Waveform matching system and method

• US 4,547,899 A
• Filed: 09/30/1982
• Issued: 10/15/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NCR Corporation (NCR Voyix Corporation)
• Original Assignee: NCR Corporation (NCR Voyix Corporation)
• Inventors: Nally, Robert B., Ma, Hung S., Akister, James F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Application Number:
  US06/431,923
• Time in Patent Office: 1,111 Days
• Field of Search: 382/7, 382/29, 382/30, 382/34, 382/37, 235/449, 235/379
• US Class Current: 382/139
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/98 Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/2253 Recognition of characters printed with magnetic ink G06V30/2247 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/08 by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means without personal verification means G07F7/02
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/0833 Card having specific functional components

Abstract

A method and system of matching first and second waveforms, each having identifiable features, for identification purposes. The method includes the steps of obtaining from the first waveforms significant said identifiable features having values and locations with respect to a starting point of the associated said first waveform, with the significant identifiable features being obtained according to the predetermined criteria; utilizing values and locations of the significant identifiable features of a first waveform to search in predetermined locations for anticipated corresponding identifiable features in a second waveform; determining the values and locations of the identifiable features, if any, found in the predetermined locations; and comparing the values and locations from the determining step with the values and locations of the significant identifiable features of a first waveform according to second predetermined criteria to determine whether or not the second waveform matches a first waveform. The system includes a data acquisition module for obtaining the significant identifiable features mentioned, and a matching module for utilizing the significant identifiable features of the first waveforms to effect the comparing step mentioned.

Claims

1. A method of matching first magnetic waveforms and second magnetic waveforms, each having identifiable features used for identification purposes, comprising the steps of:

(a) obtaining from each said first magnetic waveform those of said identifiable features which are significant, with significant meaning those identifiable features providing the largest recognition distances as used in "matching template" character recognition;

said significant identifiable features having values and locations with respect to a starting point of the associated said first waveform, with said significant identifiable features being obtained according to predetermined criteria;

(b) utilizing said values and locations of said significant identifiable features of said first waveform to search in anticipated locations for anticipated corresponding identifiable features in a second magnetic waveform;

(c) determining the values and locations of said identifiable features of said second magnetic waveform, if any, found in said anticipated locations; and

(d) comparing via comparing circuitry the values and locations from said determining step with the values and locations of said significant identifiable features of a said first magnetic waveform according to second predetermined criteria to determine whether or not the second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 in which said step (a) includes the step of:

(a-1) thresholding said first magnetic waveforms to define windows, with each said window being associated with a portion of an associated said first magnetic waveform and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to a starting point in the associated said first magnetic waveform, each said significant identifiable feature being located in one of said windows.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2 in which said step (a) also includes the step of:

5. The method as claimed in claim 1 in which said anticipated locations represent windows, with each said window including a portion of the associated second magnetic waveform, and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to a starting point of the associated second magnetic waveform, and in which said step (b) includes the step of:

(b-1) adjusting the widths of said windows as the locations of the windows become more distant from the associated said starting point for the associated said second magnetic waveform.

7. The method as claimed in claim 5 in which said step (b) includes the steps of:

(d-1) calculating a difference amount, hereinafter referred to as a "y" distance, by which an anticipated said value associated with a said second magnetic waveform from step (c) differs from the corresponding said value associated with said first magnetic waveform from step (b);

(d-2) calculating a difference amount, hereinafter referred to as an "x" distance by which an anticipated said location of an identifiable feature associated with a said second magnetic waveform from step (c) differs from the corresponding said location associated with said first magnetic waveform from step (b); and

(d-3) using said y and x distances to provide an average distance for each said second magnetic waveform, which said average distance is used as a factor in said second predetermined criteria in determining whether or not the second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

4. (a-2) selecting less than all said identifiable features in a said first magnetic waveform according to said predetermined criteria to obtain said significant identifiable features.

6. The method as claimed in claim 4 in which said first magnetic waveforms and said second magnetic waveforms are of a type which is printed in magnetic ink and associated with MICR data, and with said identifiable features being peaks in said first and second magnetic waveforms, and in which said step (b) also includes the step of:

(b-2) adjusting the height of said windows when the intensity of the magnetic ink associated with a said first magnetic waveform is below a predetermined level.

8. The method as claimed in claim 6 in which said step (a) includes the step of:

(a-1) sensing a MICR line on a document to obtain said first magnetic waveforms; and

said step (b) also includes the step of;

(b-3) sensing a MICR line on a document in a sensing operation subsequent in time to said step (a) to obtain said second magnetic waveforms.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8 in which said step (a) includes the step of:

(a-1) thresholding said first magnetic waveforms to obtain said first identifiable features.

12. The method as claimed in claim 10 in which said predetermined locations represent windows, with each said window including a portion of the associated second magnetic waveform, and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to the starting point of the associated second magnetic waveform, and in which said step (e) includes the step of:

(e-1) adjusting the width of said windows as the locations of the windows become more distant from the associated said starting point for the associated said second magnetic waveform.

14. The method as claimed in claim 12 in which said step (g) includes the steps of:

(g-1) calculating a difference amount, hereinafter referred to as a "y" distance, by which an anticipated said value associated with a said second magnetic waveform from step (f) differs from the corresponding said value associated with said first magnetic waveform from step (e);

(g-2) calculating a difference amount, hereinafter referred to as an "x" distance by which an anticipated said location of an identifiable feature associated with a said second magnetic waveform from step (f) differs from the corresponding said location associated with said first magnetic waveform from step (e); and

(g-3) using said y and x distances to provide an average distance for each said second magnetic waveform, which said average distance is used as a factor in said third predetermined criteria in determining whether or not the second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

15. The method as claimed in claim 8 in which said step (a) includes the step of:

(a-1) sensing a MICR line on a document to obtain said first magnetic waveforms; and

in which said step (e) also includes the step of;

(e-1) sensing a MICR line on a document in a sensing operation subsequent in time to said step (a-1) to obtain said second magnetic waveforms; and

in which said step (a) includes the step of;

(a-2) selecting fewer than all the said first magnetic waveforms associated with a said document according to said predetermined criteria.

17. The system as claimed in claim 15 in which said obtaining means includes:

means for thresholding said first magnetic waveforms to define windows, with each said window being associated with a portion of the associated said first magnetic waveform and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to a starting point in the associated said first magnetic waveform, and with each said significant identifiable feature being located in one of said windows.

18. The system as claimed in claim 15 in which said anticipated locations represent windows, with each said window including a portion of the associated second magnetic waveform, and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to a starting point of the associated second magnetic waveform, and in which said utilizing means further comprises:

means for adjusting the width of said windows as the locations of the windows become more distant from the associated said starting point for the associated said second magnetic waveform.

19. The system as claimed in claim 17 in which said first and second magnetic waveforms are of a type which is printed in magnetic ink and associated with MICR data, and in which said significant identifiable features are peaks in said first and second magnetic waveforms, and in which said utilizing means further comprises:

means for adjusting the height of said windows when the intensity of the magnetic ink associated with a said first magnetic waveform is below a predetermined level.

20. The system as claimed in claim 18 in which said comparing means includes:

means for calculating a difference amount, hereinafter referred to as a "y" distance, by which an anticipated said value associated with a said second magnetic waveform differs from the corresponding said value associated with said first magnetic waveform;

means for calculating a second difference amount, hereinafter referred to as an "x" distance by which an anticipated said location of a said significant identifiable feature associated with a said second magnetic waveform differs from the corresponding said location associated with said first magnetic waveform; and

means for using said y and x distances to provide an average distance for each said second magnetic waveform, which said average distance is used as a factor in said second predetermined criteria in determining whether or not the second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

21. The system as claimed in claim 19 in which said obtaining means further comprises:

means for sensing a MICR line on a document to obtain said first magnetic waveforms; and

in which said utilizing means further comprises;

second means for sensing a MICR line on a document in a sensing operation subsequent in time to that performed by said first named sensing means to obtain said second magnetic waveforms.

9. A method of matching first magnetic waveforms and second magnetic waveforms for identification purposes, comprising the steps of:

(a) obtaining from a said first waveform at least first and second identifiable features whose locations therein can be referenced with respect to a starting point in the associated said first magnetic waveform;

(b) utilizing said first identifiable features to define windows, with each said window being associated with a portion of the associated said first magnetic waveform, and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to the associated said starting point;

(c) determining said second identifiable features within an associated window according to predetermined criteria and also determining their locations with reference to said starting point;

(d) storing values representing the most significant ones, as determined by second predetermined criteria, of said second identifiable features and their locations with reference to said starting point for said windows for each said first magnetic waveform, said second magnetic waveforms also having said second identifiable features said second identifiable features meaning those which provide the largest recognition distances as used in "matching template" character recognition;

(e) using said values and their locations from step (d) of a said first magnetic waveform to search in anticipated locations for anticipated corresponding said second identifiable features in an anticipated corresponding second magnetic waveform;

(f) determining the values and locations of said second identifiable features, if any, found in said anticipated locations; and

(g) comparing via comparing circuitry the values and locations of said second identifiable features of a said second magnetic waveform obtained from step (f) with the values and locations of said second identifiable features of a said first magnetic waveform according to a third predetermined criteria to determine whether or not a said second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

11. The method as claimed in claim 9 in which said step (d) includes the step of:

(d-1) selecting less than all said second identifiable features in a said first magnetic waveform according to said second predetermined criteria to obtain said significant ones of said second identifiable features of said first magnetic waveform.

13. The method as claimed in claim 11 in which said first and second magnetic waveforms are of a type which is printed in magnetic ink and associated with MICR data, and with said second identifiable features being peaks in said first and second magnetic waveforms, and in which said step (e) also includes the step of:

(e-2) adjusting the height of said windows when the intensity of the magnetic ink associated with a said first magnetic waveform is below a predetermined level.

16. A system for matching first magnetic waveforms and second magnetic waveforms, each having identifiable features used for identification purposes, comprising:

means for obtaining from said first magnetic waveforms those of said identifiable features which are significant, with significant meaning those identifiable features providing the largest recognition distances as used in "matching template" character recognition;

said significant identifiable features having values and locations with respect to a starting point of the associated said first magnetic waveform, with said significant identifiable features being obtained according to predetermined criteria; and

means for matching said first and second magnetic waveforms to determined whether or not a said second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform, comprising;

means for utilitizing said values and locations of said significant identifiable features of a said first waveform to search in anticipated locations for anticipated corresponding said significant identifiable features in a second magnetic waveform;

means for determining the values and locations of said significant identifiable features of said second magnetic waveform, if any, found in said anticipated locations; and

means for comparing the values and locations from said determining means with the values and locations of said significant identifiable features of a said first magnetic waveform according to second predetermined criteria to determine whether or not the second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

22. A system for matching first magnetic waveforms and second magnetic waveforms for identification purposes, comprising:

means for obtaining from said first magnetic waveforms at least first and second identifiable features whose locations therein can be referenced with respect to a starting point in the associated first said magnetic waveform said second indentifiable features meaning those which provide the largest recognition distances as used in "matching template" character recognition;

means for utilizing said first identifiable features to define windows, with each said window being associated with a portion of the associated said first magnetic waveform, and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to the associated said starting point;

means for determining said second identifiable features within an associated window according to predetermined criteria and also for determining their locations with reference to said starting point;

means for selecting and storing values representing the most significant ones, as determined by second predetermined criteria, of said second identifiable features and their locations with reference to said starting point for said windows for each said first waveform, said second magnetic waveforms also having said second identifiable features;

means for using said values and their locations from said selecting and sorting means of a said first magnetic waveform to search in anticipated locations for anticipated corresponding said second identifiable features in an anticipated corresponding second magnetic waveform;

means for determining the values and locations of said second identifiable features, if any, found in said anticipated locations; and

means for comparing the values and locations of said second identifiable features of a said second magnetic waveform obtained from said determining means with the values and locations of said second identifiable features of a said first magnetic waveform according to third predetermined criteria to determine whether or not a said second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

24. The system as claimed in claim 22 in which said data acquisition module further comprises:

means for thresholding said first magnetic waveforms to define windows, with each said window being associated with a portion of the associated said first magnetic waveform and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to a starting point in the associated said first magnetic waveform, and with each said significant identifiable feature being located in one of said windows.

25. The system as claimed in claim 22 in which said anticipated locations represent windows, with each said window including a portion of the associated second magnetic waveform, and with each said window having a starting location and an ending location with reference to a starting point of the associated second magnetic waveform,

means for adjusting the width of said windows as the locations of the windows become more distant from the associated said starting point for the associated said second magnetic waveform.

26. The system as claimed in claim 24 in which said significant identifiable features are peaks in said first and second magnetic waveforms, and in which said matching module further comprises:

means for adjusting the height of said windows when the intensity of the magnetic ink associated with a said first magnetic waveform is below a predetermined level.

27. The system as claimed in claim 24 in which said matching module also includes:

means for calculating a difference amount hereinafter referred to as a "y" distance, by which an anticipated said value associated with a said second magnetic waveform differs from the corresponding said value associated with said first magnetic waveform;

means for calculating a second difference amount, hereinafter referred to as an "x" distance by which an anticipated said location of an identifiable feature associated with a said second magnetic waveform differs from the corresponding said location associated with said first magnetic waveform; and

means for using said y and x distances to provide an average distance for each said second magnetic waveform, which said average distance is used as a factor in said second predetermined criteria in determining whether or not a said second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform.

28. The system as claimed in claim 22 further comprising an encoder which encodes predetermined data on a document of said batch of documents when said output signal indicates that an associated group of said second magnetic waveforms match a corresponding associated group of said first magnetic waveforms.

29. The system as claimed in claim 22 in which said first reader produces both positive and negative portions of said first magnetic waveforms and said data acquisition module includes means for detecting peaks in said first magnetic waveforms and for obtaining said significant identifiable features in both the positive and negative portions of said first magnetic waveforms.

30. The system as claimed in claim 22 in which said data acquisition module includes a demultiplexer for handling said positive and negative portions.

23. A system for matching digitized first magnetic waveforms and digitized second magnetic waveforms, each having identifiable features used for identification purposes, comprising:

a first reader for reading a batch of documents having MICR data in magnetic ink thereon and also for producing said digitized first magnetic waveforms having said identifiable features;

a data acquisition module for obtaining from said first magnetic waveforms those of said identifiable features which are significant, with significant meaning those identifiable features providing the largest recognition distances as used in "matching template" character recognition;

said significant identifiable features having values and locations with respect to a starting point of the associated said first magnetic waveform, with said significant identifiable features being obtained according to predetermined criteria;

a host system for receiving and storing said values and locations for said first magnetic waveforms;

a second reader for reading said batch of documents as a time subsequent to the reading at said first reader for producing said digitized second magnetic waveforms having said identifiable features;

a matching module for utilizing said values and locations of said first magnetic waveforms received from said host system to search in anticipated locations for anticipated corresponding said significant identifiable features of a said second magnetic waveform obtained from said second reader, and also for comparing said values and locations obtained from a search of said anticipated locations with said significant identifiable features of a first magnetic waveform according to a second predetermined criteria to determine whether or not the second magnetic waveform matches a said first magnetic waveform, and also for producing an output signal in accordance therewith.