Method and apparatus for transmitting status information between remote locations

• US 4,551,718 A
• Filed: 06/24/1983
• Issued: 11/05/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 06/24/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Tetragenics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Tetragenics Incorporated
• Inventors: Scheer, Gary W., Cookson, John A., Echard, Richard A., Schatzka, Richard L.
• Primary Examiner(s): YUSKO, DONALD
• Application Number:
  US06/507,560
• Time in Patent Office: 865 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.16, 340/870.16, 340/870.19, 340/505, 340/517, 340/518, 340/506, 340/524, 340/525, 340/825.17, 340/825.18, 340/825.12, 340/825.13 , 340/825.36, 340/825.06, 364/480, 364/483
• US Class Current: 340/517
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00002 characterised by monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00006 characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00036 the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers circuits for indication of single switches H01H9/167
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/30 State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/12 characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment

Abstract

A system for transmitting status information from a first location to a remote second location includes a monitoring device at the first location for monitoring the state of a plurality of relays or other devices that are capable of being in either an active or inactive state. The monitoring device produces a digital signal representative of the state of the relays. A first memory storage device contains a table of digital codes arranged so that a unique code is associated in a predetermined manner with each relay in each state. A processor is provided for processing the digital signal from the monitoring device and for accessing the table to retrieve the code associated with the present state of each relay. The processor also produces a first signal indicative of a change of state of any relay from the inactive to the active state. A transmitter transmits the codes retrieved from the processor in a predetermined sequence. An interrupt device is included that interrupts the transmission sequence in the presence of the first signal to cause the immediate transmission of the code associated with the relay that has changed from the inactive to the active state. A receiver at the remote second location receives the transmitted codes and verifies their validity by comparing the received codes to a table of expected codes contained in a second memory storage device. If the code received is valid, a decoder determines the relay and state represented and formulates and outputs a control word representative of the state of the monitored relays. If the code is invalid, an alarm signal is generated that inhibits the output of a control word. Once an alarm signal is generated, it is maintained until a valid code is received for each of the monitored relays without the reception of an intervening invalid code. Preferably, the transmission and reception of the codes are accomplished under control of a digital computer operating under program control.

Claims

1. A method of transmitting status information from a first location to a remote second location comprising the steps of:

At the first location;

(a) monitoring the state of a plurality of devices, each of which is in either an active or inactive state;

(b) assembling a table of digital codes such that a distinct code is associated with each possible state of each said device;

(c) determining the current state of each device and assigning the proper digital code for each device in its current state;

(d) determining if any device has changed from the inactive to the active state;

(e) transmitting in a predetermined sequence the codes for each device;

(f) if a change to the active state has occurred for any device, interrupting said predetermined sequence, to transmit the digital code associated with the device that has changed state;

At the second location;

(g) receiving said digital codes in the order transmitted;

(h) comparing the received code with the table to determine the validity of the received code;

(i) if the received code is valid, decoding the code to determine the device and state represented;

(j) outputting the status information based on the most recent code received;

(k) upon reception of any invalid code, inhibiting output so that no status information is output until validity is reestablished; and

(l) reestablishing validity after the reception of a valid code for each of the monitored devices without reception of an intervening invalid code.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of interrupting the sequence of transmission includes:

(a) providing a table of operands wherein each operand corresponds to a predetermined routine, the performance of which interrupts the normal transmission sequence and transmits the predetermined digital code associated with the monitored device that has changed to the active state;

(b) forming a digital data word representative of the monitored devices that have changed to the active state, the digital code for which has not yet been transmitted;

(c) processing the data word to index a position within the table of operands;

(d) performing the routine at the indexed location.

3. The method of claim 2 further including the step of updating the digital data word to indicate that the active state code for a given device has been transmitted.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein N devices are monitored and wherein further the table of operands contains 2ⁱ identical entries associated with device i where i equals 0 to N.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the digital data word contains N bits.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the digital codes are formatted to have an address portion and a key portion and the step of checking the validity of the received codes includes:

providing a verification table containing said key portion of said codes at predetermined locations within said table;

processing said received ditigal codes to identify said address portion;

processing said address portion to identify a particular location within said verification table;

comparing the contents of said particular location in said verification table with said key portion of said received codes.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of decoding the received code includes:

providing a decode table having stored values related in a predetermined manner to said monitored devices and their state at predetermined locations within said decode table;

processing the address portion of the received code to identify a particular location in the decode table;

reading the stored value at the particular location.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the most significant bit of each digital code corresponding to an active state is a 1.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of reestablishing validity of the received code includes the steps of:

forming a digital arming word containing N bits, each bit corresponding to one of said monitored devices;

if the contents of said particular location in said verification table and said key portion of said received code do not match, setting all N bits of said arming word to 0;

each time a match occurs between the contents of said particular location in said verification table and said key portion of said received code, setting the bit in said arming word corresponding to the monitored device reprsented by said received code to a 1;

monitoring the arming word for the presence of 1'"'"'s in all N bits;

outputting status information only when said arming word is all 1'"'"'s.

10. A system for transmitting status information from a first location to a remote second location, comprising:

At the first location;

first means for monitoring the state of a plurality of devices, each of which can be in either an active or an inactive state and for producing a digital status word representative of the state of the devices;

first memory storage means containing a table of digital codes arranged so that a unique code in said table is associated in a predetermined manner with each device in each of its states;

second means associated with said first means for processing said digital status word and accessing said first memory storage means to retrieve the digital code associated with the current state of each said device, said second means also producing a first signal indicative of a change of state of any of said devices from the inactive to the active state;

transmitter means for receivig said associated digital codes from said second means and transmitting said codes to said second location in a predetermined sequence;

interrupt means associated with said second means and said transmitter means and operable upon the presence of said first signal to interrupt the sequence of transmission of said codes to cause the immediate transmission of the code for the device that has changed from the inactive to the active state;

And at the second location;

receiver means for receiving said transmitted digital codes;

second memory storage means containing a table of values representative of said digital codes;

verification means associated with said receiver means and said second memory storage means for comparing the received digital codes with said values in said table to determine the validity of said received digital codes and for producing an alarm signal in the event that the received digital code does not match one of said values in said table and maintaining said alarm signal until a valid code is received for each monitored device without an intervening valid code being received;

decoder means associated with said receiver means and said comparison means and operable in the absence of said alarm signal to determine the monitored device and state represented by said received digital code;

output means associated with said decoder means for producing and outputting a digital control word representative of the state of the monitored devices; and

inhibiting means associated with said decoder means and said output means and operable in the presence of said alarm signal to inhibit the output of said digital control word.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said second means and said interrupt means are incorporated in a first digital computer and their processing, signal-producing, and interrupting functions are executed by said first digital computer under program control and wherein said comparison means, decoder means, output means, and inhibiting means are incorporated in a second digital computer and wherein their respective comparing, decoding, and inhibiting functions are executed by said second computer under program control.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein said interrupt means includes:

a third memory storage means containing a table of operands wherein each operand corresponds to a predetermined routine, the performance of which interrupts the normal transmission sequence and transmits the digital code associated with the monitored device that has changed to the active state;

first processing means for forming a digital word representative of the monitored devices that have changed to the active state; and

second processing means for processing said digital word to index a position within said table of operands corresponding to the monitored device that has changed to the active state, the digital code for which has not yet been transmitted.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein said second processing means also updates said digital word after the performance of the indexed routine to indicate that the active state code for the given device has been transmitted.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein N devices are monitored and wherein further the table of operands contains 2ⁱ identical entries associated with each of the monitored devices i where i equals 0 to N.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein said digital word contains N bits, each bit position corresponding to one of the N monitored devices.

16. The system of claim 10 wherein said digital codes are formatted to have an address portion and a key portion and wherein the verification means includes:

a fourth memory storage means containing a verification table having arranged therein the key portions of said digital codes at predetermined locations;

third processing means associated with said receiver means for processing said digital codes to identify said address portion thereof and processing said address portion to identify a particular location within said verification table; and

comparison means associated with said third processing means for comparing the contents of said particular location in said verification table with said key portion of said received code.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein said decoder means includes:

a fifth memory storage means containing a decode table having stored therein values related in a predetermined manner to said monitored devices and their state, said values being stored at predetermined locations within said decode table; and

fourth processing means associated with said comparison means and said fifth memory storage means for processing the address portion of said received code to identify a particular location in said decode table and reading the value at said particular location.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein the most significant bit of each digital code corresponding to an active state is a logic 1.

19. The system of claim 17 wherein said inhibiting means includes:

an arming means for producing a digital arming word containing N bits, each bit corresponding to one of said monitored devices, said verification means cooperating with said arming means to set all N bits of said arming word to zero in the event said key portion of said received digital code does not match any of the values in said verification table and setting the bit in said arming word corresponding to the monitored device represented by a received code each time the key portion of said received code matches the contents of a location in said verification table; and

second monitoring means associated with said arming means for monitoring the arming word for the presence of 1'"'"'s in all N bits.