Emergency bypass system

• US 4,540,399 A
• Filed: 02/01/1983
• Issued: 09/10/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lifestream International, LLC
• Original Assignee: Craig P. Roberts, Ken Litzie
• Inventors: Roberts, Craig P., Litzie, Ken
• Primary Examiner(s): Pellegrino, Stephen C.
• Application Number:
  US06/463,057
• Time in Patent Office: 952 Days
• Field of Search: 604/4, 604/8, 604/5-7, 604/122-123, 604/151, 422/44, 210/321.2, 128/DIG. 3
• US Class Current: 604/6.14
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1698 Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers intracorporal A61M1/1678; manufacturing of membranes therefor B01D67/00; semi-permeable membranes for separation processes characterised by their properties B01D69/00; semi-permeable membranes characterised by their material B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3603 in the same direction
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3621 Extra-corporeal blood circuits single-needle circuits A61M1/30
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3623 Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3647 with recirculation of the priming solution
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3667 with assisted venous return
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/366 by liquid heat exchangers

Abstract

A closed emergency heart bypass system is disclosed herein for extra-corporeal blood circulation use which employs a minimum of components arranged in a series relationship. The components include a non-occlusive blood pump aspirating venous blood from an appropriate cannula for introduction to an oxygenator and a bubble-trapping device followed by return to a patient'"'"'s body via an arterial cannula. Tubing interconnects the components and a bypass loop selectively joins the tubing adjacent to the venous and arterial cannulas for air displacement during initial pump priming and tube purging. Arterial blood can be accessed for sampling and for distal limb perfusion and a blood flow and monitoring console may be included in the system.

Claims

1. In a simplified general purpose emergency bypass system having a cardiopulmonary support apparatus withdrawing venous blood from a patient and for patient arterial return thereof, the improvement which consists solely of the combination of:

a closed circuit of components arranged in a series relationship between the patient'"'"'s venous blood supply and arterial blood return, said circuit having a static extracorporeal fluid volume;

said circuit components consisting of a non-occlusive blood pump, an oxygenator, and interconnecting static extracorporeal volume means providing continuous fluid communication between said components, and said circuit including bubble trapping means;

a venous cannula;

an arterial cannula;

said interconnecting means operably coupled to said venous cannula for withdrawing venous blood into one end of said circuit, and to said arterial cannula at the other end of said circuit for returning blood to the patient; and

said closed circuit including a bypass loop selectively coupling said interconnecting means together between said cannulae for priming and air purging purposes in said circuit.

2. In a simplified general purpose emergency bypass system having a cardiopulmonary support apparatus withdrawing venous blood from a patient and for patient arterial return thereof, the improvement which consists solely of the combination of:

a closed circuit of components arranged in a series relationship between the patient'"'"'s venous blood supply and arterial blood return, said circuit having a static extracorporeal fluid volume;

said circuit components consisting of a non-occlusive blood pump, an oxygenator, and interconnecting static extracorporeal volume means providing continuous fluid communication between said components, and said circuit including bubble trapping means;

a venous cannula;

an arterial cannula;

said interconnecting means operably coupled to said venous cannula for withdrawing venous blood into one end of said circuit, and to said arterial cannula at the other end of said circuit for returning blood to the patient;

said closed circuit including a bypass loop selectively coupling said interconnecting means together between said cannulae for priming and air purging purposes in said circuit; and

said closed circuit further including a pair of IV spikes selectively coupled into said interconnecting means between said venous cannula and said blood pump for accessing thereto.

3. In a simplified general purpose emergency bypass system having a cardiopulmonary support apparatus withdrawing venous blood from a patient and for patient arterial return thereof, the improvement which consists solely of the combination of:

a closed circuit of components arranged in a series relationship between the patient'"'"'s venous blood supply and arterial blood return, said circuit having a static extracorporeal fluid volume;

said circuit components consisting of a non-occlusive blood pump, an oxygenator, and interconnecting static extracorporeal volume means providing continuous fluid communication between said components, and said circuit including bubble trapping means;

a venous cannula;

an arterial cannula;

said interconnecting means operably coupled to said venous cannula for withdrawing venous blood into one end of said circuit, and to said arterial cannula at the other end of said circuit for returning blood to the patient;

said closed circuit including a bypass loop selectively coupling said interconnecting means together between said cannulae for priming and air purging purposes in said circuit; and

said circuit components being arranged in a serial placement with said venous cannula coupled to said blood pump, and said oxygenator operably connected between said blood pump and said arterial cannula.

4. In a simplified general purpose emergency bypass system having a cardiopulmonary support apparatus withdrawing venous blood from a patient and for patient arterial return thereof, the improvement which consists solely of the combination of:

a closed circuit of components arranged in a series relationship between the patient'"'"'s venous blood supply and arterial blood return, said circuit having a static extracorporeal fluid volume;

said circuit components consisting of a non-occlusive blood pump, an oxygenator, and interconnecting static extracorporeal volume means providing continuous fluid communication between said components, and said circuit including bubble trapping means;

a venous cannula;

an arterial cannula;

said interconnecting means operably coupled to said venous cannula for withdrawing venous blood into one end of said circuit, and to said arterial cannula at the other end of said circuit for returning blood to the patient;

said closed circuit including a bypass loop selectively coupling said interconnecting means together between said cannulae for priming and air purging purposes in said circuit; and

said blood pump being limited to a centrifugal or an impellor driven pump.

5. In a simplified general purpose emergency bypass system having a cardiopulmonary support apparatus withdrawing venous blood from a patient and for patient arterial return thereof, the improvement which consists solely of the combination of:

a closed circuit of components arranged in a series relationship between the patient'"'"'s venous blood supply and arterial blood return, said circuit having a static extracorporeal fluid volume;

said circuit components consisting of a non-occlusive blood pump, an oxygenator, and interconnecting static extracorporeal volume means providing continuous fluid communication between said components, and said circuit including bubble trapping means;

a venous cannula;

an arterial cannula;

said interconnecting means operably coupled to said venous cannula for withdrawing venous blood into one end of said circuit, and to said arterial cannula at the other end of said circuit for returning blood to the patient;

said closed circuit including a bypass loop selectively coupling said interconnecting means together between said cannulae for priming and air purging purposes in said circuit, and

said blood pump being incorporated into a system monitoring device having at least a flow meter and an rpm meter.

6. In a simplified general purpose emergency bypass system having a cardiopulmonary support apparatus withdrawing venous blood from a patient and for patient arterial return thereof, the improvement which consists solely of the combination of:

a closed circuit of components arranged in a series relationship between the patient'"'"'s venous blood supply and arterial blood return, said circuit having a static extracorporeal fluid volume;

said circuit components consisting of a non-occlusive blood pump, an oxygenator, and interconnecting static extracorporeal volume means providing continuous fluid communication between said components, and said circuit including bubble trapping means;

a venous cannula;

an arterial cannula;

said interconnecting means operably coupled to said venous cannula for withdrawing venous blood into one end of said circuit, and to said arterial cannula at the other end of said circuit for returning blood to the patient;

said closed circuit including a bypass loop selectively coupling said interconnecting means together between said cannulae for priming and air purging purposes in said circuit;

said closed circuit further including pair of IV spikes selectively coupled into said tubing between said venous cannula and said blood pump for accessing thereto;

said circuit components being arranged in a serial placement with said venous cannula coupled to said blood pump;

said oxygenator operably connected between said blood pump and said arterial cannula;

said blood pump being limited to a centrifugal or impellor driven pump;

said blood pump being incorporated into a system monitoring device having at least a flow meter and an rpm meter; and

a connector incorporated into said arterial cannula for accessing arterial blood for sampling or distal limb perfusion.

7. A method of operating a blood cardiopulmonary support apparatus utilizing a minimum number of components not exceeding a pump, an oxygenator, bubble trapping means and static extracorporeal volume means for interconnecting said components in a serial circuit, the steps comprising:

preparing a patient'"'"'s blood vessels for receiving venous and arterial cannulae;

introducing appropriate cannulae into the venous and arterial vessels;

priming said support apparatus components by displacing air with solution to clear the venous and arterial lines utilizing a bypass loop coupling said venous and arterial lines;

priming the pump, oxygenator and remainder of the interconnecting means until said oxygenator is occupied by solution;

activating said pump to recirculate prime solution until tubing and components are free of air;

clamping said bypass loop followed by connecting said interconnecting means to venous and arterial cannulae; and

increasing blood pump speed until a concomitant increase in blood flow cannot be detected, followed by decreasing blood pump speed to the lowest speed at which the highest blood flow was achieved.