All-solid-state display including an organic electrochromic layer with ion donor/acceptor

• US 4,550,982 A
• Filed: 11/09/1982
• Issued: 11/05/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 11/09/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nippon Electric Company Limited 33-1 Shiba Gochome Minato-Ku Tokyo Japan
• Original Assignee: Nippon Electric Company Limited (NEC Corporation)
• Inventors: Hirai, Yoshihiko
• Primary Examiner(s): Punter, William H.
• Application Number:
  US06/440,465
• Time in Patent Office: 1,092 Days
• Field of Search: 350/357, 252/408.1
• US Class Current: 359/274
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/15165 Polymers

Abstract

Between a display electrode and a counter electrode, an all-solid-state organic electrochromic display device comprises a polymer layer comprising at least one organic electrochromic material and at lest one ionic material. The layer may be a polymer film of at least one polymer material in which film the electrochromic and the ionic materials are dispersed, a polymer electrochromic film comprising the electrochromic material in which film the ionic material is dispersed, a polymer ionic film comprising the ionic material in which film the electrochromic material is dispersed, or a polymer electrochromic and ionic film comprising the electrochromic and the ionic materials. Between the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode, the device may comprise a polymer redox layer which is similar in structure to the electrochromic layer and preferably comprises at least one ionic material. Between the electrochromic layer and either one of the display and the counter electrodes or the redox layer, the device may comprise a solid electrolyte layer which may either be a polymer ionic layer or an inorganic solid electrolyte layer. Preferably, the electrochromic, the redox, and/or the polymer ionic layer include conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and/or reflective powder and, more preferably, are cross-linked. A conductive and/or reflective powder may be included in the inorganic solid electrolyte layer.

Claims

1. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device comprising a substantially transparent electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrochromic layer between said transparent and said counter electrodes, wherein said electrochromic layer consists essentially of a polymer electrochromic film comprising at least one organic electrochromic material and at least one ionic material.

2. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device comprising a substantially transparent electrode, a counter electrode, and a polymer electrochromic film between said transparent and said counter electrodes, wherein said polymer electrochromic film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, with at least one organic electrochromic material and at least one ionic material dispersed in said film.

3. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 2, said polymer electrochromic film having a first and a second surface, wherein said transparent and said counter electrodes are in direct contact with said first and said second surfaces, respectively.

4. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said transparent electrode.

5. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said counter electrode.

6. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a redox layer between said electrolyte layer and said counter electrode.

7. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 6, wherein said redox layer consists essentially of a polymer redox film comprising at least one redox material.

8. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, said at least one redox material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

9. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material.

10. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said polymer redox film further comprises at least one ionic material.

11. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 10, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, said at least one redox material and said at least one ionic material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

12. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 10, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said at least one ionic material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

13. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 10, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material and a polymer ionic material, said polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said polymer ionic material comprising said at least one ionic material.

14. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 7 through 13, wherein said polymer redox film is cross-linked.

15. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 14, wherein said cross-linked polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

16. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 7 through 13, wherein said polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

17. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 4 through 13, wherein said electrolyte layer is a dispersed film consisting essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material with at least one ionic material dispersed in said film.

18. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 4 through 13, wherein said electrolyte layer is a polyelectrolyte film consisting essentially of a polymer ionic material.

19. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 4 through 13, wherein said electrolyte layer consists essentially of at least one inorganic solid electrolyte material.

74. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 2 through 13, any one of claims 20 through 31, any one of claims 38 through 49, or any one of claims 56 through 67, wherein said polymer electrochromic film is a cross-linked polymer electrochromic film.

75. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 74, wherein said cross-linked polymer electrochromic film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

76. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 2 through 13, any one of claims 20 through 31, any one of claims 38 through 49, or any one of claims 56 through 67, wherein said polymer electrochromic film comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

20. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device comprising a substantially transparent electrode, a counter electrode, and a polymer electrochromic film between said transparent and said counter electrodes, wherein said polymer electrochromic film consists essentially of a polymer electrochromic material comprising at least one organic electrochromic material, with at least one ionic material dispersed in said polymer electrochromic film.

21. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 20, said polymer electrochromic film having a first and a second surface, wherein said transparent and said counter electrodes are in direct contact with said first and said second surfaces, respectively.

22. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said transparent electrode.

23. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said counter electrode.

24. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 23, further comprising a redox layer between said electrolyte layer and said counter electrode.

25. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 24, wherein said redox layer consists essentially of a polymer redox film comprising at least one redox material.

26. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 25, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, said at least one redox material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

27. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 25, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material comprising said at least one ionic material.

28. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 25, wherein said polymer redox film further comprises at least one ionic material.

29. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 28, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, said at least one redox material and said at least one ionic material dispersed in said polymer redox film.

30. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 28, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a high polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said at least one ionic material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

31. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 28, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material and a polymer ionic material, said polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said polymer ionic material comprising said at least one ionic material.

32. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 25 through 31, wherein said polymer redox film is cross-linked.

33. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 32, wherein said cross-linked polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

34. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 25 through 31, wherein said polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

35. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 22 through 31, wherein said electrolyte layer is a dispersed film consisting essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material with at least one ionic material dispersed in said film.

36. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 22 through 31, wherein said electrolyte layer is a polyelectrolyte film consisting essentially of a polymer ionic material.

37. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 27 through 31, wherein said electrolyte layer consists essentially of at least one inorganic solid electrolyte material.

38. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device comprising a substantially transparent electrode, a counter electrode, and a polymer electrochromic film between said transparent and said counter electrodes, wherein said polymer electrochromic film consists essentially of a polymer ionic material comprising at least one ionic material, with at least one organic electrochromic material dispersed in said polymer electrochromic film.

39. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 38, said polymer electrochromic film having a first and a second surface, wherein said transparent and said counter electrodes are in direct contact with said first and said second surfaces, respectively.

40. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 38, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said transparent electrode.

41. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 38, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said counter electrode.

42. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 41, further comprising a redox layer between said electrolyte layer and said counter electrode.

43. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 42, wherein said redox layer consists essentially of a polymer redox film comprising at least one redox material.

44. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 43, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, said at least one redox material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

45. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 43, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material.

46. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 43, wherein said polymer redox film further comprises at least one ionic material.

47. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, said at least one redox material and said at least one ionic material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

48. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said at least one ionic material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

49. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a high polymer redox material and a polymer ionic material, said polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said polymer ionic material comprising said at least one ionic material.

50. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 43 through 49, wherein said polymer redox film is cross-linked.

51. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 50, wherein said cross-linked polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

52. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 43 through 49, wherein said polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

53. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 40 through 49, wherein said electrolyte layer is a dispersed film consisting essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material with at least one ionic material dispersed in said film.

54. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 40 through 49, wherein said electrolyte layer is a polyelectrolyte film consisting essentially of a polymer ionic material.

55. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 40 through 49, wherein said electrolyte layer consists essentially of at least one inorganic solid electrolyte material.

56. An all-solid-state electrochrmic display device comprising a substantially transparent electrode, a counter electrode, and a polymer electrochromic film between said transparent and said counter electrodes, wherein said polymer electrochromic film consists essentially of a polymer electrochromic material and a polymer ionic material, said polymer electrochromic material, said polymer ionic material comprising at least one ionic material.

57. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 56, said polymer electrochromic film having a first and a second surface, wherein said transparent and said counter electrodes are in direct contact with said first and said second surfaces, respectively.

58. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 56, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said transparent electrode.

59. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 56, further comprising a solid electrolyte layer between said polymer electrochromic film and said counter electrode.

60. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 59, further comprising a redox layer between said electrolyte layer and said counter electrode.

61. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 60, wherein said redox layer consists essentially of a polymer redox film comprising at least one redox material.

62. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 61, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one high polymer material, said at least one redox material being dispersed in said high polymer redox film.

63. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 61, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material.

64. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 61, wherein said polymer redox film further comprises at least one ionic material.

65. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 64, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material, said at least one redox material and said at least one ionic material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

66. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 64, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said at least one ionic material being dispersed in said polymer redox film.

67. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 64, wherein said polymer redox film consists essentially of a high polymer redox material and a polymer ionic material, said polymer redox material comprising said at least one redox material, said polymer ionic material comprising said at least one ionic material.

68. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 61 through 67, wherein said polymer redox film is cross-linked.

69. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in claim 68, wherein said cross-linked polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

70. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 61 through 67, wherein said polymer redox film comprises at least one additive selected from a group consisting of conductive powder, at least one plasticizer, and reflective powder.

71. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 58 through 67, wherein said electrolyte layer is a dispersed film consisting essentially of macromolecules of at least one polymer material with at least one ionic material dispersed in said film.

72. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 58 through 67, wherein said electrolyte layer is a polyelectrolyte film consisting essentially of a polymer ionic material.

73. An all-solid-state electrochromic display device as claimed in any one of claims 58 through 67, wherein said electolyte layer consists essentially of at least one inorganic solid electrolyte material.