of the vessel for transmitting the water-free fuel to the engine,

quantity sensing means located in said lower portion of said chamber for detecting the presence of at least one predetermined quantity of said water-impurities therein, and

drain means actuable to discharge a substantial portion of said water-impurities from said chamber in response to the detection of said predetermined quantity of said water or other impurities by said quantity sensing means, whereby the quantity of said water-impurities in said chamber is maintained at or below said predetermined quantity.